2016职称英语-答题技巧补全短文第2讲

学派网英语答题技巧主讲人：提示3：相邻语句会通过词语衔 ,语法衔 形成意义上的衔接和连 相 词之间的呼e.g.e.g.choice–option-e.g.beneficial-正反义词之间的e.g.increase–词之间的呼e.g.efficiency–

rise–fall,up–语篇衔接词回指上文(e.gshe,hetheproblemthismane.g.Agirlissinginginthenextroom.SheissaidtobeTheBilingualWhenKarlKimimmigratedtotheUnitedStatesfromKoreasateenager,hehadahardtimelearningEnglish.Nowhespeaksitfluently,andhehadauniqueopportunitytoseehowourbrainsadapttoasecondlanguage.Asagraduatestudent,KimworkedinthelabofJoyHirsch,aneuroscientistinNewYork.1Theyfoundevidencethatchildrenandadultsdon'tusethesamepartsofthebrainwhentheylearnasecondlanguage.TheresearchersusedaninstrumentcalledanMRI(magneticresonanceimaging)scannertostudythebrainsoftwogroupsofbilingualpeople.2.Theotherconsistedofpeoplewho,likeKim,learnedtheirsecondlanguagelaterinlife.PeoplefrombothgroupswereplacedinsidetheMRIscanner.ThisallowedKimandHirschtoseewhichpartsofthebrainweregettingmorebloodandweremoreactive.Theyaskedpeoplefrombothgroupstothinkaboutwhattheyhaddonethedaybefore,firstinonelanguageandthentheother.Theycouldn'tspeakoutloudbecauseanymovementwoulddisruptthescanning.TheBilingualKimandHirschlookedspecificallyattwolanguagecentersinthebrain-Broca'sarea~,whichisbelievedtocontrolspeechproduction,andWernicke'sarea,whichisthoughttoprocessmeaning.KimandHirschfoundthatbothgroupsofpeopleusedthesamepartofWernicke'sareanomatterwhatlanguagetheywerespeaking.3PeoplewholearnedasecondlanguageaschildrenusedthesameregioninBroca'sareaforboththeirfirstandsecondlanguages.PeoplewholearnedasecondlanguagelaterinlifeusedadifferentpartofBroca'sareafortheirsecondlanguage.4Hirschbelievesthatwhenlanguageisfirstbeingprogrammedinyoungchildren,theirbrainsmaymixthesoundsandstructuresofalllanguagesinthesamearea.Oncethatprogrammingiscomplete,theprocessingofanewlanguagemustbetakenoverbyadifferentpartofthebrain.TheBilingualAsecondpossibilityissimplythatwemayacquirelanguagesdifferentlyaschildrenthanwedoasadults.Hirschthinksthatmothersteachababytospeakbyusingdifferentmethodsinvolvingtouch,sound,andsight.5.ButtheiruseofBroca'sareawasOnegroupconsistedofthosewhohadlearnedasecondlanguageaschildren.HowdoesHirschexplainthisWeusespecialpartsofthebrainforlanguageAndthatisverydifferentfromlearningalanguageinahighschoolorcollegeclass.TheirworkledtoanimportantTheBilingualAButtheiruseofBroca'sareawasBOnegroupconsistedofthosewhohadlearnedasecondlanguageasCHowdoesHirschexplainthisDWeusespecialpartsofthebrainforlanguageEAndthatisverydifferentfromlearningalanguageinahighschoolorcollege√FTheirworkledtoanimportantWhenKarlKimimmigratedtotheUnitedStatesfromKoreasateenager,hehadahardtimelearningEnglish.Nowhespeaksitfluently,andhehadauniqueopportunitytoseehowourbrainsadapttoasecondlanguage.Asagraduatestudent,KimworkedinthelabofJoyHirsch,aneuroscientistinNewYork. 1Theyfoundevidencethatchildrenandadultsdon'tusethesamepartsofthebrainwhentheylearnasecondlanguage.答题思路:识别词语衔 +语法衔 (基调时态一致TheBilingualAButtheiruseofBroca'sareawas√BOnegroupconsistedofthosewhohadlearnedasecondlanguageasCHowdoesHirschexplainthisDWeusespecialpartsofthebrainforlanguageEAndthatisverydifferentfromlearningalanguageinahighschoolorcollegeTheresearchersusedaninstrumentcalledanMRI(magneticresonanceimaging)scannertostudythebrainsoftwogroupsofbilingualpeople. .Theotherconsistedofpeoplewho,likeKim,learnedtheirsecondlanguagelaterinlife.PeoplefrombothgroupswereplacedinsidetheMRIscanner.ThisallowedKimandHirschtoseewhichpartsofthebrainweregettingmorebloodandweremoreactive.Theyaskedpeoplefrombothgroupstothinkaboutwhattheyhaddonethedaybefore,firstinonelanguageandthentheother.Theycouldn'tspeakoutloudbecauseanymovementwoulddisruptthescanning.考点:上下文之间的写作逻辑:对比关答题思路:识别词语衔 (基调时态一致TheBilingualAButtheiruseofBroca'sareawas×CHowdoesHirschexplainthis×DWeusespecialpartsofthebrainforlanguage×EAndthatisverydifferentfromlearningalanguageinahighschoolorKimandHirschlookedspecificallyattwolanguagecentersinthebrain-Broca'sarea,whichisbelievedtocontrolspeechproduction,andWernicke'sarea,whichisthoughttoprocessmeaning.KimandHirschfoundthatbothgroupsofpeopleusedthesamepartWernicke'sareanomatterwhatlanguagetheywerespeaking. 考点:上下文之间的写作逻辑:转折关答题思路:识别词语衔 (their--they)+语法衔 (基调时态一致TheBilingualCHowdoesHirschexplainthisDWeusespecialpartsofthebrainforlanguageEAndthatisverydifferentfromlearningalanguageinahighschoolorcollegePeoplewholearnedasecondlanguageaschildrenusedthesameregioninBroca'sareaforboththeirfirstandsecondlanguages.PeoplewholearnedasecondlanguagelaterinlifeusedadifferentpartofBroca'sareafortheirsecondlanguage.4Hirschbelievesthatwhenlanguageisfirstbeingprogrammedinyoungchildren,theirbrainsmaymixthesoundsandstructuresofalllanguagesinthesamearea.Oncethatprogrammingiscomplete,theprocessingofanewlanguagemustbetakenoverbyadifferentpartofthebrain.考点上下文之间的写作逻辑解释答题思路:识别词语衔接AmemoryIt’sdifficulttoimaginemanythingsthatpeoplewould emorethanamemory-enhancingdrug.1Furthermore,suchadrugcouldhelppeoplerememberpastexperiencesmoreclearlyandhelpusacquirenewinformationmoreeasilyforschoolandatwork.Asscientistslearnmoreaboutmemory,weareclosinginonthistantalizinggoal.SomeofthemostexcitingevidencecomesfromresearchthathasbuiltonearlierfindingslinkingLTPandmemorytoidentifyagenethatimprovesmemoryinmice.2MicebredtohaveextracopiesofthisgeneshowedmoreactivityintheirNMDAreceptors，moreLTP，andimprovedperformanceonseveraldifferentmemorytasks—learningaspatiallayout,recognizingfamiliarobjects，andrecallingafear-inducingshock.AmemoryMemorydrugsmightalsohelptakethestingoutofdisturbingmemoriesthatwewishwecouldforgetbutcan’t.4The2004hitmovieEternalSunshineoftheSpotlessMindtoldthestoryofayoungmanseekingjustsuchfreedomfromthepainfulmemoriesofaromanticbreakup.Asyouwillseeinthesectiononpersistencelaterinthechapter,emotionallyarousingeventsoftencreateintrusivememories,andresearchershavealreadymutedemotionalmemorieswithdrugsthatblocktheactionofkeyhormones.Shouldemergencyworkerswhomustconfronthorrifyingaccidentscenesthatcanburdenthemwithpersistingmemoriesbeprovidedwithsuchdrugs?Shouldsuchdrugsbegiventorapevictimswhocan’tforgetthetrauma?Memorydrugsmightprovidesomerelieftosuchindividuals.Butcouldtheyalsointerferewithanindividual’sabilitytoassimilateandcometotermswithadifficultexperience?5词汇hitn演出等)成功v打碰撞打击AmemoryLikesteroidsforbulkingupthemuscles,thesedrugswouldbulkupAmemoryenhancercouldhelpeliminateforgettingassociatedwithagingandWhatarethepotentialimplicationsofmemory-enhancingdrugsforWemayfindourselvesstrugglingwiththesekindsofquestionsinthenot-too-distantfuture.Thereisapillthatyoucouldtakeeverydaytoallowyoutoremember√FThegenemakesaproteinthatassiststheNMDA2receptor，whichplaysimportantroleinlong-termmemoryby to 提示：被选项之间存在时态差异,因此“基调时态一致性”是一个重要的解题线AmemoryLikesteroidsforbulkingupthemuscles,thesedrugswouldbulkup AmemoryenhancercouldhelpeliminateforgettingassociatedwithagingandWhatarethepotentialimplicationsofmemory-enhancingdrugsforworkplace定义句结构WhatareWemayfindourselvesstrugglingwiththesekindsofquestionsinthenot-too-distantfuture.ThereisapillthatyoucouldtakeeverydaytoallowyoutorememberThegenemakesaproteinthatassiststheNMDA2receptor，whichplaysimportantroleinlong-termmemoryby to 提示:疑问句常出现在段落的开头部Amemory Whatarethepotentialimplicationsofmemory-enhancingdrugsfortheworkplace?(定义句结构:Whatare..?):4Imaginethatyouareapplyingforajobthatrequiresagood，suchasamanageratatechnologycompanyorasalespositionthatrequiresrememberingcustomers’namesaswellastheattributesofdifferentproductsandservices.Wouldyoutakeamemory-enhancingdrugtoincreaseyourchancesoflandingtheposition?Wouldpeoplewhofelt fortabletakingsuchadrugfindthemselvescutoutoflucrativecareeropportunities?Amemory ThegenemakesaproteinthatassiststheNMDA2receptor，whichplaysanimportantroleinlong-termmemorybyhel toinitia SomeofthemostexcitingevidencecomesfromresearchthathasbuiltonfindingslinkingLTPandmemorytoidentifyagenethatimprovesmemoryin2MicebredtohaveextracopiesofthisgeneshowedmoreactivityintheirNMDAreceptors，moreLTP，andimprovedperformanceonseveraldifferentmemorytasks—learningaspatiallayout,recognizingfamiliarobjects，andrecallingafear-inducingshock.Ifthesebasicinsightsaboutgenes,LTP,andthesynapticbasisofmemorycanbetranslatedtopeople—andthatremainstobeseen—theycouldpavethewayformemory-enhancingtreatments.3Asexcitingasthismaysound,italsoraisestroublingissues.Amemory Wemayfindourselvesstrugglingwiththesekindsofquestionsinthenot-too-distantfuture.….Asyouwillseeinthesectiononpersistencelaterinthechapter,emotionallyarousingeventsoftencreateintrusivememories,andresearchershavealreadymutedemotionalmemorieswithdrugsthatblocktheactionofkeyhormones.Shouldemergencyworkerswhomustconfronthorrifyingaccidentscenesthatcanburdenthemwithpersistingmemoriesbeprovidedwithsuchdrugs?Shouldsuchdrugsbegiventorapevictimswhocan’tforgetthetrauma?Memorydrugsmightprovidesomerelieftosuchindividuals.Butcouldtheyalsointerferewithanindividual’sabilitytoassimilateandcometotermswithadifficultexperience?5AmemoryLikesteroidsforbulkingupthemuscles,thesedrugswouldbulkupAmemoryenhancercouldhelpeliminateforgettingassociatedwithagingandWemayfindourselvesstrugglingwiththesekindsofquestionsinthenot-too-distantfuture.ThereisapillthatyoucouldtakeeverydaytoallowyoutorememberIt’sdifficulttoimaginemanythingsthatpeoplewould emorethanamemory-enhancingdrug.1Furthermore,suchadrugcouldhelppeoplerememberpastexperiencesmoreclearlyandhelpusacquirenewinformationmoreeasilyforschoolandatwork.Asscientistslearnmoreaboutmemory,weareclosinginonthistantalizinggoal.提示:空格后句中的前5个单词里如果出现了语篇衔接词(she,her,he,his,him,this/that/those/these+n.,the+n.,such(a)+n.,both+n.,either+n.,neither+ Amemory Likesteroidsforbulkingupthemuscles,thesedrugswouldbulkup Thereisapillthatyoucouldtakeeverydaytoallowyoutoremember提示如果剩下的选项中既没有典型体现上下文之间特殊逻辑的逻辑词,也没有数字/数词和专有名词则哪个选项中包含了语篇衔接词则该选项往往是2013年B级补全短文试TheToughGrassthatSweetensOurSugarcanewasonceawildgrassthatgrewinNewGuineaandwasusedbylocalpeopleforroofingtheirhousesandfencingtheirgardens.Graduallyadifferentvarietyevolvedwhichcontainedsucrose（蔗糖）andwaschewedonforitssweettaste.Overtime，sugarcanebecameahighlyvaluablecommercialplant，grownthroughouttheworld.（46）Sugarbecameavitalingredientinallkindsofthings，from（糖果点心）tomedicine，and，asthedemandforsugargrew，thebecamelargerandmoreprofitable. (47) Manycrops（枯萎）anddied，despitegrowersattemptstosavethem，andtherewerefearsthatthehealthoftheplantwouldcontinuetodeteriorate.TheToughGrassthatSweetensOurInthe1960s，scientistsworkinginBarbodoslookedforwaystomakethecommercialspeciesstrongerandmoreabletoresistdisease.Theyexperimentedwithbreedingprogrammes，mixinggenesfromthemoredelicate，commercialtype.（48）Thissugarcaneisnotyetreadytobesoldcommercially，butwhenthishappens，itisexpectedtobeincredibleprofitablefortheindustry.(49)Brazil，whichproducesonequarteroftheworld’ssugar，hascoordinatedaninternationalprojectunderProfessorPauloArrudooftheUniversidadeEstaudualdeCampinasinSaoPaulo.Teamsofexpertshaveworkedwithhimtodiscovermoreaboutwhichpartsofthegeneticstructureoftheplantareimportantfortheproductionofsugaranditsoverallhealth.2013年B级补全短文试TheToughGrassthatSweetensOurDespitealltheresearch，however，westilldonotfullyunderstandhowthegenesinsugarcane.（50）Thisgeneisparticularlyexcitingbecauseitmakestheplantresistanttorust,adiseasewhichprobably ,butisnowcapableofinfectingsugarcaneacrosstheworld.Scientistbelievetheywilleventuallybeabletogrowaplantwhichcannotbedestroyedbyrust.2013年B级补全短文试TheToughGrassthatSweetensOurASincethe1960s，scientistshave ysingthemysteriousofthecanesgeneticBUnfortuna y，however，theplantstartedto eweakerandmorepronetodisease.CThemajorityoftheworld’ssugarnowcomesfromthisparticularDOnemajorgenehasbeenidentifiedbyDr.AngelliqueD’HontandherteamEEventually，acommercialplantwasdevelopedwhichwas5percentthanbefore，butalsomuchstrongerandlesslikelytodiefromFSugarcaneisnowmu orevigorousandthesupplyofsugaristhereforemore2013年B级补全短文试TheToughGrassthatSweetensOur√B y，however，theplantstarted eweakerandmoreproneSugarcanewasonceawildgrassthatgrewinNewGuineaandwasusedbylocalpeopleforroofingtheirhousesandfencingtheirgardens.Graduallyadifferentvarietyevolvedwhichcontainedsucrose（蔗糖）andwaschewedonforitssweettaste.Overtime，sugarcanebecameahighlyvaluablecommercialplant，grownthroughouttheworld. Sugarbecameavitalingredientinallkindsofthings，fromconfectionery（糖果点心）tomedicine，and，asthedemandforsugargrew，theindustrybecamelargerandmoreprofitable. (47) Manycropswithered（枯萎）anddied，despitegrowers’attemptstosavethem，andtherewerefearsthatthehealthoftheplantwouldcontinueto 2013年B级补全短文试TheToughGrassthatSweetensOurDOnemajorgenehasbeenidentifiedbyDr.AngelliqueD’HontandherteamDespitealltheresearch，however，westilldonotfullyunderstandhowthegenesinsugarcane. Thisgeneisparticularlyexcitingbecauseitmakestheplantresistanttorust,adiseasewhichprobablyoriginated ,butisnowcapableofinfectingsugarcaneacrosstheworld.Scientistbelievetheywilleventuallybeabletogrowaplantwhichcannotbedestroyedbyrust. 2013年B级补全短文试TheToughGrassthatSweetensOurEEventually，acommercialplantwasdevelopedwhichwas5percentsweeterthanbefore，butalsomuchstrongerandlesslikelytodiefromInthe1960s，scientistsworkinginBarbodoslookedforwaystomakethecommercialspeciesstrongerandmoreabletoresistdisease.Theyexperimentedwithbreedingprogrammes，mixinggenesfromthemoredelicate，commercialtype. Thissugarcaneisnotyetreadytobesoldcommercially，butwhenthishappens，itisexpectedtobeincredibleprofitablefortheindustry. （基调时态一致性）+词汇衔2013年B级补全短文试TheToughGrassthatSweetensOurASincethe1960s，scientistshavebeen ysingthemysteriousofthesugarcanesgeneticcode.CThemajorityoftheworld’ssugarnowcomesfromthisparticularcommercialFSugarcaneisnowmu orevigorousandthesupplyofsugaristhereforemore Brazil，whichproducesonequarteroftheworld’ssugar，hascoordinatedaninternationalprojectunderProfessorPauloArrudooftheUniversidadeEstaudualdeCampinasinSaoPaulo.Teamsofexpertshaveworkedwithhimtodiscovermoreaboutwhichpartsofthegeneticstructureoftheplantareimportantfortheproductionofsugaranditsoverallhealth.2013年A级补全短文试

ToadsareArthriticandinArthritisisanillnessthatcancausepainandswellinginyourbones.Toads,abigprobleminthenorthofAustralia,aresufferingfrompainfularthritisintheirlegsandbackbone,anewstudyhasshown.Thetoadsthatjumpthefastestaremorelikelytobelargerandtohavelongerlegs.46 Thelargeyellowtoads,nativetoSouthandCentralAmerica,wereintroducedintothenorth-easternAustralianstateofQueenslandin193Sinanattempttostopbeetlesandotherinsectsfromdestroyingsugarcanecrops.Nowupto200millionofthepoisonoustoadsexistinthecountry,andtheyarerapidlyspreadingthroughthestateofNorthernTerritoryatarateofupto60kmayear.Thetoadscannowbefoundacrossmorethanonemillionsquarekilometers. wastriedinthe1990sbuthadtoabandonedafteritwasfoundtoalsokill 2013年A级补全短文试

ToadsareArthriticandinThetoadshaveseverelyaffectedecosystemsinAustralia.Animals,andsometimespets,thateatthetoadsdieimmediayfromtheirpoison,andthetoadsthemselveseatanythingtheycanfitinsidetheirmouth.48 Aco-authorofthenewstudy,RickShine,aprofessorattheUniversityofSydney,saysthatlittleattentionhasbeengiventotheproblemsthattoadsface.Rickandhiscolleaguesstudiednearly500toadsfromQueenslandandtheNorthernTerritoryandfoundthatthoseinthelatterstatewereverydifferent.Theywereactive,sprintingdownroadsandbreedingAccordingtotheresultsofthestudy,thefastesttoadstravelnearlyonekilometreanight.49 .Butspeedandstrengthcomeataprice—arthritisofthelegsandbackboneduetoconstantpressureplacedonthem.Inlaboratorytests,theresearchersfoundthatafterabout15minutesofhop,arthritictoadswouldtravellessdistancewitheachhop.50 .Thesetoadsaresoprogrammedtomove,apparently,thatevenwheninpainthetoadstravelledasfastandasfarasthehealthyones,continuingtheirrelentlessmarchacrossthelandscape.2013年A级补全短文试

ToadsareArthriticandinToadswithlongerlegsmovefasterandtravellongerdistances,whiletheothersarebeingleftbehind.Butarthritisdidn’tslowdowntoadsoutsidethelaboratory,theresearchers Furthermore,theysoontakeoverthenaturalhabitatsofAustralia’snativeThetasknowfacingthecountryishowtoremovetheButthisadvantagealsohasabigdrawback—upto10%ofthetoadssufferfromToadsarenotbuilttoberoadrunners—theyarebuilttositaroundpondsandwetareas.提示：被选项之间存在时态差异，因此时态是可以帮助解题的一个重2013年A级补全短文试

ToadsareArthriticandinB.Butarthritisdidn’tslowdowntoadsoutsidethelaboratory,theresearchers….Nowupto200millionofthepoisonoustoadsexistinthec