2018届上海市长宁区高三下学期教学质量检测(二模)英语试题

页页第2018届上海市长宁区高三下学期教学质量检测(二模)英语试题AGreatFriendshipThomasJeffersonandJamesMadisonmetin1776.Couldithavebeenanyotheryear?TheyworkedtogetherandstartedtofurtherAmericanRevolutionandlatertoshapetheofficialnewplanofgovernment,21(develop)aclosefriendship,whichlastedfor50years.Therewere22(share)purposesandacommonendonbothsides.Fourandahalfmonths23___hedied,whenhewasillandworriedabouthisfamily,Jeffersonwrotetohislongtimefriend.HiswordsandMadison'sreplyremindusthatfriendsarefriendstilldeath.“Thefriendshipwhich24(exist)betweenusforhalfacentury,theharmonyofourpoliticalprinciplesandpursuitshavebeensourcesofconstanthappinesstomethroughthatlongperiod.It'salsobeenagreatcomforttome25(believe)thatyouareengagedinvindicating(证实)totheyoungergenerationthecoursethatwe'vepursuedforpreservingtothem.Ifevertheearthhasnoticedasystemofadministrationconductedwith26singleandkeeneyetothegeneralinterestandhappinessofthosecommittedto,itmustbethesystemprotectedbytruth,to___27ourliveshavebeendevoted.Tomyself,youhavebeenagreatsupporterthroughoutlife.TakecareofmewhendeadandbeassuredthatIshouldleavewithyoumylastAffections.”Aweeklater,Madisonreplied.“Youcannotlookback28thelongperiodofourprivatefriendshipandpoliticalharmonywithmoreaffectingrecollectionsthanIdo.29theyareasourceofpleasuretoyou,itisthesametome.Wecannotbedeprived(失去)ofthehappyconsciousnessofthepuredevotiontothepublicgoodandIhaveconfidence30sufficientevidencewillfinditswaytoanothergenerationtoensure,afterwearegone,whateverofjusticemaybewithheldwhilewearehere.”SectionB・analysisB.usuallyC.assuresD.poursE.developmentF.necessaryG.cloudyH.absentI.cultivateJ.allowK.extremelyHeiskindlyTheothereveningatadancingclubayoungmanintroducedmetoMr.andMrs.F.ScottFitzgerald,andScottseemedtohavechangedalotfromthefirsttimeImethimatPrinceton,whenhewasaneagerundergraduatetryinghisbestto__31__himselfintoagreatauthor.Heisstilltryinghardtobeagreatauthor.Heisatworknowonanovelwhichhiswife__32__meisfarbetterthanThisSideofParadise,butlikemostofouryoungernovelistshefindsit__33__toproduceacertainnumberofshortstoriestomakethewheelsgoaround.ThatTheVegetable,hisplay,didnotreceiveaManhattanpresentationseemstohavedisappointedratherthandiscouragedhim.Heisstill__34__light-hearted.Ihavealwaysconsideredhimthemostbrilliantofouryoungernovelists.Notoneofthemcantoughhisstyle,northesuperbqualityofhissatire(讽刺).Hehasyettoputtheminanovelwithcarefulnessofconceptionand__35__ofcharacter.Hecanbecomealmostanykindofwriterthathispeculiarlyrestlesscharacterwill__36__.BorninSt.Paul,heattendedPrinceton,servedintheArmy,wrotehisfirstnovelinatrainingcamp,achievedfameandfortune,marriedaSoutherngirl,hasachildandlivesinNewYork.Atheart,heisoneofthekindliestoftheyoungerwriters.ArtistrymeansagreatdealtoF.ScottFizgerald,andintohisownbestworkhe__37__greatefforts.Hedemandsthisintheworkofothers,andwhenhedoesnotfindithecriticizeswithpassionateearnestness.Ihaveknownhim,afterreadingayoungfellow-novelist'sbook,totakewhatmusthavebeenhoursoftimetowritehimalengthy,careful__38__.Justwhathewillwriteinthefutureremains__39__.Withafirmerreputationthanthatoftheotheryoungpeople,heyetseemstometohaveachievedratherlessthanRobertNathanandrathermorethanStephenVincentBenet,CyrilHume.Hiscomingnovelshouldmeanadefinitepredictionforfuturework.Itistobehopedthatfromitwillbe__40__theseeminglyunavoidablemoderngirls.ReadingComprehensionSectionAStandardsforSchools:DevelopingOrganizationalAccountability绩效）Qualityteachingdependsonnotjustteacher'sknowledgeandskillsbutontheenvironmentinwhichtheywork.Schoolsneedtoofferacoherentcurriculumfocusedonhigher-orderthinkingandperformanceacrosssubjectareasandgrades,timeforteacherstowork__41__withstudentstoaccomplishchallenginggoals,opportunitiesforteacherstoplanwithandlearnfromoneanother,andregularoccasionstoevaluatetheoutcomesoftheir__42__.Ifschoolsaretobecomemoreresponsible,theymust,likeotherprofessionalorganizations,makeevaluationandassessmentpartoftheireverydaylives.Justashospitalshavestandingcommitteesofstaffthatmeetregularlytolookatevaluationdataanddiscussthe__43__ofeachaspectoftheirwork-apracticereinforcedbytheiraccreditation（评定）requirements,-schoolsmusthaveregularoccasionstoexaminetheirpracticeandeffectiveness.AsRichardRothsteinandcolleaguesdescribeinGradingEducation:GettingAccountabilityRight,school-levelaccountabilitycanbesupportedbyschool__44__,likethosecommoninmanyothernations,inwhichtrainedexpertsevaluateschoolsbyspendingseveraldaysvisitingclassrooms,__45__samplesofstudentwork,andinterviewingstudentsabouttheirunderstandingandtheirexperiences,__46__lookingatobjectivedatasuchastestscores,graduationrates,andsoon.Insomecases,principalsaccompanytheinspectorsintoclassroomsandareaskedfortheirownevaluationsofthelessons.Inthisway,theinspectorsareabletomake__47__abouttheinstructionalandsupervisorycompetence（能力）forprincipals.Asdescribedearlier,inspectorsmayalsoplayaroleinensuringthe__48__andcomparabilityofschool-basedassessments（asinEnglandandAustralia）,aswellasschool'sinternalassessmentandevaluationprocess（asinHongKong）.Inmostcountries'inspectionsystems,schoolsareratedonthequalityofinstructionandotherservicesandsupports,aswellasstudents'__49__andprogressonawiderangeofaspects,includingandgoingbeyondacademicsubjectareas,suchasextra-curricular,personalandsocial__50__,theacquisitionofworkplaceskillsandthe__51__towhichstudentsareencouragedtoadoptsafepracticesanda__52__lifestyle.Schoolsareratedastowhethertheypassinspection,needmodestimprovements,orrequireseriousintervention介入），andtheyreceiveextensivefeedbackonwhattheinspectorsbothsawand__53__.Reportsarepubliclyposted.Schoolsrequiringinterventionarethengivenmoreexpert__54__andsupport,andareplacedonamorefrequentscheduleofvisits.Thosethatpersistentlyfailtopassmaybeplacedunderlocalgovernmentcontrolandcouldbe__55__iftheyarenotimproved.41.A.occasionallyB.closelyC.strictlyD.peacefully42.A.challengesB.competenceC.curriculumD.practices43.A.effectivenessB.faultsC.progressD.requirements44.A.instructionB.protectionC.inspectionD.consideration45.A.takingB.improvingC.examiningD.copying46.A.asfarasB.ratherthanC.otherthanD.aswellas47.A.judgmentsB.decisionsC.inquiriesD.suggestions48.A.quantityB.qualityC.instructionD.support49.A.educationB.performanceC.attentionD.interest

50.A.responsibilityB.structureC.resourcesD.benefits51.A.frequencyB.consistenceC.satisfactionD.extent52.A.comparableB.healthyC.differentD.unique53.A.appreciatedB.criticizedC.recommendedD.rewarded54.A.attentionB.programsC.evaluationD.explanations55.A.setdownB.putdownC.closeddownD.pulleddownSectionB22%（A）NATIONALGEOGRAPHICNEWSHumanAnimalNewsAncientWorldSpaceTechCultureHumanAnimalNewsAncientWorldSpaceTechCultureWarningfromExpertsAgrowingamountofhuman-madeorbitaldebris（太空轨道残骸）一fromrocketstagesandout-of-datesatelliteiscirclingtheEarth.Scientistssaytheorbitaldebris,betterknownasspacejunk,posesanincreasingthreattospaceactivities.“Thisisagrowingenvironmentalproblem,”saidNicholasJonson,thechiefscientistandprogrammanagerfororbitaldebrisatNASA美国航空航天局）inHouston,Texas.Johnsonandhisteamhavedevelopedacomputermodelcapableofsimulatingpastandfutureamountsofspacejunk.Themodelpredictsthatevenwithoutfuturerocketorsatellitelaunches,theamountofdebrisinloworbitaroundEarthwillremainsteadythrough2055,afterwhichitwillincrease.Whilecurrenteffortshavefocusedolimitingfuturespacejunk,thesescientistssayremovinglargepiecesofoldspacejunkwillsoonbenecessary.Sincethefirstlaunchofsatellitein1957,humanshavebeengeneratingspacejunk.TheU.S.SpaceSurveillanceNetworkiscurrentlytrackingover13,000human-madeobjectslargerthantencentimetersindiameterorbitingtheEarth.“Ofthe13000objects,over40percentcamefrombreakupsofbothspacecraftandrocketbodies,”Johnsonsand.Inaddition,therearehundredsofthousandsofsmallerobjectsinspace.Theseincludeeverythingfrompiecesofplastictobitsofpaint.Muchofthissmallerjunkhascomefromexplodingrocketstages.Stagesaresectionsofarocketthathavetheirownfuelorengines.Theseobjectstravelatspeedsover35,000kilometersanhour.Atsuchhighspeed,evensmalljunkcantearholesinaspacecraftordisableasatellitebycausingelectricalshortsthatresultfromcloudsofsuperheatedgas.Johnsonbelievesitmaybetimetothinkabouthowtoremovejunkfromspace.Previousproposalsrangefromsendingupspacecraftstograbjunkandbringitdowntousinglaserstoslowanobject'sorbittocauseittofallbacktoEarthmorequickly.Givencurrenttechnology,thoseproposalsappearneithertechnicallynoreconomicallypractical,“Spacejunkislikeanyenvironmentalproblem.“Johnsonadmits.“It'sgrowing.Ifyoudon'tdealwithitnow,itwillonlybecomeworse,andthesolutionsinthefuturearegoingtobeevenmorecostly.”Whatisthispassagemainlytalkingabout?AdvancedtechnologyisusedtoremovespacesjunkNASAisresponsiblefortheenvironmentalproblem.CleaningupthespacejunkisgreatlyneededHumanactivitiesgeneratemuchorbitaldebrisWhichofthefollowingisnotmentionedinthepassage?Rocketlaunchesproducemoredebristhansatellitelaunches

Spacejunkisendangeringhumanbeings'spaceactivitiesIt'snecessarytocleanupthelargepiecesofoldspacejunkEvenatinypieceofspacejunkcandestroyaspacecraftWhatdoesJohnthinkofthepreviousproposalstograbspacejunkandbringitdowntotheearth?ReasonableB.UnbelievableC.ReliableD.Impractical(B)ABCNews:ParentswhowanttopickuptheirkidsatschoolinoneNewJerseydistrictnowcansubmittoiris(虹膜)scans,asthetechnologythathelpskeepournation'sairportsandhotelssafebeginstomakeitswayfurtherintoAmericanlives.Whenpickingupachild,theadultprovidesadriverslicenseandthensubmitstoaneyescan・Whenpickingupachild,theadultprovidesadriverslicenseandthensubmitstoaneyescan・Iftheirisimagecamerarecognizeshisorhereyes,thedoorclicksopen.Asmanyasfouradultscanbeauthorizedtopickupeachchildinthedistrict,butinordertobeauthorizedtocomeintoschool,theywillbeaskedtoregisterwiththedistrict'sirisrecognitionsecurityandvisitormanagementsystem.Atthispoint,theNewJerseyprogramisnotamust.Ifsomeonetriestoslipinbehindanauthorizedperson,thesystemcausesanalarmandredflashinglightsinthefrontoffice.Theentireprocesstakesjustseconds.ThiskindoftechnologyisalreadyatworkinairportsaroundthecountrylikeOrlandoInternationalAirport,wheretheprogramhasbeeninoperationsinceJuly.Ithas12,000subscriberswhopay$79.95fortheconvenienceofsubmittingtoirisscansratherthangoingthroughlengthysecuritychecks.Anirisscanissaidtobemoreaccuratethanafingerprintbecauseitrecords240uniquedetails—farmorethantheseventotwenty-fourdetailsthatareanalyzedinfingerprints.Thechancesofbeingmisidentifiedbyanirisscanareaboutonein1.2millionandjustonein1.44trillionifyouscanbotheyes.PhilMeara,theFreeholdDistrictofficial,saidthatalthoughitwasexpensive,theprogramwouldhelpschoolsacrossthecountrymoveintoanewfrontierinchildprotection.“Thisisallpartofalargeremphasis,hereinNewJersey,onschoolsafety,”hesaid.“Wechosethisschoolbecausewewerelookingforatypicalslightlyurbanschooltolaunchthesystem.”Mearaappliedfora$369,000grantonbehalfoftheschooldistrictandhadtheeyescannersinstalledintwogrammarschoolsandonemiddleschool.Sofar,300ofthenearly1,500individualsavailabletopickupastudentfromschoolhaveregisteredfortheeyescansystem.WhydoestheFreeholdBoroughSchoolDistrictadopttheeyescansecuritysystem?Toensuretheschoolsafetyandefficiencyofpickingupchildren.ToencouragemorestudentstoregisterinNewJerseyurbanschools.Totesttheeffectivenessofschoolsecurityandmanagementsystem.Tocollecttheinformationofthechildrenandtheirbelovedparents.What'stheadvantageoftheeyescansystemoverfingerprints?Havingmanymoresubscribersthroughoutthecountry.Authorizingtheadultstopickupchildrenmoreflexibly.Attractingparentsinalargerproportiontoregisterforit.Makingalmostnomistakesinidentifyingtheauthorized.HowdoesPhilMearahelptoprotectthesafetyofchildren?Byaskingpeopletoregisterwiththesecuritysystem.Byapplyingforgranttoinstalleyescannersinschools.Byaskingthedepartmentofjusticetofundthisprogram.ByturningtoOrlandoInternationalAirportforhelp.Whatisthebesttitleofthispassage?ParentsFavortheEyeScanSystemB.SecurityManagementNeedsImproving.C.HighTechnologyComestoSchoolD.IrisScannersareInventedintheCountry.(C)DustyNash,anangelic-lookingblondchildofseven,awokeat5onerecentmorninginhisChicagohomeandbegantothrowafit.Hecriedandkicked.Everymuscleinhis50-1b.bodyflewinviolentmotion.Finally,afterabout30minutes,DustyPulledhimselftogethersufficientlytoheaddownstairsforbreakfast.Whilehismotherwasbusyinthekitchen,theextremelyexcitedchildpulledaboxofKixcerealfromthecupboardandsatonachair.Butsittingstillwasnoteasythismorning.Aftergrabbingsomecerealwithhishands,hebegankickingthebox,scatteringlittleroundcompuffsacrosstheroomNextheturnedhisattentiontotheTVset,orrather,thetablesupportingit.Thetablewascoveredwithacheck-boardCon-Tactpaper,andDustybeganpeelingitoff.Thenhebecameinterestedinthespilledcerealandstartedsmashingitintobits.Itwasonly7:30,andhismotherKyleNash,whoteachesamedical-schoolcourseondeathanddying,wasalreadyfeelinghalfdeadfromexhaustion.Dustywastoseehisdoctorsthatdayat4,andtheyhadaskedhernottogivetheboythedrugheusuallytakestocontrolhisextremeexcitementandattentionproblems,aconditionknownasattentiondeficithyperactivitydisorder(ADHD).ItwasgoingtobeaverylongdaywithouthelpfromRitain,apowerfuldrugwhichsomepeopletakeforpleasure,butwhichtheycanbecomeaddictedto.KarenneBloomgardenrememberssuchdaysalltoowellThespirited,43-year-oldbossandgymteacherwasadisasterasachildgrowingupinNewJersey.Ididverypoorlyinschool"sherecalls.Herteachersandparentswereconstantlyonhercasefortoughbehavior."TheyjustfeltIwasbeingbadtooloud,toophysical,tooeverything"Anaughtytomboywithfewfriends,shesawapsychologistatage10."butnobodycameupwithadiagnosis".Asateenagershebeganprescribingherownmedication:marijuana,andlatercocaine.TheathleticBloomgardenmanagedtogetintocollege,butsheadmitsthatshecheatedherwaytoadiploma"Iwouldstudyandstudy,andIwouldn'trememberathing.Ireallyfeltitwasmyfault.”Aftergraduating,shedidfineinphysicallyactivejobsbutwasanxiousaboutadministrativework.Then,fouryeasago,adoctorputalabelonhertroubles:ADHD.“It'sbeensuchaweighoffmyshoulders"saysBloomgarden,whotakesbothstimulantRitalinandtheantidepressantZolofttoimproveherconcentration.“Ihad38yearsofthinkingIwasabadperson.NowI'mrewritingthetapesofwhoIthoughtIwastowhoIreallyam.”Whatdoesthephrase“throwafit"inthe1stparagraphprobablymean?turnoneselfaroundcasuallyB.falldowntothegroundcarelesslyC.loseone'stempersuddenlyD.shoutandcomplainloudlyWhydidDustyNashmesstheroom?A.HewasreluctanttolistentohismotherHecouldn'tfocusonanythingforawhileHeforgottotakethemedicineheusuallytookHewasafraidtoseethedoctorwithhismother.ThepassageischieflyconcernedwithA.thevisiblesymptomsofthediseaseADHDtheprecisedefinitionofthediseaseADHDDusty'sexperiencesinhischildhoodandcollegeKarenne'sconfessingofcheatingtogetadiplomaWhatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A.Dustywenttoseehisprivatedoctoreveryweekinthepastyears.Dusty'smothertookcareofhimtillhewasadmittedtoacollegeApsychologistexaminedKarenneandcuredherseriousdisease.Karennedidn'tknowherselfwelluntilshewasdiagnosedwithADHDSectionCSomeexpertsthinkthatthewealthgainedfromtradeallowedforsuchleisureinsportsandthearts.Expertsbelievethatakingandmostlyafemalepriestruledthegovernmentandcontrolledtrade.InancientGreekmyths,Minoansocietywasquiteprosperousandhighlycivilized.ThepalacethatEvansunearthedacenturyagowasthefirstproofofMinoanculture.Minoanculturedidn'texistbeforeuntilArthurEvansdiscoveredthepalaceundertheearth.Althoughnotyetdecoded,writtenscriptonclaytabletsappearstolisttradeaccounts.TheMinoans:AForgottenPeopleThefirstadvancedcultureinancientGreecewastheMinoanculture.Forthousandsofyears,knowledgeofthesepeoplesurvivedonlyinGreekmyths.Inthelate19thcentury,archaeologistsbegantounearthruins.ThisinspiredArthurEvanstobegindiggingontheislandofCretenearmainlandGreece.OnadiginKbossos,Evansfoundanancientpalace.ExpertsthinkthatitwasthepalaceofKingMinos,acentralfigureinmanyGreekmyths.67Withhisteam,heuncoveredavaststructure,variedworksofart,andmanyhieroglyphicrecords,Thesefinds,togetherwithlaterfinds,compriseallthatexpertsknowaboutMinoanculture.Fromtheevidenceexpertsgathered,itisclearthattheMinoanswereaheadoftheirtime.ThepalaceatKnossoswasfivefloorshighwithhundredsofrooms.Buildingsthroughouttheancientcityhadplumbingandflushtoilets.Stonepavementlinedthesurfacesoftheroads.Inaddition,theMinoanspossessedahighlydevelopednavalfleetforlong-distancetrade.68Theserecordsconfirmthecentralroleofcommerceinculture.ExpertanalysisoftheevidencealsooffersinsightintosomeaspectsofMinoansociety.69Ruinsandartworksuggestthatpeopleofallclassesenjoyedahighdegreeofsocialandgenderequality.ReligiousiconsshowthatMinoansworshipedbulls,thenaturalworld,andmanyfemalegods.AnunusualfeatureofMinoansculturewasthepursuitofleisureinterests.SportandvisualartswerecentraltoMinoanlife.Boxingandbulljumping,asportinwhichplayersjumpedoverlivebulls,werepopular.Althoughbulljumpingmayhaveservedsomeritualpurpose,expertsbelievethatitwasdonemostlyforfun.Similarly,althoughsomeworksofartshowedpoliticalandreligiousthemes,otherworksservedonlyaspleasantdecor（装饰品）.70TheMinoansmettheirdemiseafteraseriesofnaturaldisasters.ExpertsbelievethatgroupfromtheGreekmainlandcapitalizedontheseeventsandlookedovertheisland.SummaryWritingTheConflictoftheOrdersThetypesofpeoplewhoservedasofficialsintheRomangovernmentchangedovertime.Thesechangesstemmedfromtheattemptsofcommonpeopletomorerights.ThestrugglesbecameknownastheConflictoftheOrders.Intheearlyrepublic,Romansweredividedintotwoclassesofpeople:patriciansandplebeians.Patricianswerepowerfullandownerswhocontrolledthegovernment.Asnobles,theyinheritedtheirpower.Plebeians,whomadeupmostofthepopulation,weremainlyfarmersandworkers.Formanyyears,plebeianshadfewrights.Theycouldvote,buttheywerebarredfromholdingmostpublicoffices.PlebeianscouldnotevenknowRomanlawsbecauselawswerenotwrittendown.Incourt,ajudgestatedandappliedthelaw,butonlypatriciansservedasjudges.Overtime,plebeiansincreasedtheirpowerthroughdemandandstrikes.Theygainedtherighttojointhearmy,holdgovernmentoffice,formtheirownassembly,andelectleaders.Inoneoftheirgreatestvictories,theyforcedthegovernmenttowritedownthelawsoftheRomanRepublic.Inabout450,B.C.theRomansengravedtheirlawsontabletscalledt