年11月21日托福抢先版机经

SPEAKING1Talkaboutanactivityyouenjoyedngwithyourfamilywhenyouwereachild,explainyouanswerindetails.2Describeyourfavoriteschoolsubject.Givespecificdetailsandexamplestoexplainyouranswer3Describeawhomyou’dliketotalkwithoften(thiscouldbeoneofyourclosefriends,familymembersorteachers).Explainwhyyou’dliketotalkwiththisandwhatyou’dliketotalkabout.4Describeagiftyouwanttogivetosomeone.GiveSpecificdetailsandexamplestoexplainyouranswer5witheachother.6Explainwhyyouwanttot,giveexamplesanddetailsinyour7Talkaboutthethingsyoudothatwillkeepyouhealthy.Giveexamplesanddetailsinyourexplanation.8Describe youwouldliketolearnmoreaboutandexplain9Describeajobyouhavedoneinthepastorajobyou’dliketonthefuture.Pleaseincludespecificdetailsinyouranswer.10Describeaperformeryoulike.Andexplain11WhataresomeimportanteffectsoftheworldwideavailabilityoftheInternetonmodernpeople’slife?Usespecificdetailsandexamplestosupportyour12Describeaspecialfriendinyourchildhoodandexplainwhythefriendwasimportanttoyou.13Yourfriendoftenfeelsnervouswhenspeakinginfrontofalargegroupofpeople.Whatsuggestionsdoyouhavetohelphimethisfear?14Describeatimewhenyouareaskedtodosomethingyoudonotwantto15Oneofyourfriendshasbeenofferedajobinatownfarawayformhome.Doyouthinkyourfriendshouldtakethisjob?16Talkaboutaskillthatyouhavemasteredbutstillwantto17Whichkindofskilldoyouadmirethemost?Sportskill，languageskill，orartskill.Pleaseincludespecificdetailsandreasonsinyouranswer.18specificexamplesanddetails19Explainwhyitisimportantandwhyyoudon’tlike20Nowmanypeopleliketoshoponline.Pleaseyzetheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofonlineshop.21Whatcanuniversitydotohelptheenvironment?Pleasegivespecific22Describeawonderfulperiodoftimeinyourlife.Explainwhyyoulikethatperiodoftimeandgivespecificreasonstosupportyouranswer.23Describeanactivityyoutriedandenjoyedrecently.Explainwhyitwasenjoyabletoyou.Includereasonsandexampletosupportyour24Describeyourfavoriteplacetoshopforclothes.Explainwhyyouliketogothereforclothes.Usespecificreasonsandexamplestosupportyour25Whatkindofmusicdoyouliketheleast?Givereasonswhyyoudonotlikethiskindofmusic.26Describeyourfavoriteteacher.Explainwhyyoulikehimorher.Includereasonsanddetailstosupportyourresponse.27aboutthemost:honesty,loyaltyorsenseofhumor?Explainwhythischaracteristicisthemostimportanttoyou?2840hoursofcommunityserviceeach29Whatsuggestionswouldyougivetoafriendwhoisstartinganewjob.Giveexamplesanddetailsinyourresponse.30Whatdoyouoftendotodealwith31Isitgoodorbadforstudentstoworkayearbeforetheybegintheirstudyinuniversity?32Ifaforeigntouristvisitsyourcity，wherewouldyoutakehimto?Afactory，auniversityoramuseum?Pleaseincludespecificreasonsanddetailsinyour33AgreeordisagreethatUniversitystudentsshouldtakepart-time34food.Pleasetalkabouttheadvantagesanddisadvantages.Usespecificreasonsandexamplestosupportyouranswer.35Whatkindof alitydoyouadmirethemost?(1)Inligence(2)Creativity(3)Courage36Whatsuggestionswillyougivetoafriendwhowantstomakefriendsinanewcity?37YourUniversityisplanningtoallowstudentstowatchTVintheirsdormitories.Whataretheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofwatchinindormitories?Includereasonsandexamplestosupportyourresponse.38Ifoneofyourfriendshelpedyoumovetoyournewapartment.Whatwillyoudotoexpressyourappreciation?Pleaseincludereasonsanddetailstosupportyourresponse.39Ifyourschooldecidedtoopenacafeincampus.Doyouagreeor40Yourfriendwantstotravelforayearbeforestartinguniversity.Doyouthinkitisagoodidea?41intheclass?Includereasonsanddetailstosupportyourresponse.42Whatkindofclothingdoyouusuallywearandwhy.Pleaseincludespecificexamplesanddetailsinyourexplanation.43Whichimportantskilldoyouthinkastudentshouldlearn?PleaseincludespecificexamplesanddetailsinyourexplanationDescribeaplacewherepeopleinyourtownliketogather.Pleaseincludespecificdetailsinyouranswers.45Talkaboutanimportantexperiencethatyourecentlyhad.Describewhathappenedandexplainwhyitwasimportanttoyou.46Describea youadmirethemost.Explainwhyyouadmire.Includedetailsandexamplestosupportyour47Whattypeofbooksdoyouenjoytoread?Romancebooks,biographybooksormysterybooks?Explainwhyyouenjoyreadingthistypeofbook?Pleaseincludereasonsanddetailsinyouexplanation.48Talkaboutapieceofartworkthatyoulikethemost,itcouldbeaphotograph,paintingorsong.49thefirsttime.Usereasonsandspecificexamplestoexplainwhythissuggestionisimportant.50Talkabouttheadvantageanddisadvantageofthewideuseofrobots.ExplainyouranswerindetailsSPEAKING1discussionsduringclass?Givespecificreasonsanddetailsinyour2、★★★★★活动类Doyouagreeordisagreewiththefollowingtheircareer.3Wouldyouliketospendtimewithfamilymembersorratherthoneand4Doyouagreeordisagreewiththefollowingstatement？Isiteasiertobeateacherthantobeastudent?GiveSpecificdetailsandexamplestoexplainyour5AgreeordisagreethattherichhelpthepoororGivespecificdetailsandexamplestoexplainyour6Whenlearningsomethingnew,somestudentsliketotakenotesinclasseswhileothersprefertolistentotheirteachersandtakeafewornonotes,whichdoyoupreferandwhy?7Whenyouhaveavacation,doyouprefertogotosomeplaceneworreturntoaplacewhereyouhavebeentobefore?8Oneofyourfriendshasbeenofferedajobinatownfarawayfromhome.Doyouthinkyourfriendshouldtakethisjob?Whyorwhynot?9whichonedoyouprefer,shopinalargestoreorshopinasmall10Someonepreferthetraditionalwayofworking,likegoingtotheofficesetting,othersprefertoworkathome?whichonedoyouprefer?11Doyouagreeordisagreewiththefollowingstatement:itisbettertobealeaderinagroupthanasupportingmember?Useexamplesanddetailsinyourexplanation.12Somepeopleprefertovisitonlyoneplaceduringtheirvacations,othersprefertovisitlotsofplaces,whichonedoyoupreferandwhy?13Doyouprefertowritealongessayorgiveaspeechinfrontofclassforanassignment?14Somepeopleprefertoeatdinnersinafast-foodrestaurant,whileotherswouldgotootherplacestoeatifpossible.15Doyouagreeordisagreewiththestatement?It'seasiertoteachchildreninprimaryschoolsthanstudentsinuniversities.Includereasonsanddetailsinyourexplanation.16AgreeordisagreethatUniversitystudentsshouldtakepart-time17DoyouagreeordisagreewiththestatementthatwatchingsportsprogramonTVisnotagooduseoftime.18Doyouagreeordisagreewiththestatementthatstudentsshouldbeallowedtocarrytheirsallthetime?Givedetailsandexamplesinyour19Doyouagreeordisagreethatstudentsshouldberequiredtogotoschoolbeforetheyare16yearsold.PleaseGivespecificdetailsandexamplestoexplainyouranswer.20Somepeoplethinkthatinnatetalentisimportanttoasportsman.Othersthinkthatworkinghardismoreimportant.Whichideadoyouprefer?21Doyouprefertowatovieintheaterorat22Somestudentstendtostudyinalargeclasswhileothersprefertostudyinsmallclasses.Whiethodofstudyingdoyouthinkisbetterforstudentsandwhy?23Somepeoplepreferlivemusic,whileotherspreferrecordedmusic.Whichdoyoupreferandwhy?24Agreeordisagreethatthemostimportantlessonscannotbelearnedin25Agreeordisagreethatmodernpeoplehavebetterlifestylethanpeopleinthepast.26Doyouagreeordisagreewiththefollowingstatement:peoples willchangewhentheygrowolder.27thantheduetimeshouldreceivepenalties/getlowerscores.28Someteachersallowtheirstudentstoaskquestionsaboutcourseworkorassignmentsby.Someteacherspreferthestudentstoaskthesequestionsin Whichdoyou29Agreeordisagreethatpeoplewillreadlessandlessinthe30sagoodideaforfirstyearstudentstojoinasports31、★★★★其他类touseitduringtheprocess?32Whenfacingdifficultsituations,somepeopleprefertogetadvicefromtheelderslikeparentsandteachers.Othersprefertogetadvicefromfriendsofthesameage.Whichdoyoupreferandwhy?GiveSpecificdetailsandexamplestoexplainyour33Someuniversitiesplantoreplacepaperbooksandmagazineswithelectronicbooks.Doyouagreeordisagree?Includereasonsandexamplestosupportyour34Whattypeofmusicdoyouenjoymost?Explainwhyyouenjoythistypeofmusic.Includereasonsanddetailsinyouexplanation.35Shouldstudentsgotoworkwithoutentering36Somepeopleprefertopreparemealsathome;othersliketoeatoutinrestaurants.Whichdoyouprefer?37youmustdoajobthatyoulove.Schoolclassshouldmeetseveraltimesaweekoronlyoncea38AgreeordisagreethatParentsarechildren’smostimportant39Whichtypeofexamdoyouprefer?Givereasonsandexamplesinyour40Somestudentsliketodotheir thingsalone.Whichonedoyoupreferandwhy?41Explainwhy!42SomepeopleprefertowatchentertainmentTVprogramswhileotherstowatcheducationalprograms.Whichdoyou43Whichdoyouprefer:preparedfoodorfreshfoodpreparedby44Agreeordisagree:Studentsshouldberequiredtowearschooluniformsto45Whenhavingsomeextramoney,somepeopleprefertosaveit,othersprefertospendit,whichonedoyouprefer?46Someteacherslikestogiveclassassignmentsin,othersliketogiveassignmentsby,whichdoyouthinkisbetter?Explainwhy.47Insteadofalwaysbeingbusy,oneshouldhavearelaxedlifestyle.Doyouagreeordisagreewiththeabovestatement?Whyorwhynot?Usespecificreasonsandexamplestosupportyouranswer.48、★★★★Doyouthinklearningeventstookplaceinthepastismoreimportant?Usespecificreasonsandexamplestosupportyouranswer.49Somecollegestudentsliketospendtheirtimefreetimestudyinganothercourseorngschoolwork.Othersliketojoinaclubandenjoyclubactivities.Whichdoyouthinkisbetterandwhy?50Whentraveling,doyouliketotakeplentyofphotosandsavetheticketsfor小马机经SPEAKING1theuniversityannouncedaewpolicythatpostersarenolongerreasonthatthepostersmakethebuildinglessattractive.firstly,shesaidthestudentcenterbuildingisaboringasuareandtheartisticpostersaddtoitscharacterandthecolorfulpostersmakethebuildingmoreattractive.second,notallstudentsgotothedinning2Reading:TheuniversitywantstoincreasethenumberofthereadersSuggestion1:lowerthepriceofnewspapersSuggesting2:havethenewspaperdeliveredtothestudents'dormsListening:ThewomandisagreesReason1:newspapersarealreadyverycheap,ittakesonly50cntstobuynewspapersReason2:havingthenewspapersdeliveredtothestudentsisnotpracticalbecausethecostistoohigh,theyhavetohirepeopleandrenta3再授一个人批改不过来那么多作业。2.现在的ASSITANT都有把学生的问题4Plan:Theschoolplanstoextendtheopenhouroftheuniversitydininghallto10pm.学校计划扩大学校的开放时间至晚上10时。51.ASSISTANT工作，再授一个人批改不过来那么多作业。2.现在的ASSITANT都有把学生6dininghalltabletalk，让教授加入午餐，可以7男生不同意一：住学校的同学也需要，因为宿舍很远。馆已经有locker，不需要再建。二：没必要专门为放busschedule建休息室，网上都可以查。89 少播announcements,以吸引学生听。 理由1：有很多commercialradiostationsmusic,有的电台甚至wholeday都playmusic。想听音乐的学生可以去听那些电台的。学生都有自己喜欢的音乐台，不会因为学校的radiostations多放音乐，就不去听他们爱听的音乐台的了。理由2：通过收听学校的announcements,学生们可以随时了解学校10一封letter建议把新生的orientation从Fallsmester的开头改到summer.a.summer校很远,如果非要改的话,这些学生可能都不会来参加orientation了;b.文章中说在Fallsemester开始,学生要买书搬新的宿舍等等很麻烦,但是女学生认为这些都managable,总比不来参加要好;c.文中说在orientation可以看见新roommates,orientation,想联系的话一样可以,比如要address.11thelunchtime.Reason1:GoodformusicstudentstohavechancestoperformReason2:Providefoodduringtheintersection.Listening:ThewomanReason1:Theuniversityusuallyhasonlyoneconcertatoftheyear,sothatmusicstudentsarenotabletoperformmanypiecesoftoperformmorepiecesofmusicthattheypracticed.Reason2:Themusicbuildingisfarawayfromotherclassbuildings.Studentshavetosqueezetheirtimetoattendtotheconcert.Soitisgreatthattheuniversityprovidesfoodforthemfortheirconvenience.1213ReadingProposal1:Theloungeinthedormshouldbechangedintoroom.Reason1:PeoplecangotheretostudyReason2:ThestudyroomshouldintheloungebecausepeoplewatchTVthere,andthedormroomscanbenoisytoobecausetheroommateisalwaysonthephoneorlisteningtomusic,andtheyhavenowheretostudy.Reason putersmakeitsomuoretogotothelibrarytousethecomputersthereandlibraryisclosedwhenit'stoolate.14原来intendedfor的活动，比如culturalactivities，extracurricularactivities,forexample,concerts.2)学校其他的academicdepartments已经有去开会。要求：summarizeproposal，然后说男生的评价 Readingkey：Schoolandextracurricularactivitieslikeconcerts.Reason2:academicconferencealreadyhasit'sbudget.Studentscanappleforaidsfromprofessors.15女人强烈支持1、时间在evening好啊，因为白天我们都很忙嘛，上课、打工2、在家里用internet做tutor好啊，因为他们就不用来学校了。有人住在40minhoursdriveaway。这样这些住得远的人也会interested。16Reading：Announcement:UnoversityshouldpavethepathwithconcreteandcreateapropersidewalkListening:jimdoesn'tagree.Reason1:Studentsarelazytocutacrossthelawn.Theyshouldwalkaroundinstead.Reason2:jimalsolikesthelawnthelawnslooknaturalwithoutthesidewalk.Dirtisalwaysbetterthanconcreteandthereisnoneedtochange.17reading学生提议increasetimebetweenclassesfrom10mtoTobeginwith.10misenoughforstudentstogotodifferentclasses,evenifyouarrivelater,theprofessorwillbeunderstandingandfillwhatyouhavemissedforusecondlyprofessorhasregularhoursforstudentstoaskquestionsandcansends。191）现在只有两个tutor，建议雇佣的2)WritingCenter1)原来只有两个tutor，theyhandleallthepapers.如果多聘用几个tutor， time;2)centre不会crowded。20【讲座】toremovevendingmachinefromhallwaysofclassroomsanddormitorybuildings从教室和宿舍楼的走廊上拆下的自动售货机junkfood,healthieroption;gooff-campusgrocery【学生态度】women【bettersolutiontoprovidenuts,dryfoodandjuiceinvendingmachines;shorttimetogooff-campusstoreandstorescloseat10p.m.andcan'tgetfoodatmidnight.【21 馆已经有locker，不22的造成的脏污不会再出现，而且由于这种书通常很重不便携带，在馆的阅览区23听到的歌(lessened-known)。 优点一：可以为学校吸引学生attract 助于educatestudents。 【学生议论】：X生赞成此倡议。 理由2：加入一些讨论音乐的，帮助了解音乐史等。24woman不同意,reason1:车场,从宿舍走到教学楼旁的停车场也只要15minute25ride-sharingprogramsamearea26Reading：fromschoolnewspaper,学校提供的电子阅读装置schoolprovideelectronicreadingdevice给童鞋们。好处easytocarry.Listening:woman同意。 理由：1、可以。以前买历史书要花上hundredsofdollars.另外还有好多课程也要花很多钱。用可以省下不少钱。 27学生的应该放在学习，而不应该在hobbies上;女学校,给了两个原因:1)她自己就针对不同的情况有时用DIGITALCAMERA有时用TRADITIONALCAMERA穿。说了一些关于DIGITALCAMERA对于背景的处理有缺陷，不能满足。而且专业的摄影师都是用TRADITIONALCAMERA的。影找到了工作。"28therearemanyunusedwallsartwork都没有利用。2930学校要开个writingcenter，帮学生辅导写作，说好，一个是可以帮助需要的同31费用。不同意1、这个城市虽然小但是也有很多公司可以实习朋友就找到一家。2、花销太贵了学校的经费还要做其他很多用处，会不够。32封信。Humanitystudylounge:AletterfromastudentsuggestingtosetupaloungeinsidetheHumanitybuilding.Sothatstudentscanhaveaplacetostudynearby,andalsoaplacetogettogetheranddiscuss【学生态度】：TheManintheconversationsupportsthisproposalforreasons.First,theycansavesometimegoingtothelibrary(10minutestogothereand10minutesback),anddosomethingusefulinhalfanhour.Second,theycanhaveaplacetogathertogetheranddiscuss.Forexample,hehadaclassaboutHamletlasttime,itwasverydifficult.Hisclassmatesandhehadn’tfinishedtheirdiscussionaboutHamletwhentheclasswasover.Sotheywantedtofindaplaceandkeepontalking.Buttheoutsidewasreallycold.人类研究休息室：从学生建议设立一个休息室里面的人类建筑的。使学生能有一个学习的地方附近，和地方一起讨论问题。【学生2书馆（10分钟去10分钟后），做半小时有用。其次，他们可以有一个地方在一起讨论。例如，他上次课的哈姆雷特，这是非常的。他的同学和他还没有完33 allocker。中的不同意，觉得34有个学生学了要改善学生公寓的厨房，可以再加一个冰箱同时用kitchensignupsheet，所以学生可以提前去预约那个地方。男学生不35breakfastservice,lunchanddinnerservicewillstillbeprovided36学校说下学期开始给新生做的campustour就不由admin来做了，让高年级学生自己做，某女很同意，理由一是admin太忙了，理由二是学生对campus有不同的看法，并且这些看法更practical.37应不应该让学生haveaccesstoborrow还是什么学生因为现在的电脑系统也很方便，而且给员工的工资不会造成财政负担。学校要不要学生haveaccesstoborrow，然后男的说，写作计算机系38letterbus，30~40，对于学生来说，能有bus真让人激动。男孩又说，如果再不是放bus可以往返于各个building因为平时要赶着考试library,dormitory之类的，有了bus很方便。39 一方面在宿舍旁边方便亲戚朋友来访，一方面：价格便宜，40每晚。 40阅读：学校要求所有同学参加careerskillworkshop,增加学生的skills。 理由一：他有很多工作，所以已经有很多skills和工作经理由二：workshop时间swithstudents‘summerplan，很多学生有internship，而这个training是安排在暑41多人因为1.有的学生（比如她自己），学习能力强，不需要这门课的帮Announcement:schoolisplanningtoofferfirstyearstudentsBiologyclassReason1:gainlearningskillsReason2:makefriendswithseniorsWomandisagreeReason1:firstyearstudentsalreadyknowhowtondependentstudy,theyalreadyhavetheskills.Reason2:Biologyisnotreallyaintheseclasses42学生写信建议学校取消学期末的喜剧表演Thestudentlettersuggeststheuniversityshouldcancelthecomedyshowatofthesemesterbecauseitwillbetoonoisyforthestudentstoreviewinthedormitoryandtherewillbeheavytraffic,whichisinconvenient.434420%Reading;Announcement:studentswillListening:Themanthinksit'sagreatideaReason1:studentseatonbusiness.Thediscountwillencouragemorestudentstoeatattheseplacesthusboostbusinessfortheserestaurants.它将提高当地餐馆听销售的人认为1：学生吃的所有时间里，它会无聊到天天吃一样的东西。这2：这是一个小城镇，当地的餐馆正在为没有足够的业务。折扣将鼓励的学生到这些地方吃饭从而提振业务这些45machinepaintingblur，看不清楚details，可是艺术的excellence主要都在details上。。464748有一次的concert，二来可以帮助孩子们提高音乐。49Readingproposal：ThestudentsuggeststheuniversitytoallowstudentstoanewenvironmentReason2:Theycanputabenchorsomethingonthelawnforthestudentstositon.Listening:ThemandisagreesReason1:Therearetoomanydistractions,forinstanceafriendwhopassesbymaywanttosayhiorevenabirdthatfliesbycandistractthestudents.Whenthey'reintheclassroom,theycansimplyclosethedoortomakesureeverybodyconcentrates.Reason2:Thespaceislimited,studentsusuallybringtheirlaptopswiththemtotakenotes,thismeanssomepeoplehavetositonthegroundwhichis fortableandmayaffecttheirnote-takingas50来刷新自己的头脑在馆看书时，那他们会不泄漏任何饮料。在交谈中，女人不同意这个建议。首先，在馆附近的咖啡馆。花几分钟时coffeeorteatorefreshtheirmindwhilereadinginthelibrary,andthattheywillbecarefulnottospillanydrink.isacafenearthelibrary.Takingafewminutesofffromthelibraryhavingalittlewalkisagoodwaytorelax.Also,accidentsdohappensometimesnomatterhowcarefulyou’re,sointhelongrun,therewillbestainsonthebooksordamagetothecomputer.SPEAKING1阅读关于一个心理学上一个有顺序东西的方法L。教授讲用这个方法landmarkfromyourdormtostudentcenter.thefirstthingyouseeisthefrontdoorthenthetreethenthestatusinfrontoflibrarythenthebuilding.再一一对应。比如tomemorizeplanetinsolarsystem.makeMercuryasfrontdoor,Venusastreeetc.选的东西要vivid，更好记2sociallearning：onewaytolearnfromwatchingother’sbehavior;买；相反，如果，不理的哭闹，而且还回家后不让看她喜欢的电视来惩罚她，这样男孩就不会通过哭闹来让卖东3且常常边打字便和寝室同学但是这样做的结果就是他在打字的时候犯的错误4举了两个例子：１)penguin，他们为了survive暖bunchtogetherKeep在一起躲避predator，大的在外面，小的在里面．5文章育方面中，有时候老师提问没听讲的同学一个问题，不等学生回答，教授继续往下讲，学payattention了。讲座中，教授举了自己教小孩的例子。娘叫sarah，她从不举授有一天就说阿，sarah你知不知道你这么做别人sarahsarah知道举手了。6文章：informationoverload的原理 application，所以公司不会全部看，只会挑出resume的一部分来看；另一个是7Aggressiverecruiting大部分人都继续使用该服务，于是增加了gymcustomerbasis，是有效的8一种加州的动物松鼠，它的主要敌人是mountainlion.尤其是吃母的。当她发现有？时候会发生一种高pitch的calling来警告同伴赶紧逃跑但是他的calling会引来lion，因此自己很可能被，她牺牲了自己逃走的机会，但是给同伴留了生路，尤其是familymember在附近的时候9101112Rodestakebackleavesfrombothgroupstofeedthecaterpillarsinthelabistleavesarepoisonous,makingthecaterpillarssick,thisisnotthat~~~~~airbomewam木L:科学家锚地柳树分为两组是由幼虫,二是从昆虫清洁锚地收回叶子从两组喂养幼虫在是叶子是的,使幼虫病了,这并不奇怪,然而,2日离开也让毛虫病了,说明~~~~~13informationexceedspeople’scapacitytoprocessTheprofessorgivestwoexamples.First,whenacompanyrecruits,theymightreceivealotofapplicationsonthefirstday,buttheydon’thavetimetogothrougheveryapplication,sotheyonlylookatsomeimportantinformationandignoretherest.Second,sometimeswhenpeoplereceivetoomuchinformation,likewhentheyaremendedtoomanymaterials,theymightjustnotlookatanythingatall.214clinalvariation:heatcontrol可以减少热消耗，这样就可以在hotweather里生存了。北方的麻雀长的大，这样他们可以适应coldweather，成功的生存下来。15respendingeffect，energy-efficientappliance，最后是消耗了的energy。教授用一个家庭的例子说明，有个家庭有个oldoverallcost升高了。16阅读：diminishingeffects，就是人们会因为某些behavior有negativeeffects而不做，但看到别人做而没有negativeresults时就也会做：professor讲了自己的经历，他刚college毕业时，在law什么什么工作，aseriousjob，他穿的formal，从不从不在workplace吃东西但是他看到co-workerJane开getintotroubleswiththeboss，17阅读：JointVenture.讲的是公司合作的问题，两个不同领域的公司，综合业务， ：教授举例，说一家电视公司（TVnewscompany）想建一个，这样顾客就方便看到的消息。但是公司没有人才去建，不能提供newsreadonline，所以他们决定和一家科技公司（technologygroup）合作，新闻公司提供资讯，科技公司提供技术运营（maintainwebsite）。然后发展的 18阅读：opportunitycost：thebenefitspeoplemustgiveupwhenchooseanoptionoveranotherone.：一方面学校里没有游泳池（swimmingpool），一方面馆（library）太小，放不了很多书。馆可以提供地方给学生study和researchswimmingpool，并且效果很好，但它就放弃了建library的好处。这样做的机会成本就是馆的书不够用，同学没19力里是授带着两组小孩去馆让他们找到自己想要的书一个小姑娘想要找XX故事，教授说这种故事会有特殊的分类后来小找到了这本书。20modling，用来给顾客示范产品的亮点和怎么用。教授用例子他儿子想买冰激凌机，他一开始觉得不好，看了电视上一个一女的一步步做出好的冰激凌21框架定义：消费者对产品的意见是由的事实后改变。Term: Definition:Consumer’sopinionaboutaproductisalteredafter-the-factbyadvertisement.(Theadvertisementcouldexertpositiveeffecton theresearchersaddedsomesaltandvinegarintoitsotheywerecertain,thecoffeewouldn’ttastegood.Afterthat,theyshowedthesevolunteerspeoplesaiditwas“delicious”andthey“likedit”.22【讲座】人在面对一个problem的时候会有两种选择(1)donothing;(2)take 【内容讲解】人们一般会donothing，因为takeaction很可能带来negativeeffects 但后来遇见了trafficjam，堵了半个小时，基本一动不动。这时他想到了analternativeroad,只不过那条路有点绕远最终教授还是决定在现在这条继续missedflight23HaloError，就是当你见到这个人第一面这个人向你展示他擅长的一面你就会觉住了一年以后教授觉得他太糟糕了他的生活方面自理太差屋子里乱爆了于是他不再和他住在一起了这是他产生了疑问当他第一次见到他时为什么觉得他甚至在自理方面很好甚至他都没见过Jame是怎么自理生活的这就是HaloErrorTerm:HaloErrorDefinition:peopletendtoshowtheirbestaspectwhentheyfirstmet.Thispositivewilleffectpeople’sjudgmentExample:theprofessormethisfriendJameswhoknowseverythingaboutMathandScience.Sotheprofessoraskedtoshareadormroomwithhis.Butafterayear,theprofessorfoundoutthatJamesisareallymessy .Henevercleansuphisownmessandprofessornolongerwantedtolivewithhisanymore.ThegoodimpressiontheprofessorgotfromJameswhentheyfirstmetcloudedtheprofessor’sjudgement.Itgottheprofessortothinkofhimasbeingaperfectroommatewhichwaswrong.24中心词的意思是可以让一些人或动物不想要比其他人更少的。研究用两组猴子做实验，一开始两组猴子都给葡萄，他们很开心，然后实验给第一组猴子25Peoblem:Thegirlhasamovieclasstogotomorrow,itwillbethelastclassofthesemestertheteacherwillplayamovieshewantstowriteaboutforherfinalpaperandtheyhavetoparticipateindiscussiontoo,butshe'sgotadoctorappointmentscheduledatthesametimeSolution1:shecanrentthemovietowatchathomePro:/Con:shewon'tbeabletohearthecommentsoftheteacher'sSolution2:writeaboutothermoviesPro：itcouldworkCon：she'snotinterestedinothermovies26Reading:Definition:Biologicalmimicryiswhenscientistsgetinspiredobservingthelivinghabitsofanimalsandplants,andthenapplythemtohumanlife.Lecture:Theprofessoristalkingaboutandflatplantcalledlilypadwhichusuallyfloatsabovewaterwhiletherootofitstaysunderwater,scientistsinventedsolarlilypadsbasedonthisplant,it'sakindofsolardevicewithandflatpanelfloatingonthesurfaceofwaterwiththegeneratorunderwater,itcanabsorbenergyfromthesunandcreateelectricity.27：ality，并且对他有比较好的印象都觉得这个人很qualified,会成为一个很好的销售28最终结果与他们之前的协议不同，从而造成的例子Definition:Scopecreekmeanstherequestaclientmakeslateronisdifferentwiththeagreementtheyhadbefore,andthuscauseaExample:Theprofessor’sfriendthewoodenfencepaintedwhitewhentheworkwasalmostdone,thatwassomethingtheydidn’tagreeonatthebeginning,sotherewasa,eventhoughtheprofessor’sfriendagreedtopaintthefencewhite,itwasanunpleasantexperience2930环境 31阻抗意味着的人被限制的概念，他们更想恢复他们的自由Definition：Conceptofreactancemeansthatthemorepeoplearerestricted，themoretheywanttorestoretheirfreedomExample1：Akidlikestoplayonaplaygroundandhegoestherealot，whenhisparentslhimnotto，hewillfeelevenmoreeagertogoExample2：Soapcontainsthischemicalthatcancontaminatetheenvironment，andpeoplefeellikeusingitmorewhenthey'rerestrictedtodoso不然会感冒，但是，长大后才知道是感冒引起感冒，并不是温度，冬天感冒几32"是anticipatedconsequence，在做决定之前要先想可能性的教授讲到要给姐姐买，但自己发现了好看的jacket。不够，如果买了授最终没有买jacket，给姐姐买了很好的。"33动物走动，与其他力量的帮助【Definition】Animalsmovearoundwiththehelpofotherforces.Examples】Spidersareborninagroup,butlatertheyhavetomovearoundforfoodduetocompetition,butsincewalkingandjumconsumealotoftheirenergy,andtheycan'tgofar,theyusuallymovearoundwiththehelpofwind.34whenananimalsendsoutmisleadingsignalstoattractotheranimalsListening:Femalesmothsusuallyreleaseachemicalsmelltoattractandleadmalemoths,butspiderscansendoutasimilarsignaltodeceiveandmisleadmalemoths.35animalcoloration，说是动物会具有一种独特的颜色，这种颜色会警告它的捕食者，如果被，它就会，吃过苦头的者下次见到这种颜色的动物就会避而远之。教授说了一个例子，skunk毛从头部延伸到尾巴，它被时会竖起毛，尾巴上的腺体喷出十分难闻的气体。Inthebiologyclass,theprofessorusedtheexampleofskunktoliftitstailandsprayaterriblesmellingliquidfromitsglanovertheskunkagain,thewalfwillleavetheskunkalone.36R:ThetermistheLearningtransfer,thethingsyouusedtolearnisusefulforthethingsyouwilllearninthefuture.Learningtransferdividesintotwotypesoneispositivetransferandanotherisnegativetransfer.L:(Theprofessor)Well,todaywewilltalkaboutthelearningtransfer.Thishappensalotinourdailylife.Learningtransferdividesintotwotypes,oneispositivetransferandanotherisnegativetransfer.Thepositivetransferisthetransferthatassistus,forexample,whenInotseethekeyboardswhileIwasplaying.AndwhenIlearnedtoplaythebuttypewhilejustwatchingthescreen.SowhatIusedtolearnisveryhelpfulforthethingsIwilllearninthefutureandthiskindwecallit""thepositivetransfer"".Thesecondtype,thenegativetransferistheandwasaskedtospeakloudlyinordertobeheardbyaudiences,whenhetobeamoviestar,hecannotchangeit,andtheteacheralwaysaskedhimtokeephisvoicedownatthefirstweek,itisthenegativetransfer.37Thetermistheplacemarketing,itisamarketingstrategytopromotethemostuniquefeaturesofaplacewhichcandistinguishitfromothers.L:(Theprofessor)Well,todaywewilltalkabouttheplacemarketing.Forexample,aseasidetownwhichhasabeautifulbeachandmanybicyclepathsaroundit,butthemostattractivefeaturesofthetownarethebicyclepathsthere,sothetownusestheseasitsuniquefeaturesformarketingns,advertisingthatpeoplecannotonlyenjoybeachherebutalsoplayvolleyball,docyclingandothersports.Thiswillattractmanyactiveyoungpeopleandthosewholoveexercise,andasaresultmanyotherbusinessescsobedeveloped,suchashosandsportsequipment.38人们看到的取决于他们的经历R:Thetermisthepriming,itmeansthewaypeopleinterpretsomethingthatpeopleseedependsonwhattheirexperienceL:(Theprofessor)Well,todaywewilltalkaboutthepriming.Iwillgiveanexampletoillustratethisterm.Forinstance,twowomensawastrangermansitnearbywhentheyareonthebus,themanopenednotebookandwrotesomethingonit.Onewillthinkofstudentwhenseeingamanonthebusbecauseshemethercollegefriendearlier.Anotherwillthinkthemanisapoetrybecauseshejustreadapoembookearlier.39阅读文章介绍了一项被称为象征性的，这是一种有效的工具在课堂纪律良好行为的学生。Reading:Thereadingpassageintroducesatermcalledtokenreward,whichisaneffectivedisciplinetoolintheclassroomtorewardstudentswithdesirablebehaviors.Listening:(Theprofessor)Well,todaywewilltalkaboutthetokenreward.Iwillgiveanexampletoillustratethisterm.Forinstance,therewasaclassIoncetaught,whichhadafewunrulyandnoisykids.Soitheotherquietkidswith15minutesextratimetoplayontheplayground.todrawintheclassroom.SoIdevisedanotherrewardsysteminwhichIrewardedgoodkidswithwoodcoins.Thekidscouldearnenoughcoinstoallthekidsintheclassweremotivatedandtheirbehaviorswere40aconceptof当表演中出了一点问题，heforgottolalines.但教授夫妇觉得表是他又得到了一个机会去表演，他也了，原因是觉得自己不是一个goodactor.41Sampleanswer:一些废弃的房子，但具有历史价值的可重复使用和赋予新的功能Ther