2020上海杨浦高三英语一模试卷

/11E3Availableforeitherstraightorcurvedstairways0OfferedforindoororoutdoorinstallationE3Installedwithouthomealterations0Chairfoldsupeasilywhennotinuseforsafestairaccess0Poweredbyaconstanttricklechargebatteryforoperationeveninapowerfailure0Freebrochure.Usedbymanytoregaintheirindependenceandcontinuelivingsafelyintheirhomes.StannahStair-liftsareusuallythemostcost-effectivewhencomparedtomoving,remodelingorinstallinganelevator.FrequentlyAskedQuestionsCanmystairliftbeinstalledwithoutdamagingmywalls?Yes!Stannahstair-liftsaredesignedtomovealongarailthatattachestothestepofyourstairwayandnotyourwall.Willothersbeabletogetbysafelywhenmystairliftisnotinuse?Absolutely!Yourstairliftcomesstandardwithapoweredfootrestandaneasilyfoldedseatforaslimlineprofileandunobstructedaccessforothers.Can/gethelppayingformystairlift?BecauseMedicareandinsurancedoesn'tpayforstair-lifts,weofferarangeofmodelsatdifferentprices,andpaymentoptionsincluderental.Calltodaytoscheduleyourin-homestairsassessmentCalltoscheduleyourfree-in-homeassessmentwithanexpertadvisor.SelecttheStannahstairliftthatbestmeetsyourneeds.Installyournewstairliftinhours.Ourprofessionaltechnicianswillworkdiligentlytoprovideyouwithasafeliftyoucanrelyon0Weofferrapidresponseschedulingandinstallationatnoadditionalcharge!TohaveaStannahstairliftinstalled,oneneedsto.A.remodelone'slivingroomB.scheduleanin-homeassessmentC.ensureconstantpowersupplyD.orderaspecialstairwayJennymayusetheCoupon（优惠券）tosavesomemoneyonlyifshe.rentsthemodeladvertisedonBostonGlobepaysfortheStannahmodelwhichisonsalepurchasesonebrandnewStannahstairliftpublishespost-salereviewsonTrust-pilot60.WhichstatementisTRUEaboutStannahstair-liftmentionedintheadvertisement?Itpromisestoregularlycheckontheoldpeoplewholiveindependently.Itcanbeinstalledeasilybyfollowinginstructionsinthebrochure.Itprovidesfastandfreerepairservicesbyprofessionaltechnicians.Itoffersanalternativetooldpeoplewhodon'twanttoberelocated.（C）Howandwhy,roughly2millionyearsago,earlyhumanancestorsevolvedlargebrainsandbeganfashioningrelativelyadvancedstonetools,isoneofthegreatmysteriesofevolution.Someresearchersarguethesechangeswerebroughtaboutbytheinventionofcooking.Theypointoutthatourbiteweakenedaroundthesametimeasourlargerbrainsevolved,andthatittakeslessenergytoabsorbnutrientsfromcookedfood.Asaresult,oncetheyhadmasteredtheart,earlychefscouldinvestlessintheirdigestivesystemsandthusinvesttheresultingenergysavingsinbuildinglargerbrainscapableofcomplexthought.Thereis,however,aproblemwiththecookingtheory.Mostarchaeologists（考古学家）believetheevidenceofcontrolledfirestretchesbacknomorethan790,000years.RogerSummonsoftheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnologyhasasolution.Togetherwithhisteam,heanalyzed1.7million-year-oldsand-stonesthatformedinanancientriveratOlduvaiGorgeinTanzania.Theregionisfamousforthelargenumberofhumanfossils（化石）thathavebeendiscoveredthere,alongsideanimpressiveassemblyofstonetools.Thesand-stonesthemselveshavepreviouslyyieldedsomeoftheworld'searliestcomplexhandaxes—largetear-drop-shapedstonetoolsthatareassociatedwithHomoerectus（直立人）.Creatinganaxebyrepeatedlyknockingthinpiecesoffarawstoneinordertocreatetwosharpcuttingedgesrequiresasignificantamountofplanning.Theirappearanceisthereforethoughttomarkanimportantmomentinintellectualevolution.TrappedinsidetheOlduvaisand-stones,theresearchersfounddistinctivebutunusualbiologicalmolecules（分子）thatareofteninterpretedasbiomarkersforheat-tolerantbacteria.Someoftheseliveinwaterbetween85°Cand95°C.Themolecules'presencesuggeststhatanancientriverwithintheGorgewasoncefedbyoneormorehotsprings.Dr.Summonsandhiscolleaguessaythehotspringswouldhaveprovidedaconvenient“pre-fire”meansofcookingfood.InNewZealand，theMaorihavetraditionallycookedfoodinhotsprings,eitherbyloweringitintotheboilingwaterorbydiggingaholeinthehotearth.SimilarmethodsexistinJapanandIceland,soitisplausible,ifdifficulttoprove,thatearlyhumansmighthaveusedhotspringstocookmeatandroots.RichardWrangham,whodevisedthecookingtheory,isfascinatedbytheidea.Nonetheless,firewouldhaveofferedadistinctadvantagetohumans,oncetheyhadmasteredtheartofcontrollingitsince,unlikeahotspring,itisatransportableresource.AllofthefollowingstatementscansupportthecookingtheoryEXCEPT.cookingenabledearlyhumanstoinvestlessindigestivesystemcookingenabledearlyhumanstodevotemoreenergytobuildingbigbrainsourbrainbecamelargeraroundthesametimeourdigestivesystemweakenedD.thecontrolledfirewasn'tmastereduntilabout790,000yearsagoThepresenceofbiologicalmoleculeswasimportantbecause.theysuggestedapossiblemeansofcookingwithoutfiretheycastlightonhowearlyHomoerectuslivedtheyprovidedaconvenientwayofstudyingstonetoolsD.theymadestudiesofpre-historicculturespossibleTheunderlinedword“plausible”probablymeans.A.noticeableB.applicableC.reasonableD.affordable66.WhatmaybetheconclusionofthestudybyDr.Summonsandhiscolleague?A.Earlyhumanswerecapableofmakingcomplexstonetools.Hotspringshelpexplainhowhumanbrainsgotsobig.Homoerectuswereadaptabletotoughandcomplexterritories.Humanbrainsarehighlyadvancedasshownbytheirsize.SectionCDirections:Readthepassagecarefully.Fillineachblankwithapropersentencegiveninthebox.Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.Thosewithaslowerpacealsoscoredlesswellinphysicalexercisessuchashand-gripstrengthandbiologicalmarkersofgoodhealth.Therearealreadysignsinearlylifeofwhowouldbecometheslowestwalkers.Infact,basedonanewseriesofexperiments,theynowbelievethesloweraperson'stendencytowalk,thelessabletheirbrain.Brainscanningduringtheirfinalassessmentat45showedtheslowerwalkerstendedtohavelowertotalbrainvolumeandlessbrainsurfacearea.Untilnow,however,nooneknewitcouldsignifyunderlyingbrainhealthsomuchearlierinlife.Researchersperformedwalkingspeedanalysisonhundredsofmiddle-agedpeople,comparingtheirpsychologicalresults.SlowerWalkersHaveSlowerMinds,ScientistsRevealOfallhumanactivities,fewaresoreadilycreditedwithenhancingthepowerofthemindasgoingforagoodwalk.However,thosewhoassumethatstrollingalongatagentlepaceisthesymbolofsuperiorintellectshouldthinkagain,scientistshavesaid.67Doctorshavelongusedwalkingspeedtogainaquickandreliableunderstandingofolderpeopledmentalcapability,asitisincreasinglyrecognizedthatpaceisassociatedwithnotonlymuscularstrengthbutalsothecentralnervoussystem.68Therelationshipwassoobvious,however,thattheUSscientistsnowsaywalkingtestscouldbeusedtoprovideanearlyindicationofdementia（痴呆）.PublishedintheJournaloftheAmericanMedicalAssociation,thestudyrevealedanaveragedifferenceof16IQpointsbetweentheslowestandthefastestwalkersattheageof45,Thisreflectedboththeparticipants'naturalwalkingspeedandthepacetheyachievedwhenaskedlowalkasfastastheycould.69Actually,slowerwalkerswereshowntohave“speededaging''ona19-measurescaledevisedbyresearchers,andtheirlungs,teethandimmunesystemstendedtobeinworseshapethanthepeoplewhowalkedfaster.The904NewZealandmenandwomenwhoweretestedat45weretrackedfromtheageofthree,eachundergoingmultipletestsovertheyears.Thelong-termdatacollectionenabledresearcherstoestablishthatkidswithlowerIQscores,lowerlinguisticabilityandweakeremotionalcontroltendedtohaveslowerwalkingspeedsbymiddleage.70Theresearchteamsaidgeneticfactorsmayexplainthelinkbetweenwalkingspeed,braincapacityandphysicalhealthorthatbetterbrainhealthmightpromotephysicalactivity,leadingtobetterwalkingspeed.Someofthedifferencesinhealthandintellectmaybetheresultoflifestylechoicesindividualshavemade.SummaryWritingDirections:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint(s)ofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.ThePsychologyofSpendingDr.ThomasGilovich,psychologyprofessoratCornellUniversity,hasstudiedthepsychologyofspendingforover20years.AccordingtoDr.Gilovich，“Webuythingstomakeushappy,andwesucceed,butonlyforawhile.Newthingsareexcitingtousatfirst,butthenweadapttothem.”Inotherwords，oncethefreshnessofournewestpurchasewearsoff,webeginlookingforsomethingelsetobuytomakeushappy.Dr.Gilovichfoundthatoursatisfactionwithpossessionsfadesovertime.Yetourhappinessoverthingswe'veexperiencedincreases.Forthatreason,hehasconcludedthatwearespendingourmoneyonthewrongthings.AstudyoutofSanFranciscoStateUniversityagrees.Theresearchshowedthatthosepeoplewhospentmoneyonexperiencesinsteadofpossessionswerehappier.Theyalsothoughttheirmoneywasbetterinvested.Tobeginwith,activitieslikeatrip,adventure,hobby,etc.tendtobringtheparticipantstogetherandunitethemoverasharedinterest.AccordingtoGilovich,“Weconsumeexperiencesdirectlywithotherpeople.”Asaresult,theseexperiencestypicallycreateapositivelinkandgoodfeelingstowardtheotherpersonorpeople.Besides,yourexperienceshowsotherswho