备战2021年中考英语(仁爱版)-介词-专项复习学案(含答案)

备战2021年中考英语(仁爱版)-介词-专项复习学案一•表示“标准或单位”的介词：at,for,by(1)at表示“以……速度”“以……价格”Hedroveataspeedof80milesanhour.他以每小时8英里的速度行驶。Isoldmycaratahighprice.我以高价出售了我的汽车。⑵for用交换Iboughtitfor20dollars.买它花了我20美元。Howmuchfortheseapples?这些苹果多少钱？at与for都表示价格，但at表示“单价"，for表示总价,at后一般跟“price”这个词，而for后只能跟总钱数。如:Iboughtitatalowprice.我买它的价格很低。Iboughtitatthepriceof$80apound.我以每磅80美元的价格买的它。Isolditfor$10.我10美元把它卖掉了。(3)by以计，后跟度量单位Goldissoldbythegram.金以克出售。Theypaidhimbythemonth.他们按月给他计酬。表示“材料”的介词：of,from,inof表示从成品仍可看出原料。Thisboxismadeofpaper.这个盒子是纸做的。Thissaladismadeofapplesandstrawberries.这种沙拉是由苹果和草莓做的。from表示从成品已看不出原料。Breadismadefromwheat.面包是小麦做的。Thelifeboatismadefromsomespecialmaterial.这个救生艇是由某种特殊材料制成的。⑶in用材料。常用write,speak,talk,answer等连用。Pleasefillintheforminpencilfirst.请先用铅笔填写这个表格。TheytalkinEnglish.他们用英语交谈。in指材料时，材料前不用冠词。比较：用铅笔画表示“工具或手段”的介词：by,with,on(1)by凭借“工具或手段(多用于交通工具)如：bybus乘公共汽车，byplane乘飞机Heusuallygoestoworkbybike.他通常骑车去上班。Hesentthenewstomebye-mail.他通过电子邮件发给了我这一消息。表示搭乘交通工具时，既可用by，又可用in，区别在于用by时，表示交通工具的名词前不能加冠词，而用in时名词前必须加冠词。⑵with用工具Hebrokethewindowwithastone.他用石头把玻Hestoppedtheballwithhisrightfoot.他用脚把球停住。with表示“用……工具”时，工具前必须加冠词或物主代词。(3)on以方式。多用于固定词组。Theytalkedonthetelephone.他们通过电话进行交谈。ShelearnsEnglishontheradio/onTV.她通过收音机/电视学英语。表示“关于”的介词：of,about,on(1)of仅指“关于"人或事物的存在，如：Hespokeofthefilmtheotherday.他前几天提到了这部影片。Hethoughtofthismatteryesterday他昨天想到了这件事。Hethoughtaboutthismatteryesterday.他昨天考虑了这件事。⑵about指"关于”某人或某事物的较详细的情况。It'sabookforchildrenaboutAfricaanditspeople.它是一本供儿童阅读的关于非洲和非洲人的书。Canyoutellmesomethingaboutyourself?你能告诉我一些关于你自己的事情吗？⑶on是指“关于”学术性的或严肃的，供专门研究用的。It'satextbookonthehistoryofChina.它是一本有关中国历史的教科书。表示“原因、理由”的介词：for,at,from,of,withfor表示“一般的理由"常与famous,punish等词连用。Xi'anisfamousforitslonghistory.西安因历史悠久而著名。Thecityiswellknownforherlargepopulation.这座城市以人口众多而知名。at一般指“情感”的原因，通常放在表示“惊讶或喜悦等感情”的动词或形容词之后，表示“因听到或看到而"。Shegotangryathiswords.她因为他的话生气了。Hewassurprisedatthenews.听到这消息他大吃一惊。from表示“外在的原因"。如受伤、车祸等。Hediedfromthewound.他因受伤而致死。Hersonwasbadlyhurtinatrafficaccident.她儿子在一次车祸中严重受伤。of表示“内在的原因"，如病、饿等到。Hediedofcancer.他死于癌症。Theoldmandiedofhunger.老人死于饥饿。with表示“由外在影响到肉体或心理"的原因。Heshookwithcold.他因寒冷而发抖。Heshoutedloudlywithanger.他气得大喊大叫。6.like,as(1)like像一样(其实不是)Thelittletigerlookslikeacat.这只小老虎看起来像只猫。Themooncakesarelikethemoon.月饼像月亮。⑵as作为，以身份(其实是)Hewashangedasaspy.他被作为间谍绞死了。Hetalktomeasafather他以父亲的身份跟我谈话。7.against,foragainst反对，与for是反义词，如：Areyouformyideaoragainstit?你赞同还是反对我的想法?Theyfoughtagainsttheenemy.他们抗击敌人。8.besides,except都表示“除了”besides的用法就等于aswellas。Heisinterestedintennisbesides（aswellas）football.除了足球，他还对网球感兴趣。⑴besides是包括后面所提人或物在内的“除了”，可以理解为“除之外…还、除之外…又”,表示两部分的相似性。Twenty-fivestudentswenttothecinemabesideshim.除他以外，还有25个学生去看了电影。（他和另外25人都去了）WelikebiologybesidesEnglish.除了英语外，我们还喜欢生物。（生物和英语都喜欢）（2）except是指不包括后面所提人或物在内的“除了”，可以理解为“撇开…不谈”表示两部分的不同。Everyoneisexcitedexceptme.除我以外的每个人都很激动。（他们激动，而我却不激动）AllthevisitorsareJapaneseexcepthim.除他以外的所有游客都是日本人。（其他人是日本人，可他不是）在以下几种情况中，介词常常省略。1.当表示时间的词前有this,that,next,last,every,each,some,any,all等时，介词应省略。Wewatchedanexcitingfootballmatchlastweek.（lastweek前不能用介词in等）上周我们看了一场激动人心的足球赛。Comeanydayyoulike.你想哪天都行。Comeonanydayyoulike.（X）next前可以加冠词，但意义不同。Nextweek下周（以现在为起点）thenextweek第二周（以过去某时为起点）2.表示时间的名词前有不定冠词，且不定冠词作“每一……”解时，前面不用介词，每小时80英里。80milesinanhour.（X）80milesanhour.（）Anappleadaykeepsthedoctoraway.每天吃一个苹果，医生不找我。3.含有way的短语。女口：inthesameway,inthis/thatway,inanotherway等用于句末时，in常省略。Shediditthesameway.她用同样的方法做的。习题演练一、单选题Mrs.Greenstoodthewindow，expectingherhusbandtocomebackfromthewar.A.pastB.throughC.acrossD.by

---Hownicethefishtastes!Couldyoutellmewhotaughtyoutocookit?---Tobehonest,Ilearntit_watchingTV.Ilearntocookmanydishes_TV.A.by;inB.by;onC.in;onD.in;inManyteenagersputmobilegamingotherthingsandspendtoomuchtimeonit.——That'sreallybad.A.uptoB.asforC.aheadofD.alongwith4.lnChina,weareusingtheFASTtofindstars.Nowmoreandmorepeoplewanttoknowaboutthelargestradiotelescope（望远镜）intheworld.A.inpersonB.inpublicC.inspace—IbelieveChinesegovernmentwillwinthefighttheCoronavirus（冠状病毒）.—Ithinkso.Chinesepeopleareverybravethefaceofdifficulties.A.with;inB.against;inC.with;toD.against;toPengLiyuanisknownChinesepeopleabeautifulandpopularsinger.A.to;asB.to;ofC.for;asD.for;asD.inalldayAnnkeptsilentbecauseherlittlebrotherbrokehertoy.D.inalldayA.ondayB.allthedayC.alldayWehavetoputoff_oursportsmeeting_thebadweather.9.A.hold;becauseB.hold;becauseofC.holding;becauseD.holding;becauseofthedifficulties,therewillalsobemanyexcitingthingswaitingforyou.9.A.Except10.—Whatareyoudoing？—I'mlookingthekids.Theyshouldbebackforlunchnow.A.afterA.Except10.—Whatareyoudoing？—I'mlookingthekids.Theyshouldbebackforlunchnow.A.afterB.atC.forB.BesideC.AlongwithD.AlongB.atD.up11.Ithink___isnecessary___my20-year-olddaughtertohaveherownmobile.A.that;of11.Ithink___isnecessary___my20-year-olddaughtertohaveherownmobile.A.that;ofB.it;ofC.that;forD.it;for12.I'veorderedsomeflowersforgrandmaandtheywillarrive

B.aftertwohours.A.inC.overD.forthatheisfromAmerica.13.IknownothingabouttheyoungmanB.exceptformyteacherbecauseofmymistake.B.for12.I'veorderedsomeflowersforgrandmaandtheywillarrive

B.aftertwohours.A.inC.overD.forthatheisfromAmerica.13.IknownothingabouttheyoungmanB.exceptformyteacherbecauseofmymistake.B.forC.withA.except14.IfeltsorryC.besideD.besidesA.toD.in15.,Ifoundthejobboring,butsoonIgotusedtoit.A.Tostartwith15.,Ifoundthejobboring,butsoonIgotusedtoit.A.TostartwithB.FirstofallC.WithoutdoubtD.AfterallYoushouldcometoschoolA.intimeB.ontimeC.atthesametimeD.allthetimeA.intimeB.ontimeC.atthesametimeD.allthetime—Allthestudentswenttotheschooltrip—Becausehewasill.Jim.Why?—Allthestudentswenttotheschooltrip—Becausehewasill.Jim.Why?A.besideB.besidesC.withD.exceptA.besideB.besidesC.withD.exceptThenewshoppingmallwaslastyear.Itsoonbecamepopularyoungpeople.A.comeup;onB.builtup;betweenC.setup;amongAChinesesurveyingteamsuccessfullyreachedthetopofMountQomolangma,thehighestplaceoftheplanet,May27,2020.A.onB.inC.atD.fromTheywonthegoldmedalforChina,sowe'reproudthem.A.onB.inC.ofD.forTheQingmingFestivalofthisyearfallsApril5thandthousandsofcarspouredintohigh-waystheearlymorningoftheholiday.A.on;inB.in;onC.on;onD.in;inHemakesalivingsellingnewspaper.A.inB.forC.byD.withTomygreatjoy,myfamilyisalwaysmewhateverIdecidetodo.A.behindB.toC.fromD.against—OnlinePEclassesarereallyspecial.It'sfuntothinkthatallmyclassmatesarejumpingupanddownathomeatthesametime.—It'sgoodusalltostayinshape.A.withB.ofC.forThisisasmallroom,soCarlamadearequestalargeroom.A.atB.inC.forD.byAgoodstudentconnectswhathereadswhatheseesaroundhim.A.forB.withC.inD.on27.Iusuallygetupearlythemorning.A.inB.onC.at28.Mark'sfriendstriedtogetridhisideaofsellinghiscompany,butfailed.A.withB.ofC.fromD.for29.I'mgoingout.I'llbebackanhour.A.atB.onC.inD.from——WhatdoyouthinkofInternet?——Ioftenchatwithmyfriendsonline.Ican'timaginemylifeInternet.A.withoutB.withC.onYesterdayourheadmastermadeaspeechenvironmentalprotection,andwelearnedsomethingaboutrecyclingofwaste.A.onB.atC.toThisnewmodelofcarissoexpensivethatitisthereachofthoseyoungpeoplewithlowpay.A.againstB.overC.belowD.beyond—Whoistheperfectpersonthenewmonitor?

—Alice.Weallthoughtsheshouldbethemostsuitablechoicewhiletogether.A.as;discussedB.for;discussingC.as;discussingD.for;discussesAIIofuswenttotheparkBob.Hehadtolookafterhissister.A.besidesB.withC.exceptD.exceptforYouwon'twanttovisitanyothermountainifyouhaveseenWuyue,butyouwon'twishtoseeevenWuyuereturningfromMountHuangshan.A.aboutB.beforeC.sinceD.afterWithaschooIbuiItintheviIIage,thechiIdrenneedn'tcIimbthemountainforstudy.A.overB.atC.for—ThiscameraisverysimiIarthatone.A.overB.atC.for—ThiscameraisverysimiIarthatone.—Yes.IhavesometroubIeyouwhichisbetter.A.as;tellingB.with;totellC.to;totell——WhichwouIdyouprefer,teaorcoffee?——Iprefercoffeemilk.A.toB.orC.ratherthan—DidJennyplaytheroletheprincessintheplay?—Yes,shedid.Theprincesavedherandfellinloveher.A.with;atB.as;inC.of;toyourhelp,Ican'tgetgoodgrades.A.WithB.WithoutC.ForD.inD.to;tellingD.