2012考研英语完形强化课程

2012考研英语强化班完形填空讲主讲：完型填空是考研英语中多年来的一个稳定题型，变化不2000：150-180，102000：240-280，20完型是一个很科学的语言考试形式：考查考生从语法、词汇、阅读的全面能力，并且是在对文章整体把握的基础上进行考查。完型并不侧重偏词、难词完型的两大规根据完型题规律–完型的填空题可以进行标准化分类去“做完型如何“猜”ABCD四个选项基本上是平均分布，即每个选项基本上均有5会做的不会做的D1548（240-280右出题者有目的地在每隔一定数量的词语后去除一处词语，形成总共20处词要考生从四选中选出一个最佳（thebest）的答案。从命题形式分析命题思路:从完型填空题形式来看，20个填空不是孤立存基本解题思路:通过已知“猜”未知未知未知信（20处填空+已知信（即20处填空之外的原文“先对整体环境进行把握和理解决具体问先对已知信息进行把握和理未知信（线索完型解题的基本方法（理论）可以概括为相相关已知信息（提示线索）定位分索填字4-从题型的角从词性的角4812方法–针对完型中难度最高、占分值不大的金字塔尖的难题：一般的考生91012高端方-8种方法是针对大多数考题，占分值大的主流题：是大多数考完型标准填空题型一（完型中最基本的填空考题：逻辑关系定位法例题：199446题Thefirstandsmallestunitthatcanbediscussedinrelationtolanguageistheword.Inspeaking,thechoiceofwordsis41theutmostimportance.Properselectionwilleliminateonesourceof42breakdowninthecommunicationcycle.Toooften,carelessuseofwords43ameetingofthemindsofthespeakerandlistener.Thewordsusedbythespeakermay44unfavorablereactionsinthelistener45interferewithhiscomprehension;hence,thetransmission-receptionsystembreaksdown.46,inaccurateorindefinitewordsmaymake47difficultforthelistenertounderstandthe48whichisbeingtransmittedtohim.Thespeakerwhodoesnothavespecificwordsinhisworkingvocabularymaybe49toexplainordescribeina50thatcanbeunderstoodbyhislisteners.46.A.MoreoverB.HoweverC.PreliminarilyD.基础知识-10并列关&分常用标志词和短and,andalso,or,neither……nor,either……or,notonly……butalso,likewise,similarly,equally,inthesameway,thatistosay,aswellas,same……as;递进关&分常用标志词和短also,then,besides,additionally,inaddition,furthermore,moreover,whatismore;因果关&分常用标志词和短because,for,since,as,thus,hence,therefore,so,so…..that,such…..that,inorderthat,consequently,accordingly,dueto,thanksto,inresponseto,onaccountof,becauseof,consideringthat,seeingthat,inthat,nowthat,lest,asaresult,forthisreason;转折关&分常用标志词和短but,however,yet,contrarily,onthecontrary,bycontrast,ontheotherhand,unfortunay,infact,inreality,actually;让步关&分常用标志词和短although,though,eventhough,evenif,even,nevertheless,despite,inspiteof;regardlessof;anyway,anyhow列举（顺序）关&分常用标志词和短first\second\lastofall,inthefirstplace\inthesecondplace\finally,tobeginwith\tocontinue,first……then,ononehand……ontheotherhand,foronething……foranother,one……another,some……others……stillothers;对比关&分常用标志词和短while,whereas,as,/ratherthan,insteadof,not…..时间关&分常用标志词和短when,whenever,before,after,since,as,while,until,till,simultaneously,meanwhile,inthe ,atthesametime;条件关&分常用标志词和短if,onlyif,ifonly,unless,otherwise,assoonas,aslongas,incase,supposethat,supposingthat,providedthat,providingthat,when,whenever,with;举例关&分常用标志词和短suchas,forexample,forinstance,of(these,those,them),among(these,those,them),toillustrate,asanillustration,totakeanexample,morespecificallyspeaking,namely;例题：199446题–Thefirstandsmallestunitthatcanbediscussedinrelationtolanguageistheword.Inspeaking,thechoiceofwordsis41theutmostimportance.Properselectionwilleliminateonesourceof42breakdowninthecommunicationcycle.Toooften,carelessuseofwords43ameetingofthemindsofthespeakerandlistener.Thewordsusedbythespeakermay44unfavorablereactionsinthelistener45interferewithhiscomprehension;hence,thetransmission-receptionsystembreaksdown.46,inaccurateorindefinitewordsmaymake47difficultforthelistenertounderstandthe48whichisbeingtransmittedtohim.Thespeakerwhodoesnothavespecificwordsinhisworkingvocabularymaybe49toexplainordescribeina50thatcanbeunderstoodbyhislisteners.A.MoreoverB.HoweverC.PreliminarilyD.例题:199847题–UntilrecentlymosthistoriansspokeverycriticallyoftheIndustrialRevolution.They41thatinthelongrunindustrializationgreatlyraisedthestandardoflivingforthe42man.Buttheyinsistedthatits43resultsduringtheperiodfrom1750to1850werewidespreadpovertyandmiseryforthe44oftheEnglishpopulation.45contrast,theysawintheprecedinghundredyearsfrom1650to1750,whenEnglandwasstilla46agriculturalcountry,aperiodofgreatabundanceandprosperity.Thisview,47,isgenerallythoughttobewrong.Specialists48historyandeconomics,have49twothings:thattheperiodfrom1650to1750was50bygreatpoverty,andthatindustrializationcertainlydidnotworsenandmayhaveactuallyimprovedtheconditionsforthemajorityofthepopulace. 例题:199947题–Industrialsafetydoesnotjusthappen.Companies_41lowaccidentratesplantheirsafetyprograms,workhardtoorganizethem,andcontinueworkingtokeepthem42andactive.Whentheworkiswelldone,a43ofaccident-freeoperationsisestablished_44timelostduetoinjuriesiskeptataminimum.Successfulsafetyprogramsmay45greatlyintheemphasisplacedoncertainaspectsoftheprogram.Someplacegreatemphasisonmechanicalguarding.Othersstresssafeworkpracticesby_46rulesorregulations._47_othersdependonanemotionalappealtotheworker.But,therearecertainbasicideasthatmustbeusedineveryprogr8mif umresultsaretobeobtained.Therecanbenoquestionaboutthevalueofasafetyprogram.Fromafinancialstand-pointalone,safety_48.Thefewertheinjury49,thebettertheworkman'sinsurancerate.Thismaymeanthedifferencebetweenoperatingat_50orataloss.［A］Some［B］Many［C］Even例题:200434题–Familieshavealso(33)changestheseyears.Morefamiliesconsistofoneparenthouseholdsortwoworkingparents,(34),childrenarelikelytohavelesssupervisionathome(35)wascommoninthetraditionalfamily(36).Thislackofparentalsupervisionisthoughttobeaninfluenceonjuvenilecrimerates.Other(37)causesofoffensiveactsincludefrustrationorfailureinschool,theincreased(38)ofdrugsandalcohol,andthegrowing(39)ofchildabuseandchildneglect.Alltheseconditionstendtoincreasetheprobabilityofachildcommittingacriminalact,34.[A] [B] C] [D]例题:1997例题:199742题–ManpowerInc.,with560,000workers,istheworld'slargesttemporaryemploymentagency.Everymorning,itspeople41intotheofficesandfactoriesofAmerica,seekingaday'sworkforaday'spay.Onedayatatime.42industrialgiantslikeGeneralMotorsandIBMstruggletosurvive43reducingthenumberofemployees,Manpower,basedinMilwaukee,Wisconsin,isbooming. 例题:199748题–44itseconomycontinuestorecover,theUSisincreasingly inganationofparttimersandtemporaryworkers.This"45"workforceisthemostimportant46inAmericanbusinesstoday,anditis47changingtherelationshipbetweenpeopleandtheirjobs.Thephenomenonprovidesawayforcompaniestoremaingloballycompetitive48avoidingmarketcyclesandthegrowingburdens49byemploymentrules,healthcarecostsandpensionplans.Forworkersitcanmeananendtothesecurity,benefitsandsenseof50thatcamefrombeingaloyalemployee. 例题:200041题–Ifafarmerwishestosucceed,hemusttrytokeepawidegapbetweenhisconsumptionandhisproduction.Hemuststorealargetyofgrain41consumingallhisgrainimmediay.Hecancontinuetosupporthimselfandhisfamily42heproducesasurplus.Hemustusethissurplusinthreeways:asseedforsowing,asaninsurance43theunpredictableeffectsofbadweatherandasacommoditywhichhemustsellinorderto44oldagriculturalimplementsandobtainchemicalfertilizersto45thesoil.Hemayalsoneedmoneytoconstructirrigation46andimprovehisfarminotherways.Ifnosurplusisavailable,afarmercannotbe47.Hemusteithersellsomeofhispropertyor48extrafundsinformofloans.Naturallyhewilltrytoborrowmoneyatalow49ofinterest,butloansofthiskindarenot50［A］otherthan［B］aswellas［C］insteadof［D］more表达（特殊）insteadofrather例题:2001例题:200148题– ofthelettercametwodaysafterLordIrvinecauseda ofmediawhenhesaidthe ofprivacycontrolscontainedinEuropeanlegislationwouldbelefttojudges to［A］betterthan［B］otherthan［C］ratherthan［D］sooner例题:20题–theywilltakehomenottheproblemsofscienceandtechnology, benefit.20.[A] [B] [C] [D]例题:200131题–Theernmentistobanpaymentstowitnessesbynewspapersseekingtobuyuppeopleinvolvedinprominentcases31thetrialofRosemaryWest.［A］asto［B］forinstance［C］inparticular［D］such例题:200520题–Thebrainfindsitbesttokeepsmellreceptors thesmellofsmoke,whiightindicatethedangeroffire.20.[A]similar [B]such [C]along [D]aside例题:200328题–Teachersneedtobeawareoftheemotional,inlectual,andphysicalchangesthatyoungadultsexperience.Andtheyalsoneedtogiveserious21tohowtheycanbebest22suchchanges.Growingbodiesneedmovementand23,butnotjustinwaysthatemphasizecompetition.24theyareadjustingtotheirnewbodiesandawholehostofnewinlectualandemotionalchallenges,teenagersareespeciallyself-consciousandneedthe25thatcomesfromachievingsuccessandknowingthat plishmentsare26byothers.However,thetypicalteenagelifestyleisalreadyfilledwithsomuchcompetitionthatitwouldbe27toplanactivitiesinwhichtherearemorewinnersthanlosers,28,publishingnewsletterswithmanystudent-writtenbookreviews,29studentartwork,andsponsoringbookdiscussionclubs.Avarietyofsmallclubscanprovide30opportunitiesforleadership,aswellasforpracticeinsuccessful31dynamics.Makingfriendsisextremelyimportanttoteenagers,andmanyshystudentsneedthe 32ofsomekindoforganizationwithasupportiveadult33visibleinthebackground.28.A.in B.asa C.for D.ina例题:201015题–Itturnsoutthatparticularwayofconductingtheexperimentsmayhaveledto interpretationofwhathappened.15,lightingwasalwayschangedonSunday.WhenworkstartedagainonMonday,output rosecomparedwiththepreviousSaturday

17_toriseforthenextcoupleof

acomparisonwithdataforweekswhentherewasnoexperimentationshowedthatoutputalwayswentuponMonday.Workers19tobediligentforthefirstfewdaysoftheworkingweekinanycase,before20_aplateauandthenslackeningoff.Thissuggeststhatthealleged“Hawthorneeffect“ishardtopindown.15.[A]In [B]For [C]In [D]As例题:199650题–48enoughvitaminsisessentialtolife,althoughthebodyhasnonutritionalusefor49vitamins.Manypeople,50,believeinbeingonthe"safeside"andthustakeextravitamins.However,awell-balanceddietwillusuallymeetallthebody'svitaminneeds.50.(A) (B) (C) (D)转折：后面直接前让步：后面没有直接前面，而是出现了与前面正常预期相反的结果最大的区别：对立的对象不一样例题:20051题–Thehumannoseisanunderratedtool.Humansarethoughttobeinsensitivesmellerscomparedwithanimals,1thisislargelybecause,2animals,westandupright.Thismeansthatournosesare3toperceivingthosesmellswhichfloatthroughtheair,4themajorityofsmellswhichsticktosurfaces.[A] [B] [C] [D]例题200611–11whenhomelessindividualsmanagetofinda12thatwillgivethemthreemealsadayandaplacetosleepatnight,agoodnumberstillspendthebulkofeachday13the 例题:1996年考研英语完型48enoughvitaminsisessentialtolife,althoughthebodyhasnonutritionalusefor49vitamins.Manypeople,50,believeinbeingonthe"safeside"andthustakeextravitamins.However,awell-balanceddietwillusuallymeetallthebody'svitaminneeds.中逻辑关系的题目汇总（题号如下2011年 2010年：7、12、15、2009年：15、17、2008年：5、2007年：9、2006年：1、7、11、14、2005年：1、5、6、9、16、2004年：22、25、27、34、2003年：24、28、35、2002年：22、29、2001年：31、36、42、2000年：41、199919981997年：42、44、1996年：46、19951994例题：2011年考研英语完形填空AncientGreekphilosopherAristotleviewedlaughteras“abodilyexerciseprecioustohealth.”But1 someclaimstothecontrary,laughingprobablyhaslittleinfluenceonphysicalfitness.Laughterdoes2 short-termchangesinthefunctionoftheheartanditsbloodvessels, 3_heartrateandoxygenconsumption.Butbecausehardlaughterisdifficultto4,agoodlaughisunlikelytohave benefitstheway,say,walkingorjogging6,insteadofstrainingmusclestobuildthem,asexercisedoes,laughter plishesthe7,studiesdatingbacktothe1930’sindicatethatlaughter8 muscles,decreasingmuscletoneforupto45minutesafterthelaughdiesdown.Suchbodilyreactionmightconceivablyhelp_9theeffectsofpsychologicalstress.Anyway,theactoflaughingprobablydoesproduceothertypesof feedbackthatimproveanindividual’semotionalstate.11 oneclassicaltheoryofemotion,ourfeelingsarepartiallyrooted physicalreactions.Itwasarguedat ofthe19thcenturythathumansdonotcry theyaresadbut esadwhenthetearsbegintoflow.Althoughsadnessalso tears,evidencesuggeststhatemotionscanflow15 muscularresponses.Inanexperimentpublishedin1988,socialpsychologistFritzStrackoftheUniversityofwürzburginGermanyaskedvolunteersto16 apeneitherwiththeirteeth-therebycreatinganartificials–orwiththeirlips,whichwouldproducea(n)17 expression.Thoseforcedtoexercisetheirsmilingmuscles moreexuberantlytofunnycartonsthandidthosewhosemouthswerecontractedinafrown, thatexpressionsmayinfluenceemotionsratherthanjusttheotherwayaround.20 ,thephysicalactoflaughtercouldimprovemood.1.[A][B][C][D]2.[A][B][C][D]3.[A][B][C][D]4.[A][B][C][D]5.[A][B][C][D]6.[A]In[B]In[C]In[D]In7.[A][B][C][D]8.[A][B][C][D]9.[A][B][C][D]10.[A] [B] [C]subconscious[D]11.[A]Except[B]According[C]Due[D]As12.[A][B][C][D]13.[A][B][C][D]14.[A][B][C][D]15.[A][B][C][D]16.[A][B][C][D]17.[A][B][C][D]18.[A][B][C][D]19.[A][B][C][D]20.[A][B][C][D]1. [A]In [B]In [C]In [D]In13. 1、答案:分析:12类填空中最基本、也是最容易得分已知线索“But[C]despite。despite例题:200440Alltheseconditionstendtoincreasetheprobabilityofachildcommittingacriminalact,(40) adirectcausalrelationshiphasnotyetbeenestablished.40.[A] [B] [C] [D]6、答案:关系，因此只能选择[B]Infact，Infact也表达转折的概念。13、答案:关系就很好定位了。定位本填空的前后的原文信息，之前的信息为“humansnotcry”；之后的信息为：“theyaresad”，这就是“生理”和“心理”的互动20、答案:“thephysicalactoflaughtercouldimprovemood（发笑的生理行为可以改善情2011完型为例：只做逻辑关系题“猜”题方法的得“做”的“猜”的16、13、20、16A5得分：2得分：2.5完型文章的布局结构特完型文章一般都有明确的中心主整个文章的中心主线包括鲜明的（FOUCS导向性或者作者态度具有倾向性这个以及这种导向性或倾向性其实就构成完型文章往往采用总分对照结完型文章：一个主线、一个结构（总分结构*2001年考研英语完型填空文章的布局结Theernmentistobanpaymentstowitnessesbynewspapersseekingtobuyuppeopleinvolvedinprominentcases31thetrialofRosemaryWest.Inasignificant32oflegalcontrolsoverthepress.LordIrvine,theLordChancellor,willintroducea33billthatwillproposemakingpaymentstowitnesses34andwillstrictlycontroltheamountof35thatcanbegiventoacase36atrialbegins.InalettertoGeraldKaufman,chairmanoftheHouseofCommonsmediaselectcommittee.LordIrvinesaidhe37withacommitteereportthisyearwhichsaidthatselfregulationdidnot38sufficientcontrol.39ofthelettercametwodaysafterLordIrvinecauseda40ofmediawhenhesaidthe41ofprivacycontrolscontainedinEuropeanlegislationwouldbelefttojudges42toParliament.TheLordChancellorsaidintroductionoftheHumanRightsBill,which43theEuropeanConventiononHumanRightslegally inBritain,laiddownthateverybodywas toprivacyandthatpublicfigurescouldgotocourttoprotectthemselvesandtheirfamilies."Pressfreedomswillbeinsafe ourBritishjudges,"heWitnesspaymentsbecamean47afterWestwassentencedto10lifesentencesin1995.Upto19witnesseswere48tohavereceivedpaymentsforlingtheirstoriestonewspapers.Concernswereraised49witnessesmightbeencouragedtoexaggeratetheirstoriesincourtto50guiltyverdicts.［A］tightening［B］intensifying［C］focusing［D］fastening34［A］illogical［B］illegal［C］improbableTheernmentistobanpaymentstowitnessesbynewspapersseekingtobuyuppeopleinvolvedinprominentcases31thetrialofRosemaryWest.（将要报界向证人付钱以期买通那些卷入诸如审判等著名的证人。此中心

Buyll（FOCUS： 文章的导向：对“向证人付钱” 负态度*2000年考研英语完型填空文章的布局结Ifafarmerwishestosucceed,hemusttrytokeepawidegapbetweenhisconsumptionandhisproduction.Hemuststorealargetyofgrain41consumingallhisgrainimmediay.Hecancontinuetosupporthimselfandhisfamily42heproducesasurplus.Hemustusethissurplusinthreeways:asseedforsowing,asaninsurance43theunpredictableeffectsofbadweatherandasacommoditywhichhemustsellinorderto44oldagriculturalimplementsandobtainchemicalfertilizersto45thesoil.Hemayalsoneedmoneytoconstructirrigation46andimprovehisfarminotherways.Ifnosurplusisavailable,afarmercannotbe47.Hemusteithersellsomeofhispropertyor48extrafundsinformofloans.Naturallyhewilltrytoborrowmoneyatalow49ofinterest,butloansofthiskindarenot50Ifafarmerwishestosucceed,hemusttrytokeepawidegapbetweenhisconsumptionandhisproduction.（如果一个农民想要成功的话，他必须在消费和生产之间保持一个大的差额）—使得整个文章的中心主线一目了然：推测出文章的基本导向：推测出文章的基本导向：Consumption本文的整体结构是明显的总-分对照结总述：Ifafarmerwishestosucceed,hemusttrytokeepawidegapbetweenhisconsumptionandhisproduction.(总述句使得文章开门见山,直接概括出文章的中心主线:农民想要成功,>消分分述一:从正面支持>消Hemuststorea tyofHecancontinuetosupporthimselfandhisfamily……Hemustusethissurplusinthreeways……Hemayalsoneedmoneytoconstructandimprovehisfarminother分分述二:支持>消即:总述Ifnosurplusisavailableafarmercannotbeself-分述sellsomeofhissomeofhis ……borrowmoneyatalow49of*1994年考研英语完型填空文章的布局结Thefirstandsmallestunitthatcanbediscussedinrelationtolanguageistheword.Inspeaking,thechoiceofwordsis41theutmostimportance.Properselectionwilleliminateonesourceof42breakdowninthecommunicationcycle.Toooften,carelessuseofwords43ameetingofthemindsofthespeakerandlistener.Thewordsusedbythespeakermay44unfavorablereactionsinthelistener45interferewithhiscomprehension;hence,thetransmission-receptionsystembreaksdown.46,inaccurateorindefinitewordsmaymake47difficultforthelistenertounderstandthe48whichisbeingtransmittedtohim.Thespeakerwhodoesnothavespecificwordsinhisworkingvocabularymaybe49toexplainordescribeina50thatcanbeunderstoodbyhislisteners.

FOUCS（：有关“用词”问文章导向/作者态度倾向性：如何选词是至关重要Word-Thefirstandsmallestunit/Thechoiceofwords-theutmost1：正面的情况支持总述：Properselection（正确的选词会产生；分述2：支持总述，既用词确会产生那些不好的影响.考生通过抓散落在分述中的一些重要词汇点,就不难看出这一点:carelessuseofunfavorablereactions……interferewithhiscomprehensionbreaksdowninaccurateorindefinitewordsdifficultforthelistenertounderstand43.A.B.C.D.44.A.passB.takeC.backD.stir2中分布的动词：prevents、stirup、interferewith、breaks*2003年考研英语完型填空文章的布局结Teachersneedtobeawareoftheemotional,inlectual,andphysicalchangesthatyoungadultsexperience.Andtheyalsoneedtogiveserious21tohowtheycanbe22suchchanges.Growingbodiesneedmovementand23,butnotjustinwaysthatemphasizecompetition.24theyareadjustingtotheirnewbodiesandawholehostofnewinlectualandemotionalchallenges,teenagersareespeciallyself-consciousandneedthe25thatcomesfromachievingsuccessandknowingthattheir are26byothers.However,thetypicalteenagelifestyleisalreadyfilledwithmuchcompetitionthatitwouldbe27toplanactivitiesinwhichtherearemorewinnersthanlosers,28,publishingnewsletterswithmanystudent-writtenbookreviews,29studentartwork,andsponsoringbookdiscussionclubs.Avarietyofsmallclubscanprovide30opportunitiesforleadership,aswellasforpracticeinsuccessful31dynamics.Makingfriendsisextremelyimportanttoteenagers,andmanyshystudentsneedthe32ofsomekindoforganizationwithasupportiveadult33visibleinthebackground.Intheseactivities,itisimportanttorememberthattheyoungteenshave34attentionspans.Avarietyofactivitiesshouldbeorganized35participantscanremainactiveaslongastheywantandthengoonto36elsewithoutfeelingguiltyandwithoutlettingtheotherparticipants 37.thisdoesnotmeanthatadultsmustacceptirresponsibility.38theycanhelpstudentsacquireasenseofcommitmentby39forrolesthatarewithintheir40andtheirattentionspansandbyhavingclearlystatedrules.22.A. C. D.25.A.B.C.D.26.A.B.C.D.27.A.B.C.D.*2006年考研英语完型填空文章的布局结ThehomelessmakeupagrowingpercentageofAmerica's

1homelessnesshasreachedsuchproportionsthat ernmentcan't .Tohelphomeless

independence,theernmentmustsupportjobtrainingprograms, theminimumwage,andfundmorelow-costhousing. everyoneagreesonthenumbersAmericanswhoarehomeless.Estimates anywherefrom600,000to3million.7thefiguremayvary,ystsdoagreeonanothermatter:thatthenumberofthehomelessis8.Oneofthefederalernment's9thatthenumberofthehomelesswillreachnearly19millionbyofthisdecade.Findingwaysto10thisgrowinghomelesspopulationhas increasinglydifficult.11whenhomelessindividualsmanagetofinda12thatwillgivethemthreemealsadayandaplacetosleepatnight,agoodnumberstillspendthebulkofeachday13thestreet.Partoftheproblemisthatmanyhomelessadultsareaddictedtoalcoholordrugs.Andasignificantnumberofhomelesshaveseriousmentaldisorders.Manyothers, notaddictedmentallyill,simplylacktheeveryday skillsneededtoturntheirlives16.BostonGlobereporterChrisReidynotesthatthesituationwillimproveonlywhenthereare_17programsthataddressthemanyneedsofthe18EdwardZlotkowski,directorofcommunityserviceatBentleyCollegeinMassachusetts,19it,"Therehastobe20ofprograms.Whatweneedisapackagedeal." *2007年考研英语完型填空文章的布局结By1830theformerSpanishandPortuguesecolonieshad independentnations.Theroughly20million1ofthesenations2__tothefuture.BorninthecrisisoftheoldregimeandIberiancolonialism,manyoftheleadersoftheindependence3__theidealsofrepresentativeernment,careers4__totalent,freedomofcommerceandtrade,the5__toprivateproperty,andabeliefintheindividualasthebasisofsociety.6__therewasabeliefthatthenewnationsshouldbesovereignandindependentstates,largeenoughtobeeconomicallyviableandintegratedbya7__setoflaws.Ontheissueof8__ofreligionandpositionofChurch,9__,therewaslessagreement10__theleadership.RomanCatholicismhadbeenthestatereligionandtheonlyone11__bytheSpanishcrown.12__mostleaderssoughttomaintainCatholicism13__theofficialreligionofthenewstates,somesoughttoendthe14__ofotherfaiths.ThedefenseoftheChurchbecamearallying15__fortheconservativeforces.Theidealsoftheearlyleadersofindependencewereoftenegalitarian,valuingequalityofeverything.BolivarhadreceivedaidfromHaitiand16__inreturntoabolishslaveryintheareasheliberated.By1854slaveryhadbeenabolishedeverywhereexceptSpain’s17__colonies.Earlypromisestoendntributeandtaxesonpeopleofmixedorigincamemuch18__becausethenewnationsstillneededtherevenuesuch19__.Egalitariansentimentswereoftentemperedbyfearsthatthemassofthepopulationwas20__self-ruleanddemocracy.[A] [B] [C] [D]20.[A]puzzledby[B]hostileto[C]pessimisticabout[D]unprepared（完型文章布局和结构上这两个一个主线、一个结构）的特点也决定了完型（紧扣—（无关词排除法内在一 —（同现结构—（复现结构）完型做题：要胸怀大局，不能鼠目寸例题:199841UntilrecentlymosthistoriansspokeverycriticallyoftheIndustrialRevolution.They41thatinthelongrunindustrializationgreatlyraisedthestandardoflivingforthe42man.Buttheyinsistedthatits43resultsduringtheperiodfrom1750to1850werewidespreadpovertyandmiseryforthe44oftheEnglishpopulation.45contrast,theysawintheprecedinghundredyearsfrom1650to1750,whenEnglandwasstilla46agriculturalcountry,aperiodofgreatabundanceandprosperity.Thisview,47,isgenerallythoughttobewrong.Specialists48historyandeconomics,have49twothings:thattheperiodfrom1650to1750was50bygreatpoverty,andthatindustrializationcertainlydidnotworsenandmayhaveactuallyimprovedtheconditionsforthemajorityofthepopulace.41.A)admittedB)believedC)claimed完型标准填空题型二:无关词排除法（与主旨相关解题法例题：200134、35Theernmentistobanpaymentstowitnessesbynewspapersseekingtobuyuppeopleinvolvedinprominentcases31thetrialofRosemaryWest.Inasignificant32oflegalcontrolsoverthepress.LordIrvine,theLordChancellor,willintroducea33billthatwillproposemakingpaymentstowitnesses34andwillstrictlycontroltheamountof35thatcanbegiventoacase36atrialbegins.InalettertoGeraldKaufman,chairmanoftheHouseofCommonsmediaselectcommittee.LordIrvinesaidhe37withacommitteereportthisyearwhichsaidthatselfregulationdidnot38sufficientcontrol.39ofthelettercametwodaysafterLordIrvinecauseda40ofmediawhenhesaidthe41ofprivacycontrolscontainedinEuropeanlegislationwouldbelefttojudges42toParliament.TheLordChancellorsaidintroductionoftheHumanRightsBill,which43theEuropeanConventiononHumanRightslegally inBritain,laiddownthateverybodywas toprivacyandthatpublicfigurescouldgotocourttoprotectthemselvesandtheirfamilies."Pressfreedomswillbeinsafe ourBritishjudges,"heWitnesspaymentsbecamean afterWestwassentencedto10lifesentencesin1995.Upto19witnesseswere tohavereceivedpaymentsforlingtheirstoriestonewspapers.Concernswereraised witnessesmightbeencouragedtoexaggeratetheirstoriesincourt guilty34［A］illogical［B］illegal［C］improbable［D］improper35［A］publicity［B］penalty［C］popularity［D］peculiarity例题：200612、13、15ThehomelessmakeupagrowingpercentageofAmerica's

1homelessnesshasreachedsuchproportionsthat ernmentcan't .Tohelphomeless

independence,theernmentmustsupportjobtrainingprograms, theminimumwage,andfundmorelow-costhousing. everyoneagreesonthenumbersAmericanswhoarehomeless.Estimates anywherefrom600,000to3million.7thefiguremayvary,ystsdoagreeonanothermatter:thatthenumberofthehomelessis8.Oneofthefederalernment's9thatthenumberofthehomelesswillreachnearly19millionbyofthisdecade.Findingwaysto10thisgrowinghomelesspopulationhas increasinglydifficult.11whenhomelessindividualsmanagetofind