国际贸易术语International-Trade-Terms讲解课件

InternationaltradetermsInternationaltradeterms1

EUR500.00perM/TFOBShanghaiCurrencyUnitpricemeasurementInternationaltradetermsCurrencyUnitpricemeasurementI2T-shirt…atUSD3.50/pc.CIFNewYork国际贸易术语International-Trade-Terms讲解课件3?WhyInternationaltradetermsareneededEachtransactioninvolvesnumerousproceduresincludingcustomsclearance,transportation,insurance,inspectionandsoforth.Eachproceduremustbecompletedbyeitherthesellerorthebuyer.Theremustbeaclearspecificationregardingthefollowingissues:?WhyInternationaltradete4ResponsibilitiesandcostsTheremustbenoambiguityintheinterpretationbyeitherpartyoftheterms,particularlyincostsandexpenses.Otherwise,problemsordisputeswillbecaused.Itisthereforeessentialforboththebuyerandthesellertoagreeonthetermsofdeliveryandtheirinterpretations.Responsibilitiesandcosts5TimeandplaceofdeliveryTimeandplaceofdeliveryarecrucialindefiningthepointwheretheresponsibilitiesandtheriskspassfromthesellertothebuyer

documentsandexpenseInternationaltradetransactionsrequirealotofdocuments.Almosteachprocedurehasadocumentandnearlyeachofthedocumentsentailsacost.Itneedstobeclearwhatdocumentsbothpartiesshouldprepareandwhoshouldpaytheexpense.Timeandplaceofdelivery6Titletogoods货物所有权Accordingtodifferenttermsofdelivery,titletogoodswillpassoverfromthesellertothebuyeratdifferenttimeandplaces.Bothpartiesneedtoknowwhenandhowtheywillloseoracquirethetitletothegoods.Soitisimportanttoclearlydefinethecut-offpointtoshowresponsibilitiesandriskend.Titletogoods货物所有权7DefinitionTradeterms,alsoknownaspricetermsordeliverytermsininternationaltrade,aretheshorttermsorabbreviationsusedininternationalsalescontractstoclearlydividethecosts,risksandresponsibilitiesofbuyersandsellerswithregardtothemovementofgoodsbetweenbothparties.DefinitionTradeterms,alsokn8Themainrolesoftradetermsare:tosimplifythecontractnegotiationtoclarifytheobligationsofthesellerandthebuyerinrelationtothedeliveryofgoodsandthedivisionofcostsandrisks.toeliminateuncertaintiesanddifferencesarisingfromthedifferentinterpretationofsuchtermsindifferentcountries.Themainrolesoftradeterms9AttentionInternationalbusinessregulationsarenotimperative.Bothpartiescanamendthembythewayofcontract.(Example)Regulations<contract<lawsAttention10有关贸易术语的国际惯例

—1932年华沙-牛津规则Warsaw-OxfordRules1932(W.O.Rules1932)•byInternationalLawAssociation•forCIFterms—1941年美国对外贸易定义修订本RevisedAmericanForeignTradeDefinitions1941•Expointoforigin,FOB,FAS,C&F,CIF,Exdock—2000年国际贸易术语解释通则InternationalRulesfortheInterpretationofTradeTerms(Incoterms2000)•byInternationalChamberofCommerce,ICC有关贸易术语的国际惯例11Incoterms(13)●Incoterms1936●Revisedin1953,1967,1976,1980,1990,1999●Incoterms2000—1999年9月13日颁布seller’sresposibilies—2000年1月1日生效minimum—GroupE:EXW•启运departure—GroupF:FCA,FAS,FOB•主运费未付maincarriageunpaid—GroupC:CFR,CIF,CPT,CIP•主运费已付maincarriagepaid—GroupD:DAF,DES,DEQ,DDU,DDPmaximum•到达arrivalIncoterms(13)12

A1.提供合同规定的货物A2.许可证、批准文件及海关手续A3.运输合同和保险合同A4.交付货物A5.风险转移A6.费用划分A7.通知买方A8.交货凭证、运输单证或相等的电子单证A9.核查、包装及标记A10.其他义务B1.支付货款B2.许可证、批准文件及海关手续B3.运输合同和保险合同B4.受领货物B5.风险转移B6.费用划分B7.通知卖方B8.交货凭证、运输单证或相等的电子单证B9.货物检验B10.其他义务卖方义务买方义务A113

E组启运EXWExWorks工厂交货F组主运费未付装运合同FCAFreeCarrierFASFreeAlongsideShipFOBFreeOnBoard货交承运人装运港船边交货装运港船上交货

C组主运费已付装运合同CFRCostandFreightCIFCostInsuranceandFreightCPTCarriagePaidToCIPCarriageInsurancePaidTo成本加运费成本保险费加运费运费付至运费保险费付至

D组到达到货合同DAFDeliveredAtFrontierDESDeliveredExShipDEQDeliveredExQuayDDUDeliveredDutyUnpaidDDPDeliveredDutyPaid边境交货目的港船上交货目的港码头交货未完税交货完税后交货《INCOTERMS2000》E组EXWE14出口方码头进口方一、FOB(…namedportofshipment)（装运港船上交货)MaritimeandinlandwaterwaytransportonlyFreeonBoard出口方码头进口方一、FOB(…namedportof15Carrier承运人Anypersonwho,inacontractofcarriage,undertakestoperformortoprocuretheperformanceofcarriagebyrail,road…orbyacombinationofsuchmodesCarrier承运人Anypersonwho,ina16FOBmeansthatthesellerfulfilshisobligationtodeliverthegoodswhentheypasstheship’srailatthenamedportofshipmentwithinthecontractualtime.Thesellerisresponsibleforallcostsandrisksuntilthegoodspasstheship’srail.Thismeansthatthebuyerhastobearallsubsequentcostsandrisksoflossofordamagetothegoodsfromthatpoint.Thesellerhastoclearthegoodsforexport.FOBmeansthatthesellerfulf17Bothparties'obligationsThesellermust:obtainexportlicense,carryoutallcustomsformalitiesfortheexportofgoodsandpayallexportduties;deliverthecontractedgoodsonboardthevesselatthenamedportofshipmentwithintheagreedperiodandgivethedeliverynoticetothebuyer;bearallrisksoflossofordamagetothegoodsuntiltheyhavepassedtheship’srail;payallthecostsrelatingtothegoodsuntilhavepassedtheship’srail.Bothparties'obligations18Thebuyermust:

takedeliveryofthegoodsandpaytheagreeduponprice;obtainimportlicenses,carryoutallcustomsformalitiesfortheimportofgoodsandpayallimportduties.contractforthecarriageofthegoodsandpaythefreightpaythecostrelatingtogoodsandbearallrisksoflossordamagetothegoodsfromthetimetheyhavepassedtheship’srail;

Thebuyermust:19

attention

1.whenthelighters(驳船）areneeded,thetransferexpensesarepaidbytheseller.2ThetimeofthearrivalofthecarryingshipisimportanttobothpartiesAvoidingDeadFreightandwarehousingexpenses3.differentintepretations:Ex:Ameriancountriesplus“Vessel”underFOB:FOBVesselNewYorkattention20Case:我某公司以FOB条件出口一批冻鸡，合同签订后接到买方来电，称租船较为困难，委托我方代为租船，有关费用由买方负担。为了方便合同履行，我方接受了对方的要求，但时间已到了装运期，我方在规定的装运港无法租到合适的船，且买方又不同意改变装运港，因此到装运期满时，货仍未装船。买方因销售期即将结束，便来函以我方未按期租船履行交货义务为由撤销合同。

问：我方应如何处理？Case:211、我方应拒绝撤销合同的无理要求。

2、这个安全涉及FOB术语总是根据FOB术语，买方负责租船订舱、输运输、支付运费。为了卖方装船交货方便，卖方也可以接受买方的委托，代为租船订舱，但费用和风险应由买方承担，卖方不承担租不到船的责任。

3、结合本案例，因为卖方代买方租船没有租到，买方又不同意改变装运港，因此卖方不承担因自己未租到船而延误装运的责任。买方也不能因此撤销合同。

1、我方应拒绝撤销合同的无理要求。

2、这个安全涉及FOB22FOB的变形：装船费FOB班轮条件（FOBlinerterms）：装船费用由支付运费的买方负担；FOB吊钩下交货（FOBundertackle）：从货物被轮船吊钩起吊开始的装船费用由买方负担；RisktransferisstillunchangedFOB包括理舱（FOBstowed,FOBS）：卖方负担将货物装入船舱并包括理舱费在内的装船费用。FOB包括平舱（FOBtrimmed,FOBT）卖方负担将货物装入船舱并包括平舱费在内的装船费用。(forgoodsinbulk)ThetackleofthevesselFOB的变形：装船费FOB班轮条件（FOBlinerte23出口方码头进口方二、CFR+指定目的港：成本加运费MaritimeandinlandwaterwaytransportonlyCostAndFreight出口方码头进口方二、CFR+指定目的港：成本加运费Mar24CFRmeansthatthesellerfinishesdeliverywhenthegoodspasstheship’srailintheportofshipment.Thesellermustundertakethecostsandfreightnecessarytobringthegoodstothenamedportofdestination.However,theriskoflossofordamagetothegoods,aswellasanyadditionalcostsoccurredafterthetimeofdelivery,aretransferredfromthesellertothebuyeratthesamepointasunderFOB(attheship’srail)CFRmeansthatthesellerfini25Bothparties’obligationsThesellermust:obtainexportlicenses,carryoutallcustomsformalitiesfortheexportgoodsandpayalltheexportduties.contractathisownexpenseforthecarriageofgoodstotheagreedportofdestinationbytheusualrout.deliverthecontractedgoodsonboardthevesselatthenamedportofshipmentwithintheagreedperiodandgivetheshipmentnoticetothebuyer.Bothparties’obligations26Bearallrisksoflossofordamagetothegoodsuntiltheyhavepassedtheship’srail;Payallcostsrelatingtothegoodsuntiltheyhavepassedtheship’srail.Thebuyermust:takedeliveryofthegoodsandpaytheagreeduponprice;obtainimportlicenses,carryoutallcustomsformalitiesfortheimportedgoodsandpayalltheimportduties;Bearallrisksoflossoford27bearallrisksoflossofordamagetothegoodsfromthetimetheyhavepassedtheship’srail;payallcostsrelatingtothegoodsfromthetimetheyhavepassedtheship’srail.

Attention:UnderCFR,itisthesellerwhochartersshipsorbooksshippingspaceandpaythefreight.Whenthegoodsareloadedonboardthevessel,thesellershouldsendshippingadvicetothebuyersoastoenablethebuyertomakeinsurancebearallrisksoflossoford28Arrangement.Ifthesellerfailstosendtheshippingadviceintime,hewillberesponsibleforanylossofordamagetothegoods.2anyadditionalexpensesoccurredduringthetransportationarestillbornbythebuyer.3.Theplaceofdelivery?

stillattheportofshipmentArrangement.Ifthesellerfai29CFR的变形：卸货费

dischargingexpense1、CFRLinerTerm船方（即卖方）2、CFRExtackle吊钩下交付3、CFRlandedCFR卸至码头（岸上）4、CFRExship’shold舱底交付（买方负责）仅指卖方承担的费用到此为止Thebuyerpaysthecostfordischargingthegoodsfromtheships’holdThesellerbearstheexpensesforunloadingthegoodsontothedockattheportofdestinationCFR的变形：卸货费dischargingexpense30CFRvsFOBThemaindifferencebetweenCFRandFOBisthatthesellerhastoadditionallycontractforcarriageofthegoodspayfortheirtransportationtotheagreeddestinationport.Thesellerhasnoobligationtoinsurethecargoregardlessofpayment.

CFR=FOB+freightCFRvsFOBThemaindifference31CasestudyAFrenchcompanyimportedabatchofwheatonCFRbasis.Thecontractstipulatedthatthelandingqualityofthegoodsshouldbetakenasfinal.However,whenthegoodsarrivedatthedestination,theimportquarantinebureaudetainedthegoodsastheyfoundthatthegoodscontainedagreatdealofbacteriafobiddentoenterthecountry,Unfortunately,thegoodswereconsumedbyafirewhileindetainment.?WhoshouldbearthelossesCasestudyAFrenchcompanyimp32Casestudy1.美国出口商与韩国进口商签订了一份CFR合同。合同规定，由卖方出售2000公吨小麦给买方。小麦在装运港装船时是混装的，共装运了5000公吨，准备在目的地由船公司负责分拨2000公吨给买方。但载货船只在途中遇高温天气发生变质，共损失2500公吨。卖方声称其出售给买方的2000公吨小麦在运输途中全部损失，并认为根据CFR合同，风险在装运港越过船舷时已经转移给买方，故卖方对损失不负责任。买方则要求卖方履行合同。双方发生争议，后将争议提交仲裁解决。问：仲裁机构将如何裁决？

Casestudy33根据CFR，风险的转移应当在装货港“越过船舷”一刻，故基本同意卖方说法。文中没有提到卖方装船后是否通知ShipmentAdvice给买方，实务中应当通知，否则假如买方因此没有购买保险，卖方也有责任。

根据CFR，风险的转移应当在装货港“越过船舷”一刻，故基本同34出口方码头进口方3、CIF(…namedportof

destination成本、运费加保险)MaritimeandinlandwaterwaytransportonlyCost、InsuranceAndFreight出口方码头进口方3、CIF(…namedportof35CIFmeansthatthesellerhasthesameobligationsasunderCFRbutwiththeadditionthathehastoprocuremarineinsuranceagainstthebuyer’sriskoflossordamagetothegoodsduringthecarriage.

Thesellercontractsforinsuranceandpaystheinsurancepremium.Butthebuyerbearallrisksoflossordamagetothegoodsfromthetimetheyhavepassedtheship’srail.CIFmeansthatthesellerhas36Attention!Ifthebuyerasksforbuyingadditionalinsurance,theextracostswillbebornbythebuyerhimselfAttention!37CIF的变形：卸货费在CIF条件下，买卖双方容易在卸货费由何方负担的问题上引起争议

CIF班轮条件（CIFlinerterms）：卸货费用按班轮条件处理，由支付运费的卖方负担；CIF舱底交货（CIFexship’shold）：thebuyerpaysthecostfordischargingthegoodsfromtheship’shold买方负担将货物从舱底起吊卸到码头的费用；CIF吊钩交货（CIFextackle）：thesellerbearsthechargesforslingingthecargofromtheship’sholdanddeliveringthecargoattheplacewithinthereachofthetackleoftheship卖方负担将货物从舱底吊至船边卸离吊钩为止的费用。CIF的变形：卸货费38CIF卸到岸上（CIFlanded）：thesellerbearstheexpensesforunloadingthegoodsontothedockattheportofdestination指由卖方负担卸货费,包括因船不能靠岸,需将货物用驳船卸到岸上支出的驳运费在内的费用

CIF卸到岸上（CIFlanded）：theseller39CIFVsCFRTheonlydifferencebetweenthemliesinthatthesellerisresponsibleforthepaymentofinsurancepremiumandarrangingthenecessarycoveragewithaninsurancecompanyunderCIFterm.CIFVsCFRTheonlydifferenc40case1出口公司按CIF伦敦向英商出售一批核桃仁，由于该商品季节性较强，双方在合同中规定；买方须于9月底前将信用证开到，卖方保证运货船只不迟于12月2日驶抵目的港。如货轮迟于12月2日抵达目的港．买方有权取消合同，如货款已收，卖方必须将货款退还买方。问这一份合同的性质是否属于CIF合同?case1出口公司按CIF伦敦向英商出售一批核桃仁，由于该商41分析：这一合同的性质不再属于CIF合同。因为合同条款内容与CIF本身的解释相抵触。抵触有二；一是合同在C1F条件下竟规定了“到货日期”．这与CIF价格术语所赋予的风险界限划分的本意相抵，按CIF是装运港交货，货物超越船舷后的一切风险均由买方负责。如果限定到货日期，岂不是要卖方承担超越船舷后的一切风险?二是CIF是“象征性交货”，只要卖方提供齐全、正确的货运单据，买方不能拒收单据，拒付货款。而该合同竞规定‘如货运船只不能如期到达，买方将收回货款，实际上成了货到付款。由此看来，该合同的一些主要条款已与CIF价格术语的本意相抵触。尽管名义上是按CIF成交，但实质上并不是CIF合同性质。分析：这一合同的性质不再属于CIF合同。因为合同条款内容与C42Symbolicdelivery象征性交货UnderCIFThesellerfulfilshisobligationofdeliveryofthegoodsagainstdocuments,andthebuyerpaysagainstdocumentsaswell.(theshippingdocumentsincludecommercialinvoice,insurancepolicy,packinglist,billoflading,etc..)Aslongasthesellerpresentsafullsetofdocumentsinconformitywiththecontract,thebuyershallfullfillthedutyofpayment.Evenifthegoodsdeliveredarelostordamaged,thebuyerisnotentitledtorejectpayment.Symbolicdelivery象征性交货UnderCI43case2我国山东某出口公司按CIF条件与韩国某进口公司签订了一笔初级产品的交易合同。在合同规定的装运期内，卖方备妥了货物，安排好了从装运港到目的港的运输事项。在装船时，卖方考虑到从装运港到目的港距离较近，且风平浪静，不会发生什么意外，因此，没有办理海运货物保险。实际上，货物也安全及时抵达目的港，但卖方所提交的单据中缺少了保险单，买方因市场行情发生了对自己不利的变化，就以卖方所交的单据不全为由，要求拒收货物拒付货款。请问，买方的要求是否合理？此案应如何处理？

case2我国山东某出口公司按CIF条件与韩国某进口公司签订44从交货方式上来看，CIF是一种典型的象征性交货(SymbolicDelivery)。象征性交货是针对实际交货而言。在象征性交货方式下，卖方是凭单交货，买方是凭单付款。只要卖方如期向买方提交了合同规定的全套合格单据，即使货物在运输途中损坏或灭失，买方也必须履行付款义务。反之，如果卖方提交的单据不符合要求，即使货物完好无损地运达目的港，买方仍有权拒收单据并拒付货款。还需指出，按CIF术语成交，卖方履行其交单义务只是得到买方付款的前提条件，除此之外，他还必须履行交货义务。因此，本案中，买方提出的要求是合理的，卖方必须提交符合规定的全套单据，买方可以拒收货物拒付货款，或向卖方提出索赔。

从交货方式上来看，CIF是一种典型的象征性交货(Symbo45Casestudy我国北方A化工进出口公司与美国加利福尼亚B化学制品公司按照FOB大连条件签订了一笔化工原料的买卖合同。A公司在规定的装运期届满前三天将货物装上B公司指派的某新加坡轮船公司的海轮上，且装船前检验时，货物的品质良好，符合合同的规定。货到目的港旧金山，B公司提货后经目的港商检机构检验发现部分货物结块，品质发生变化。经调查确认原因是货物包装不良，在运输途中吸收空气中的水分导致原颗粒状的原料结成硬块。于是，B公司向A公司提起索赔。但A公司认为，货物装船前经检验是合格的，品质变化是在运输途中发生的，也就是越过船舷之后才发生的，按照国际贸易惯例，其后果应由买方承担，因此，A公司拒绝赔偿。试问，A公司的申辩是否有理？此争议应如何处理?并请说明理由。

Casestudy我国北方A化工进出口公司与美国加利福尼亚46本案中卖方A公司应承担赔偿责任，其引用国际贸易惯例，以货物越过风险已转移给买方B公司为由而拒绝赔偿是没有道理的。理由是，虽然货物品质发生变化，导致买方损失的情况是发生在运输途中，即越过船舷之后，但损失是由于包装不良造成的，这就说明致损的原因是在装船前已经存在了，因此，货物发生损失已带有必然性。这属于卖方履约中的过失，应构成违约。而根据国际贸易惯例对FOB的风险转移的解释，如果途中由于突然发生的意外事件导致货物的损失由买方承担。本案所说的情况显然不属于惯例规定的范围，所以卖方A公司拒赔是没有道理的。

本案中卖方A公司应承担赔偿责任，其引用国际贸易惯例，以货物越47某公司出口一批货物以FOB条件成交。结果在目的港卸货时，发现货物有两件外包装破裂，里面的货物有的被水浸的痕迹。经查证，外包装是货物在装船时因吊钩不牢掉到船甲板上摔破的，因包装破裂导致里面的货物被水浸泡。

问：在这种情况下，进口方能否以卖方没有完成自己的交货义务为由向卖方索赔？

分析：①进口方不能向卖方索赔；②按FOB条件成交，卖方承担货物在装运港越过船舷以前的风险；③本案例中，包装物破裂是在越过船舷后发生的，该项损失按风险划分界限，理应由进口方自己承担。

某公司出口一批货物以FOB条件成交。结果在目的港卸货时，发现48

risktransferprocedureexpense

afterloading

bookingshipinsurancefreightinsuranceFOBship’srailbuyerbuyerbuyerbuyerCFRship’srailsellerbuyersellerbuyerCIFship’srailsellersellersellerseller国际贸易术语International-Trade-Terms讲解课件49ThreekindsofTradeTermsDeliveredtoNamedCarrierFCA-------anymodeoftransportDefinition:seethebookDeliveryofthegoods,includingcustomsclearance,iscompletedatthenamedplaceineitherofthefollowingways:a.ifthenamedplaceofdeliveryistheseller’spremises,deliveryiscompletedwhenthegoodsareloadedontothetransportvehicleprovidedbytheybuyer,orThreekindsofTradeTermsDel50b.inothercases,deliveryiscompletedwhenthegoodsareplacedatthecarrier’sdisposal,butnotunloadedfromtheseller’sdeliveryvehicle.Therisktransfersfromthesellertothebuyerupondeliverycompletiontothefirstcarrierinvolvedinthetransactionifseveralcarriersareinvolved.FAVvsFOB?b.inothercases,deliveryis51CPT----anymodeoftransportCPTmeansthatthesellerhasthedutytodeliverthegoodstothecarriernominatedbyhimandpaythecostsofcarriagenecessarytotransportthegoodstothenameddestination.Therisktransfer?fromthesellertobuyeroncethegoodstothebeendeliveredintothecustodyofthefirstcarrierifseveralcarriersinvolved.CPT----anymodeoftransportCP52CPTrequiresthesellertoclearthegoodsforexport.CPTvsCFR?CPTrequiresthesellertocle53CIP----anymodeoftransportDefinition:seethebookTheseller’sliabilityceaseswhenthecargohasacceptedbythecarrier.TherisktransfersfromthesellertothebuyerexactlythesameasunderthetermsFCAandCPT.Thesellercontractsforinsuranceandpaythepremium.CIPvsCIF?CIP----anymodeoftransportDe54Othertradeterms

EXE----anymodeoftransportDefinitionseethebookTheseller:notclearedforexportandnotloadedonanycollectedvehicle.Thebuyerbearsallcostsandrisksinvolvedintakingthegoodsfromtheseller’spremisestothedesireddestination.Othertradeterms

EXE----any55FAS----maritimeandinlandwaterwaytransportonly Definition:seethebookrisktransfer?Attention:Theactualloadingofgoodsisthebuyer’sobligationandexpense.ThebuyeralsohastheobligationofnominatingasuitableshipunderFASFAS----maritimeandinlandwat56UnderIncoterms2000,thesellerisresponsiblefortheexportcustomsclearancetoclearthegoodsforexport,whereasunderIncoterms1990thisusedtobethebuyer’sresponsibility.FASvsFOB?UnderIncoterms2000,thesell57DAF----anymodeoftransportAttention:Theunloadingofthecargoandtheimportclearanceprocessaretheresponsibilityofthebuyer.Thedeliveryiscompletedbeforethegoodsenterthecustomsborderoftheadjoiningcountry.SOthetermismostcommonlyusedforinlandcarriagebyrailorroadwherethereinlandfrontiers.DAF----anymodeoftransportAt58DES-----MaritimeandinlandwaterwayonlyDefinition:seethebookDES-----Maritimeandinlandwa59DEQ----maritimeandinlandwaterwaytransportonlyUnderDEQterms,thesellerisobligatedtoplacethegoodsatthedisposalofthebuyer(notclearforimport)onthequayatthenamedportofdestinationwithinagreedperiod.Attention!Incoterms2000requiresthebuyertoclearthegoodsforimportandpayforallformalities,duties,taxesandotherchargesuponimport.DEQ----maritimeandinlandwat60DDU---anymodeoftransportDefinition:seethebookAttention:thesellerisnotresponsibleforunloadingthegoodsfromthearrivingtransportvehicleattheagreednamedplaceofdestination.DDU---anymodeoftransportDe61DDP---anymode

Presentsthemaximumobligationofseller.DDP---anymode

Presentsthema62InternationaltradetermsInternationaltradeterms63

EUR500.00perM/TFOBShanghaiCurrencyUnitpricemeasurementInternationaltradetermsCurrencyUnitpricemeasurementI64T-shirt…atUSD3.50/pc.CIFNewYork国际贸易术语International-Trade-Terms讲解课件65?WhyInternationaltradetermsareneededEachtransactioninvolvesnumerousproceduresincludingcustomsclearance,transportation,insurance,inspectionandsoforth.Eachproceduremustbecompletedbyeitherthesellerorthebuyer.Theremustbeaclearspecificationregardingthefollowingissues:?WhyInternationaltradete66ResponsibilitiesandcostsTheremustbenoambiguityintheinterpretationbyeitherpartyoftheterms,particularlyincostsandexpenses.Otherwise,problemsordisputeswillbecaused.Itisthereforeessentialforboththebuyerandthesellertoagreeonthetermsofdeliveryandtheirinterpretations.Responsibilitiesandcosts67TimeandplaceofdeliveryTimeandplaceofdeliveryarecrucialindefiningthepointwheretheresponsibilitiesandtheriskspassfromthesellertothebuyer

documentsandexpenseInternationaltradetransactionsrequirealotofdocuments.Almosteachprocedurehasadocumentandnearlyeachofthedocumentsentailsacost.Itneedstobeclearwhatdocumentsbothpartiesshouldprepareandwhoshouldpaytheexpense.Timeandplaceofdelivery68Titletogoods货物所有权Accordingtodifferenttermsofdelivery,titletogoodswillpassoverfromthesellertothebuyeratdifferenttimeandplaces.Bothpartiesneedtoknowwhenandhowtheywillloseoracquirethetitletothegoods.Soitisimportanttoclearlydefinethecut-offpointtoshowresponsibilitiesandriskend.Titletogoods货物所有权69DefinitionTradeterms,alsoknownaspricetermsordeliverytermsininternationaltrade,aretheshorttermsorabbreviationsusedininternationalsalescontractstoclearlydividethecosts,risksandresponsibilitiesofbuyersandsellerswithregardtothemovementofgoodsbetweenbothparties.DefinitionTradeterms,alsokn70Themainrolesoftradetermsare:tosimplifythecontractnegotiationtoclarifytheobligationsofthesellerandthebuyerinrelationtothedeliveryofgoodsandthedivisionofcostsandrisks.toeliminateuncertaintiesanddifferencesarisingfromthedifferentinterpretationofsuchtermsindifferentcountries.Themainrolesoftradeterms71AttentionInternationalbusinessregulationsarenotimperative.Bothpartiescanamendthembythewayofcontract.(Example)Regulations<contract<lawsAttention72有关贸易术语的国际惯例

—1932年华沙-牛津规则Warsaw-OxfordRules1932(W.O.Rules1932)•byInternationalLawAssociation•forCIFterms—1941年美国对外贸易定义修订本RevisedAmericanForeignTradeDefinitions1941•Expointoforigin,FOB,FAS,C&F,CIF,Exdock—2000年国际贸易术语解释通则InternationalRulesfortheInterpretationofTradeTerms(Incoterms2000)•byInternationalChamberofCommerce,ICC有关贸易术语的国际惯例73Incoterms(13)●Incoterms1936●Revisedin1953,1967,1976,1980,1990,1999●Incoterms2000—1999年9月13日颁布seller’sresposibilies—2000年1月1日生效minimum—GroupE:EXW•启运departure—GroupF:FCA,FAS,FOB•主运费未付maincarriageunpaid—GroupC:CFR,CIF,CPT,CIP•主运费已付maincarriagepaid—GroupD:DAF,DES,DEQ,DDU,DDPmaximum•到达arrivalIncoterms(13)74

A1.提供合同规定的货物A2.许可证、批准文件及海关手续A3.运输合同和保险合同A4.交付货物A5.风险转移A6.费用划分A7.通知买方A8.交货凭证、运输单证或相等的电子单证A9.核查、包装及标记A10.其他义务B1.支付货款B2.许可证、批准文件及海关手续B3.运输合同和保险合同B4.受领货物B5.风险转移B6.费用划分B7.通知卖方B8.交货凭证、运输单证或相等的电子单证B9.货物检验B10.其他义务卖方义务买方义务A175

E组启运EXWExWorks工厂交货F组主运费未付装运合同FCAFreeCarrierFASFreeAlongsideShipFOBFreeOnBoard货交承运人装运港船边交货装运港船上交货

C组主运费已付装运合同CFRCostandFreightCIFCostInsuranceandFreightCPTCarriagePaidToCIPCarriageInsurancePaidTo成本加运费成本保险费加运费运费付至运费保险费付至

D组到达到货合同DAFDeliveredAtFrontierDESDeliveredExShipDEQDeliveredExQuayDDUDeliveredDutyUnpaidDDPDeliveredDutyPaid边境交货目的港船上交货目的港码头交货未完税交货完税后交货《INCOTERMS2000》E组EXWE76出口方码头进口方一、FOB(…namedportofshipment)（装运港船上交货)MaritimeandinlandwaterwaytransportonlyFreeonBoard出口方码头进口方一、FOB(…namedportof77Carrier承运人Anypersonwho,inacontractofcarriage,undertakestoperformortoprocuretheperformanceofcarriagebyrail,road…orbyacombinationofsuchmodesCarrier承运人Anypersonwho,ina78FOBmeansthatthesellerfulfilshisobligationtodeliverthegoodswhentheypasstheship’srailatthenamedportofshipmentwithinthecontractualtime.Thesellerisresponsibleforallcostsandrisksuntilthegoodspasstheship’srail.Thismeansthatthebuyerhastobearallsubsequentcostsandrisksoflossofordamagetothegoodsfromthatpoint.Thesellerhastoclearthegoodsforexport.FOBmeansthatthesellerfulf79Bothparties'obligationsThesellermust:obtainexportlicense,carryoutallcustomsformalitiesfortheexportofgoodsandpayallexportduties;deliverthecontractedgoodsonboardthevesselatthenamedportofshipmentwithintheagreedperiodandgivethedeliverynoticetothebuyer;bearallrisksoflossofordamagetothegoodsuntiltheyhavepassedtheship’srail;payallthecostsrelatingtothegoodsuntilhavepassedtheship’srail.Bothparties'obligations80Thebuyermust:

takedeliveryofthegoodsandpaytheagreeduponprice;obtainimportlicenses,carryoutallcustomsformalitiesfortheimportofgoodsandpayallimportduties.contractforthecarriageofthegoodsandpaythefreightpaythecostrelatingtogoodsandbearallrisksoflossordamagetothegoodsfromthetimetheyhavepassedtheship’srail;

Thebuyermust:81

attention

1.whenthelighters(驳船）areneeded,thetransferexpensesarepaidbytheseller.2ThetimeofthearrivalofthecarryingshipisimportanttobothpartiesAvoidingDeadFreightandwarehousingexpenses3.differentintepretations:Ex:Ameriancountriesplus“Vessel”underFOB:FOBVesselNewYorkattention82Case:我某公司以FOB条件出口一批冻鸡，合同签订后接到买方来电，称租船较为困难，委托我方代为租船，有关费用由买方负担。为了方便合同履行，我方接受了对方的要求，但时间已到了装运期，我方在规定的装运港无法租到合适的船，且买方又不同意改变装运港，因此到装运期满时，货仍未装船。买方因销售期即将结束，便来函以我方未按期租船履行交货义务为由撤销合同。

问：我方应如何处理？Case:831、我方应拒绝撤销合同的无理要求。

2、这个安全涉及FOB术语总是根据FOB术语，买方负责租船订舱、输运输、支付运费。为了卖方装船交货方便，卖方也可以接受买方的委托，代为租船订舱，但费用和风险应由买方承担，卖方不承担租不到船的责任。

3、结合本案例，因为卖方代买方租船没有租到，买方又不同意改变装运港，因此卖方不承担因自己未租到船而延误装运的责任。买方也不能因此撤销合同。

1、我方应拒绝撤销合同的无理要求。

2、这个安全涉及FOB84FOB的变形：装船费FOB班轮条件（FOBlinerterms）：装船费用由支付运费的买方负担；FOB吊钩下交货（FOBundertackle）：从货物被轮船吊钩起吊开始的装船费用由买方负担；RisktransferisstillunchangedFOB包括理舱（FOBstowed,FOBS）：卖方负担将货物装入船舱并包括理舱费在内的装船费用。FOB包括平舱（FOBtrimmed,FOBT）卖方负担将货物装入船舱并包括平舱费在内的装船费用。(forgoodsinbulk)ThetackleofthevesselFOB的变形：装船费FOB班轮条件（FOBlinerte85出口方码头进口方二、CFR+指定目的港：成本加运费MaritimeandinlandwaterwaytransportonlyCostAndFreight出口方码头进口方二、CFR+指定目的港：成本加运费Mar86CFRmeansthatthesellerfinishesdeliverywhenthegoo