2018-全国高考英语-真题

2018年高考英语真题试卷（全国卷I含答案）第一节（共15小题:每小题2分,满分30分）阅读下列短文 ,从每题所给的 A、B、C和D四个选项中 ,选出最佳选项。AWashington,D.CBicycleToursCherryBlossomBikeTourinWashington,D.C.Duration:3hoursThissmallgroupbiketourisafantasticwaytoseetheworldfamouscherrytreeswithbeautifulflowersofWashington，D.C.Yourguidewillprovideahistorylessonaboutthetreesandthefamousmonumentswheretheyblossom.Reserveyourspotbeforeavailability-andthecherryblossoms-disappear！WashingtonCapitalMonumentsBicycleTourDuration:3hours（4miles）JoinaguidedbiketourandviewsomeofthemostpopularmonumentsinWashington,D.C.ExplorethemonumentsandmemorialsontheNationalMallasyourguidesharesuniquefactsandhistoryateachstop.Guidedtourincludesbike,helmet,cookiesandbottledwater.CapitalCityBikeTourinWashington,D.CDuration:3hoursMorningorAfternoon,thisbiketouristheperfecttourforD.C.newcomersandlocalslookingtoexperienceWashington,D.C.inahealthywaywithminimumeffort.KnowledgeableguideswillentertainyouwiththemostinterestingstoriesaboutPresidents ，Congress,memorials,andparks.Comfortablebikesandasmoothtourroute（路线）makecyclingbetweenthesitesfunandrelaxing.WashingtonCapitalSitesatNightBicycleTourDuration:3hours(7miles)JoinasmallgroupbiketourforaneveningofexplorationintheheartofWashington,D.C.GetupclosetothemonumentsandmemorialsasyoubikethesitesofCapitolHillandtheNationalMall.Frequentstopsaremadeforphototakingasyourguideoffersuniquefactswithandhistory.Tourincludesbike,helmet,andbottledwater.Allridersareequippedreflectivevestsandsafetylights.withWhichtourdoyouneedtobookinadvance?ACherryBlossomBikeTourinWashington,D.C.BWashingtonCapitalMonumentsBicycleTour.CCapitalCityBikeTourinWashington,D.CDWashingtonCapitalSitesatNightBicycleTour.WhatwillyoudoontheCapitalCityBikeTour?AMeetfamouspeople.BGotoanationalpark.CVisitwell-knownmuseums.DEnjoyinterestingstories.Whichofthefollowingdoesthebicycletouratnightprovide ？ACitymaps.BCameras.CMeals.DSafetylights.GoodMorningBritain'sSusannaReidisusedtogrillingguestsonthesofaeverymorning，butsheiscookingupastorminherlatestrole-showingfamilieshowtopreparedeliciousandnutritiousmealsonatightbudget。InSaveMoney:GoodFood,shevisitsadifferenthomeeachweekandwiththehelpofchefMattTebbuttofferstoptipsonhowtoreducefoodwaste,whilepreparingrecipesforunder£5perfamilyaday.AndtheGoodMorningBritainpresentersaysshe'sbeenabletoputalotofwhatshe'slearntintopracticeinherownhome,preparingmealsforsons,Sam,14,Finn,13,andJack,11.“WeloveMexicanchurrossoIbuythemonmyphonefrommylocalMexicantakeawayrestaurant,"sheexplains."Ipay£5foraportion（份）,butMattmakesthemfor26paportion,becausetheyareflour,water,sugarandoil.Everybodycanbuytakeawayfood,butsometimeswe'renotawarehowcheaplywecanmakethisfoodourselves. ”Theeight-partseries（系列节目 ）,Savemoney:GoodFood,followsinthefootstepsofITV'sSaveMoney：GoodHealth,whichgaveviewersadviceonhowtogetvaluefromthevastrangeofhealthproductsonthemarket.Withfoodourbiggestweeklyhouseholdexpense,SusannaandMattspendtimewithadifferentfamilyeachweek.Intonight'sEasterspecialtheycometotheaidofafamilyinneedofsomedeliciousinspirationonabudget.Theteamtransformsthefamily'slongweekendofcelebrationwithlessexpensivebutstilltastyrecipes.WhatdoweknowaboutSusannaReid？ASheenjoysembarrassingherguests.BShehasstartedanewprogramme.CShedislikesworkingearlyinthemorning.DShehashadatightbudgetforherfamily.HowdoesMattTebbutthelpSusannaAHebuyscookingmaterialsforher.BHepreparesfoodforherkids.CHeassistsherincookingmatters.DHeinvitesguestfamiliesforher.Whatdoestheauthorintendtodoinparagraph4 ？ASummarizethepreviousparagraphs.BProvidesomeadviceforthereaders.CAddsomebackgroundinformation.DIntroduceanewtopicfordiscussion.27.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?AKeepingFitbyEatingSmartBBalancingOurDailyDietCMakingYourselfaPerfectChefDCookingWellforLessCLanguageshavebeencomingandgoingforthousandsofyears,butinrecenttimestherehasbeenlesscomingandalotmoregoing.Whentheworldwasstillpopulatedbyhunter-gatherers，small，tightlyknit（联系）groupsdevelopedtheirownpatternsofspeechindependentofeachother.Somelanguageexpertsbelievethat10,000yearsago,whentheworldhadjustfivetotenmillionpeople,theyspokeperhaps12,000languagesbetweenthem.Soonafterwards,manyofthosepeoplestartedsettlingdowntobecomefarmers,andtheirlanguagestoobecamemoresettledandfewerinnumber.Inrecentcenturies,trade,industrialisation,thedevelopmentofthenation-stateandthespreadofuniversalcompulsoryeducation,especiallyglobalisationandbettercommunicationsinthepastfewdecades,allhavecausedmanylanguagestodisappear,anddominantlanguagessuchasEnglish,SpanishandChineseareincreasinglytakingover.Atpresent,theworldhasabout6,800languages.Thedistributionoftheselanguagesishugelyuneven.Thegeneralruleisthatmildzoneshaverelativelyfewlanguages,oftenspokenbymanypeople,whilehotwetzoneshavelots,oftenspokenbysmallnumbers.Europehasonlyaround200languages;theAmericasabout1,000;Africa2,400;andAsiaandthePacificperhaps3,200,ofwhichPapuaNewGuineaaloneaccountsforwellover800.Themediannumber(中位数)ofspeakersismere6,000,whichthathalftheworld'slanguagesarespokenbyfewerpeoplethanthat.Alreadywellover400ofthetotalof6,800languagesareclosetoextinction( 消亡),withonlyafewelderlyspeakersleft.Pick,atrandom,BusuuinCameroon(eightremainingspeakers),ChiapanecoinMexico(150),LipanApacheintheUnitedStates(twoorthree)orWadjiguinAustralia(one,withaquestion-mark):noneoftheseseemstohavemuchchanceofsurvival.28.Whatcanweinferaboutlanguagesinhunter-gatherertimes?ATheydevelopedveryfastBTheywerelargeinnumberCTheyhadsimilarpatternsDTheywerecloselyconnected29.Whichofthefollowingbestexplains"dominant"underlinedinparagraph2 ?AComplexB.AdvancedCPowerful.DModernHowmanylanguagesarespokenbylessthan6,000peopleatpresent ？AAbout6,800BAbout3,400CAbout2,400DAbout1,200Whatisthemainideaofthetext？ANewlanguageswillbecreated.BPeople'slifestylesarereflectedinlanguages.CHumandevelopmentresultsinfewerlanguages.DGeographydetermineslanguageevolution.DWemaythinkwe’reaculturethatgetsridofourworntechnologyatthefirstsightofsomethingshinyandnew,butanewstudyshowsthatwekeepusingourolddevices（ 装置）wellaftertheygooutofstyle.That’sbadnewsfortheenvironment-andourwallets-astheseoutdateddevicesconsumemuchmoreenergythantheneweronesthatdothesamethings.Tofigureouthowmuchpowerthesedevicesareusing,CallieBabbittandhercolleaguesattheRochesterInstituteofTechnologyinNewYorktrackedtheenvironmentalcostsforeachproductthroughoutitslife-fromwhenitsmineralsareminedtowhenwestopusingthedevice.Thismethodprovidedareadoutforhowhomeenergyusehasevolvedsincetheearly1990s.Devicesweregroupedbygeneration.Desktopcomputers，basicmobilephones,andbox-setTVsdefined1992.Digitalcamerasarrivedonthescenein1997.AndWP3players,smartphones,andLCDTVsenteredhomesin2002，beforetabletsande-readersshowedupin2007.Asweaccumulatedmoredevices,however,wedidn'tthrowoutouroldones."Theliving-roomtelevisionisreplacedandgetsplantedinthekids ’room,andsuddenlyoneday，youhaveaTVineveryroomofthehouse,”saidoneresearcher.Theaveragenumberofelectronicdevicesrosefromfourperhouseholdin1992to13in2007.We ’renotjustkeepingtheseolddevices-Wecontinuetousethem.AccordingtotheanalysisofBabbitt'steam,olddesktopmonitorsandboxTVswithcathoderaytubesaretheworstdeviceswiththeirenergyconsumptionandcontributiontogreenhousegasemissions（ 排放）morethandoublingduringthe1992to2007window.Sowhat'sthesolution（解决方案 ）?Theteam'sdataonlywentupto2007，buttheresearchersalsoexploredwhatwouldhappenifconsumersreplacedoldproductswithnewelectronicsthatservemorethanonefunction,suchasatabletforwordprocessingandTVviewing.Theyfoundthatmoreon-demandentertainmentviewingontabletsinsteadofTVsanddesktopcomputerscouldcutenergyconsumptionby44%.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofnewdevices?ATheyareenvironment-friendly.BTheyarenobetterthantheold.CTheycostmoretouseathome.DTheygooutofstylequickly.WhydidBabbitt'steamconducttheresearch?AToreducethecostofminerals.BTotestthelifecycleofaproduct.CToupdateconsumersonnewtechnology.DTofindoutelectricityconsumptionofthedevices.Whichofthefollowingusestheleastenergy?AThebox-setTV.BThetablet.CTheLCDTV.DThedesktopcomputer.Whatdoesthetextsuggestpeopledoaboutoldelectronicdevices?AStopusingthemBTakethemapartCUpgradethem.DRecyclethem.第二节（共5小题：每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Colorisfundamentalinhomedesign-somethingyou'llalwayshaveineveryroom.Agraspofhowtomanagecolorinyourspacesinoneofthefirststepstocreatingroomsyou'lllovetolivein.Doyouwantaroomthat'sfulloflife?Professional?Orareyoujustlookingforaplacetorelaxafteralongday?36 ,coloristhekeytomakingaroomfeelthewayyouwantittofeelOvertheyears,therehavebeenanumberofdifferenttechniquestohelpdesignersapproachthisimportantpoint. 37、theycangetalittlecomplex.Butgoodnewsisthatthere'erreallyonlythreekindsofdecisionsyouneedtomakeaboutcolorinyourhome:thesmallones,themediumones,andthelargeones.38―,They'rethelittlespotsofcolorlikethrowpillows,mirrorsandbasketsthatmostofususetoaddvisualinteresttoourrooms.Lesstiringthanpaintingyourwallsandlessexpensivethanbuyingacolorfulsofa,smallcolorchoicesbringwiththemthesignificantbenefitofbeingeasilychangeable.Mediumcolorchoicesaregenerallyfurniturepiecessuchassofas,dinnertablesorbookshelves.39 .Theyrequireabiggercommitmentthansmallerones,andtheyhaveamorepowerfuleffectonthefeelingofaspace.Thelargecolordecisionsinyourroomsconcernthewalls,ceilings,andfloors.Whetheryou'relookingatwallpaperorpaint,thetime,effortandrelativeexpenseputintoitaresignificant.40 .WhileallofthemareusefulWhateveryou'relookingforIfyou'reexperimentingwithacolorSmallcolorchoicesaretheoneswe'remostfamiliarwithit'snotreallyagoodideatousetoomanysmallcolorpiecesSoitpaystobesure,becauseyouwanttogetitrightthefirsttimeColorchoicesinthisrangeareastepupfromthesmallonesintwomajorways第一节（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的 A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Duringmysecondyearatthecitycollege,Iwastoldthattheeducationdepartmentwasofferinga“free”course,calledThinkingChess,forthreecredits.I41theideaoftakingtheclassbecause,afterall,whodoesn'twantto42afewdollars?Morethanthat,I'dalwayswantedtolearnchess.And,evenifIweren't43enoughaboutfreecredits,newsaboutour44 wasappealingenoughtome.Hewasaninternationalgrandmaster,which 45Iwouldbelearningfromoneofthegame's46Icouldhardlywaitto47him.

MauriceAshleywaskindandsmart,aformergraduatereturningtoteach,andthis48wasnogameforhim;hemeantbusiness.Inhisintroduction,hemadeit49 thatourcreditswouldbehard-earned.Inorderto50theclassamongothercriteria,wehadtowriteapaperonhowweplanto51whatwewouldlearninclasstoourfutureprofessionsand52.toourlives.ImanagedtogetanAinthat53andleanedlifelessonsthathaveservedmewellbeyondthe54.TenyearsaftermychessclasswithAshley,I'mstillputtingtousewhathe55me :“theabsolutemostimportant56thatyoulearnwhenyouplaychessishowtomakegood57.Oneverysinglemoveyouhaveto58asituation,processwhatyouropponent（对手）isdoingand59thebestmovefromamongallyouroptions. "Thesewordsstillringtruetodayinmy60asajournalist.41.A.putforwardB.jumpedatC.triedoutD.turneddownA.wasteA.excitedA.titleA.urgedA.fastestA.wasteA.excitedA.titleA.urgedA.fastestA.interviewA.chanceB.earnB.worriedcompetitorB.demandedB.easiestC.savemovedC.textbookC.heldD.paytiredD.instructorD.meantC.bestD.rarestmeetC.challengeD.beatB.qualificationC.honorD.job50.A.attendB.passC.skipD.observe50.A.attendB.passC.skipD.observe51.A.addB.exposeC.applyD.compare52.A.eventuallyB.naturallyC.directlyD.normally52.A.eventuallyB.naturallyC.directlyD.normally53.A.gameB.presentationC.courseD.experiment53.A.gameB.presentationC.courseD.experiment54.A.criterionB.classroomC.departmentD.situation54.A.criterionB.classroomC.departmentD.situationA.taughtB.wroteC.questionedD.promisedA.factB.stepC.mannerD.skillA.gradesB.decisionsC.impressionsD.commentsA.analyzeB.describeC.rebuildD.controlA.announceB.signalC.blockD.evaluateA.roleB.desireC.concernD.behavior第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Accordingtoareviewofevidenceinamedicaljournal,runnerslivethreeyears__61__(long)thannon-runners,Youdon'thavetorunfastorforlong_62__(see)thebenefit.Youmaydrink,smoke,beoverweightandstillreduceyourriskof63(die)earlybyrunning.Whilerunningregularlycan'tmakeyouliveforever,thereviewsaysit64(be)moreeffectiveatlengtheninglife65walking,cyclingorswimming.Twooftheauthorsofthereviewalsomadeastudypublishedin2014__66 showedamerefiveto10minuteadayofrunningreducedtheriskofheartdiseaseandearlydeathsfromall__67(cause).Thebestexerciseisonethatyouenjoyandwilldo.Butotherwise...it'sprobablyrunning.Toavoidkneepain,youcanrunonsoft