软件测试自动化与测试管理工具

(一(一Whatis MercuryQuickTestProfessionalisfunctionaltestandregressiontestautomationsolutionthataddresseverymajorsoftwareapplicationandenvironment.Basicpurpose:toteststandardwebStructure:B/SandWhatWhatisQTPstandsforQuickTestItisanautomatedtestingtoolprovidedbyHP/MercuryInteractiveQTPintegrateswithotherMercurytestingsolutionsincluding:Utilizesanadd-inarchitectureforcompactnessandextensibilityDrawbacksofmanualTime-consumingandImpossibletotesteachfeature1BenefitsofBenefitsofAutomatedFast快速((QTPMainAdd-inDefaultAdd-VisualOtherAdd-.Netandmany

TestingRunningtheTestand yzingtheReporting2TypesofTypesofUsageofstepsdefinedwithintestcasestomanuallytesttheapplicationtoensurethatitfunctionsproperlyAutomationofthemanualtestingprocesstoallunattendedexecutionandensureSTLC–SoftwareTestingLife测试驱动开发的测试优先流程3 SomeSomeUseful Testing Questions& 一个 的测试框4 软件测试自动测试管理工(二

Thegatheringofdetailsaboutwhatneedstobedone,andhowtheapplicationshouldperformthosetasks.Actors: Products: FunctionalNon-functionalService-Level

High-leveldesignoftheapplicationtospecifyhowtheapplicationwillbecreated.s–UseCaseRealization Data1InvolveswritingthecodefortheapplicationInvolveswritingthecodefortheapplicationsoftwareplatformfromthedesignphase.Products:SoftwareReleasetheapplicationtousersandwhentheusersareusingthesoftware.Actors:SupportThetestingphasecoverstheprocessofplanningteststhatwillberunontheapplicationtoexamineitsfunctionality.Actors:QualityAssuranceProducts: TestTestScripts(automated

TestTestPlanIdentifierTestSoftwareRiskFeaturestobeFeaturesnottobeItemPass/FailEntry&ExitSuspensionCriteriaandResumptionTestRemainingTestEnvironmentalStaffingandTrainingPlanningRisksand2TestTestTestTestPre-conditionListofPost-conditionTestTestingTypesIfyou’retestinghowtheapplicationrespondsundernormalIfyou’retestinghowtheapplicationrespondsunderhighSmoke/Pre-UserIfyou’redecidingwhethertheapplicationisEndIfyou’retestingwithactualTestingbeforetheentirepiecesareTestingaftertheentirepiecesareEarlystageofsystemLatestageofsystemTestingTestingIfyou’reusingaIfyou’reNOTusingaWhitebox/GlassIfyouhaveaccesstothesourceBlackIfyoudon’thaveaccesstothesourceIfyou’retestingthesourcecode(functionIfyou’retestingtherequirementsAd-Ifyoudon’thaveatestIfyou’retestinghowtheapplicationTestingTypesTestinghowtheapplicationComparing2versionstoseewhatHowfriendlyisthe3名说黑盒测基于软件需求，而不是基于软件设计和程序实现的测试方式白盒测基于软件设计和程序实现的测试方式单元测一由开发非测试来集成测将一些构件构件功能测般由独立测试执。系统测测试软件系统是否符合所有需求，包括功能性需求与非功能求。一般由独立测试执行，通常采用黑盒测试方式回归测指错误被修正后或软件功能、环境发生变化后进行的重新测归测试的在于不好确定哪些内容应当被重新测试验收测由客户或最终用户执试软件系统是否符合需求规格说明书名说测试软件系统的最大负载，超出此负载软件可能会失常概念上与负载测试相似，叫法不同况。易用性测测试软件是否易用，性比。一般要据很多用户安装与反安装测测试软件在“全部、部分、升级”等状况下的安装/反安装过程测试该系统从故障中恢复过来安全性测测试该系统防止侵入的能力兼容性测测试该系统与其它软件硬件兼容的比较测通过与同类产品比较，该系统的优点、缺点一种先期的用户测试，此时系统刚刚开发完成Beta一种后期的用户测试，此时系统已经通过测试，大部分误已经改正，即将正式

TestingEnhancingaRunningtheTestand ReportingQuickTestProfessional-Record&RunModesRecordingLowRun4CreateaCreateabasictestfromamanualtestRunatestandcheckfor自动化测试工Winrunner（功能测试Loadrunner（性能负载测试Testdirector（测试流程管理QuickTestProfessional（功能测试IBM公QACenter,包括QARun,QAload,QADirector微软WAS(WEB服务器负载测试)，ACT（微软的VisualStudioVisualStudio.NET带的一套进行程序测试的工具

RationalTest工具用途软件（执行文件称用主要用于创建新的PROJECT，包括需求(RequestPro、测试(TestManager)、及缺陷(ClearQuest)的数据库创建并建立关联变更管理及缺ClearQuest工具，主要用于创建、修改、删ClearQuest的ClearQuest工具,主要用 某一指定Connect/Schema的用户 权限及其他属性定（如缺陷等级）测试计划制定及LicenseKeyRational管理软件（执行文名称用白盒测试工具，用于内存泄漏白盒测试工具，用于性能瓶颈PurifyPlusFor包括以上三个工具，不过是For需求分析自动测试工具，类似WINRUNNDER，加上VT可以做并发测试SoDAfor报表生成工具，需要VBA测试。一般不直接运行，运行后SoDA在word中增加了菜单，可以进行模板设计。可靠性测试，非常耗时5QuickTestProfessionalQuickTestQuickTestProfessional界QuickTestProfessional界6QuickTestProfessionalQuickTestProfessionalQuickTestProfessionalQuickTestQuickTestProfessional界QuickTestProfessional界7QuickTestStandard

QuickTestAutomationQuickTestEditBar

QuickTest8QuickTestDebug

QuickTestViewQuickTestTools

QuickTestAction9软件测试自动测试管理工(三QuickTestProfessional检查DescriptionChecksvaluesofanobject’sImageChecksthepropertyvaluesofanCheckthattheimagesourcefileisCheckthatthevalueinatablecellisPageChecksthecharacteristicsofaWebCheckhowlongaWgetakestoloadorifaWgecontainsbrokenlinks.ChecksthatatextstringisdisplayedintheappropriateplaceinaWgeorapplicationwindow.CheckwhethertheexpectedtextstringisdisplayedintheexpectedlocationonaWgeordialogbox.ChecksanareaofaWgeorapplicationaftercapturingitasaCheckthataWge(oranyportionofit)isdisplayedChecksthecontentsofdatabasesaccessedbyanapplicationorWebsite.CheckthatthevalueinadatabasequeryisIdentifiesareasofaWebsitetocheckforSection508compliancy.CheckiftheimagesonaWgeincludeALTproperties,requiredbytheW3CWebChecksthedontentofNote:XMLfilecheckpointsareusedtocheckaXMLfile;XMLapplicationcheckpointsareusedtocheckanXMLwithinaWge.

CheckpointWebSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSXML(WSXMLSSSSS—NS—NotNA—NotStandardCheckpoint1Checkpointpropertiesdialog检查点属

TextCheckpoint文本检被检查内属性属属性Checkpointpropertiesdialog检查点属 Theicon indicatesthatthevalueofthepropertyiscurrentlyaconstant.The indicatesthatthevalueofthepropertycurrentlyatestoractionTheicon indicatesthatthevalueofthepropertyiscurrentlyaDataTableparameter.Theicon indicatesthatthevalueofthepropertyiscurrentlyanenvironmentvariableparameter.The indicatesthatthevalueoftheproperty

BitmapCheckpoint位图检2 QuickTestDatabaseDatabaseCheckpoint数据库检查(续DatabaseCheckpoint数据库检查(续3DatabaseDatabaseCheckpoint数据库检查(续4(四(四ConfiguringValue设定值(续TextConfiguringConfiguringValue可选常量配置文本选TextConfiguringValue设定值(续1ConfiguringValue设定值(续 正则表达式（regularexpression）就是用一个“字符串”来描述一个特征，然后去验证另一个“字符串”是否符合这个特征。达式“ab+”描述的特征是“一个‘a’意‘b’”，那么‘ab’,‘abb’,‘abbbbbbbbbb’都符合这个特征。正则表达式可以用来 验证字符串是否符合指定特征，比如验证是否是合法的邮件地2用来查找字符串，从一个长的文本中查找符合指定特征的字符串，比查找固定字串更加灵活方便 用来替换，比普通的替换更强大正则表达式学习起来其实是很简单的，不多的几个较为抽象的概念也很容易理。之所以很多人感觉则表达式比复杂，一方是因为大多的文档没有到由入深地讲解，概念上有注意先后序，给读者理解带来 ；另一方面各擎自带的文档一般都介绍它特有功能，然而部分特有的能并不是我首先要理。RegularExpressions正则表达 RegularExpressions正则表达式(续➤UsingtheBackslashCharacter(\➤MatchingAnySingleCharacter(.➤MatchingAnySingleCharacterinaList([xy]➤MatchingAnySingleCharacterNotinaList([^xy]➤MatchingAnySingleCharacterwithinaRange([x-y]➤MatchingZeroorMoreSpecificCharacters(*➤MatchingOneorMoreSpecificCharacters(+➤MatchingZeroorOneSpecificCharacter(?➤ RegularExpressions(()➤MatchingOneofSeveralRegularExpressions(|➤MatchingtheBeginningofaLine(^➤ ofaLine($➤MatchingAnyAlphaNumericCharacterIncludingtheUnderscore(\w➤MatchingAnyNon-AlphaNumericCharacter(\W

正则表达式规普通都是普通字符之相同的一个字符。举例""，在匹配字符串"bd"时配到的内容是：。0开始还是从）举例2：表达式"bcd"，在匹配字符串"abcde"时，匹配结果是：成功；•••• /regexl 2RegularRegularExpressions正则表达式(续RegularExpressions正则表达式(续3RightclicktheactionyouchoosethenselectActionTherearefourtypesoffromyourtest.Actionparametersenableyoutopassvaluesfromotheractionsinyourtest.➤DataTableparameters—Enableyoutocreateadata-driventest(oraction)thatrunsseveraltimesusingthedatayousupply.Ineachrepetition,oriteration,QuickTestusesadifferentvaluefromtheDataTable.othersourcesduringtherunsession.Thesemaybevaluesyousupply,orvaluesthatQuickTestgeneratesforyoubasedonconditionsandoptionsyou➤Randomnumberparameters—Enableyoutoinsertrandomnumbersasvaluesinyourtest.Forexample,tocheckhowyourapplicationhandlessmallandlargeticketorders,youcanhaveQuickTestgeneratearandomnumberandinsertitinanumberofticketseditbox.ParameterizingTests参数化测试(续Ifthisactionistheactionyounamed.Youcanrenamenameofaction4可选类型 Boolean Number DefineinputandoutputAddinputoroutputAddnewrepositoriesthatParameterizingTests参数化测试(续5(五(五WhatisQualityQualityCenterisatestmanagementQualityCenterhelpsyouorganizeandmanageallphasesoftheapplicationtestingprocess,includingspecifyingtestingrequirements,planningtests,executingtests,andtrackingCurrentlyavailableasaplug-inforQualityVersion6andearlierwerestandalonedesktopVersion7wasastandalonewebVersion8and8.2werestandardwebapplicationasfamousasTesterDirector.Version9andlaterchangenametoQualityWorksonanybrowserthatsupportsActiveXIntegrateswithotherMercuryQualityQualityCenter9.0测试管理工WhatQualityCenterisQualityCenterisNOTagatheringQualityCenterisNOTanautomatedtestingothernon-Mercury1QualityCenterQualityCenter9.0SpecifyPlanTests:CreateatestExecuteTests:Createtest程序会在很短的时间内自动程序会在很短的时间内自动安装QualityCenter9需要的所有插件ManageDQualityCenterQualityCenter9.0

IEIE第第一次运行时，需要安装QualityCenter9的插件。在确认插件是来自MercuryInteractive公司之后，点击Install按钮。2缺陷管测试执测缺陷管测试执测试计测试需QualityCenterQualityCenterMain用户名用户名:或没点击Authenticate 测试业测试业务组用户登录PlanTestD

DefineScope:Usestodetermineyourtestingscope—testgoalsandobjectives.CreateRequirements:BuildarequirementstreetoDD

DefineTestSubjects:DivideyourapplicationintomodulesorfunctionstobeDTestDefineTestCases:Determinethetypesoftestsyouneedforea odule.AddabasicdefinitionofeachDTesteachtestwithatestingrequirements.DesignTestSteps:Developeachrequirement,assignitaprioritylevel,andaddatta entsif

whichteststoAutomateTests:Forteststhatyoudecidetoautomate,createtestscriptswithaMercuryInteractivetestingtool,oracustomorthird-partytestingtool.

reportsandgraphstoassistinyzingyourtesting

Test

yzeTestCases:ReviewyourteststodeterminetheirsuitabilitytoyourtestingTestPlanTestPlanTestLab4TestLabTestRunTestsRunTestsManua

DefectsAddDAddDefects:ReportAddDDReviewDRepairOpenDefects:Developerscorrectdefectsassignedtothem.DefectsTestNewBuild:TestDefectsNew yzeDefectData:Generatereportstoassistin yzingtheprogressofdefectrepairs,andtohelpdeterminewhentoNewCreateTestSets:DefinegroupsofCreateTestSets:Definegroupsofteststomeetthevarioustestinggoalsinyourproject.DeterminewhichteststoincludeineachtestScheduleRuns:automatedtestsforRunTests:Executethetestsinyourtestsetautomaticallyor yzeTestResults:Viewtheresultsofyourtestrunsinordertodeterminewhetheradefecthasbeendetectedinyourapplication.DefectsDefects界感谢在座的各位5软件测试自动测试管理工(六

D

DefineScope:Usestodetermineyourtestingscope—testgoalsandobjectives.CreateRequirements:BuildarequirementstreetoDDetailRequirements:Describeeachrequirement,assignitD reportsandgraphstoassistinyzingyourtestingTestManagementSpecifyPlanTests:CreateatestManageDTrackDefects:ReportdefectsdetectedinyourapplicationandtrackhowManageD

1Defining

requirementsDefiningDefiningCreatingtestsfromSelecttherequirement(s)youwishtoSelectRequirementConverttoTestsConvertSelectedRequirement2CreatingtestsCreatingtestsfromrequirements3.SelectAutomatic４.ManuallychangestotheautomaticCreatingtestsfromrequirements5.CreateCreatingtests

PlanPlanTestDefineTestSubjects:DivideyourapplicationintomodulesorfunctionstobeDefineTestCases:Determinethetypesoftestsyouneedforea odule.Addabasicdefinitionofeachtesttothetestplaneachtestwithatestingrequirements.DefineDesignTestSteps:DevelopDefine

eofeachtest.Decidewhichteststoautomate.AutomateTests:Forteststhatyoudecidetoautomate,createtestscriptswithaMercuryInteractivetestingtool,oracustomorthird-partytestingtool. yzeTestCases:ReviewyourteststodeterminetheirsuitabilitytoyourtestingMM3GeneratingAutomatedTestThetypicalapplicationistoolargeThetypicalapplicationistoolargetotestasawhole.TheTestPlanmoduleenablesyoutodivideyourapplicationaccordingtofunctionality.Youdivideyourapplicationintounits,orsubjects,bycreatingatestplantree.Thetestplantreeisagraphicalrepresentationofyourtestplan,displayingyourtestsaccordingtothehierarchicalrelationshipoftheirfunctions.Afteryoudefinesubjectsinthetree,youdecidewhichteststocreateforeachsubject,andaddthemtothetree.DesigningDesigningTestGeneratingAutomatedTestAfteryouaddatesttothetestplantreeanddefinebasictestinformation,youdefineteststeps—detailed,step-by-stepinstructionsthatspecifyhowtoexecuteatest.Astepincludestheactionstobeperformedonyourapplicationandtheexpectedresults.Youcancreateteststepsforbothmanualandautomatedtests.Formanualtests,youcompletetestplanningbydesigningtheteststeps.Usingyourplan,youcanbegintestexecutionimmediay.Forautomatedtests,youcreateanautomatedtestscriptusingaMercurytestingtool,acustomtestingtool,orathird-partytestingtool.

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PythonWQuickTest Java VB PerlW4TestLabAfteryoudesigntestsAfteryoudesigntestsintheTestPlanmodule,youcreateatestsetstree.Atestsetstreeenablesyoutoorganizeyourtestingprocessbygrou setsinfoldersandorganizingthemindifferenthierarchicallevelsintheTestLabmodule.Testsetscanincludebothmanualandautomatedtests.You soincludethesametestindifferenttestsetsoraddafewtestinstancestothesametestset.Todecidewhichtestsetstocreate,thinkaboutthetestinggoalsyoudefinedatthebeginningofthetestingprocess.Considerissuessuchasthecurrentstateoftheapplicationandtheadditionormodificationofnewfeatures.TestLabTestCreateTestSets:Definegroupsofteststomeetthevarioustestinggoalsinyourproject.DeterminewhichteststoincludeTestScheduleRuns:Scheduleautomatedtestsforexecution.ManuaRunTestsManuaRunTests yzeTestResults:Viewtheresultsofyourtestrunsinorderto

determinewhetheradefecthasbeendetectedinyourapplication.5Defects DefectsQuestions&感谢在座的各位DefectsAddDAddDefects:ReportAddDdetectedinyourDefectsReviewDefectsRepairOpenDefects:Developerscorrectdefectsassignedt