四级英语翻译(经典)

翻译部分测试学生把汉语所承载的信息用英语表达出来的能力，所占分值比例为15%，考试时间30分钟。翻译题型为段落汉译英。翻译内容涉及中国的历史、文化、经济、社会发展等。四级长度为140-160个汉字，六级长度为180-200个汉字。在确定分数档之后，阅卷员需要通过对考生翻译中的语法、用词以及拼写错误进行量化，然后扣分，最终决定考生的翻译分数。而语法的量化考核也有一定的标准，具体见下表：1.为了促进教育公平，中国已投入360亿元，用于改善农村地区教育设施和中强中西部地区农村义务教育。这些资金用于改善教学设施、购买书籍，使16万多所中小学受益。资金还用于购置音乐和绘画器材。现在农村和山区的儿童可以与沿海城市的儿童一样上音乐和绘画课。一些为接受更好教育而转往城市上学的学生如今又回到了本地农村学校就读。Withtheaimofpromotingequityineducation,Chinahasinvested36billionyuantoimproveeducationalfacilitiesinruralareasandstrengthentheruralcompulsoryeducationinMidwest.Thesefundshavebeenusedtobetterteachingfacilities,purchasebooks,benefitingmorethan160,000primaryandsecondaryschools.Furthermore,thefundshavealsobeenappliedtopurchasemusicalandpaintingequipment.Therefore,childreninruralandmountainousareasnowadaysareabletoenjoymusicandpaintingclasseslikethoseincoastalcities.Besides,somestudentswhowerepreviouslytransferredtocitiesforbettereducationnowreturntolocalareastostudy.2.中国应进一步发展核能，因为核电目前只占其总发电量的2%，该比例在所有核国家中居第30位，几乎是最低的。2011年3月日本核电站事故后，中国的核能开发停了下来，中止审批新的核电站，并开展全国性的核安全检查。到2012年10月，审批才能又谨慎的恢复。随着技术和安全措施的改进，发生核事故的可能性完全可以降低到最低限度。换句话说核能是可以安全开发和利用的。Chinashoulddevelopnuclearenergyfurther,foritonlyaccountsfor2%ofthegrossgeneration,rankingthe30thamongallthenuclearnations,almostthelowestone.AfterJapannuclearaccidentinMarch2011,theexplorationofnuclearpowerhasbeensuspended,withtheexaminationandapprovalofnewnuclearpowerplantsbeinghaltedandnationalsafetyinspectionofthenuclearplantsbeinglaunched.Theapprovaldidn‟tcautiouslyrecoveruntilOctober2012.Withtheimprovementoftechnologyandsafetymeasures,thepossibilityofnuclearaccidentscouldbereducedtotheminimum.Inotherwords,nuclearpowercouldbedevelopedandutilizedwithoutaccidents.3.中国教育工作者早就认识到读书对于国家的重要意义，有些教育工作者2003年就建议设立全民读书日。他们强调，人们应当读好书，尤其是经典著作。通过阅读，人们能更好地学会感恩、有责任心和与人合作，而教育的目的正是要培养这些基本素质。阅读对于中小学生尤为重要，假如他们没有这个关键时期培养阅读的兴趣，以后要养成阅读的习惯就很难了。Chineseeducatorshavealreadybeenawareofthesignificanceofreadingforanation,thereforesomeeducatorscalledforaNationalReadingDayin2003.Theylaidemphasisonreadinggoodbooksespeciallytheclassicones.Throughreading,peoplelearnbettertobegrateful,responsibleandcooperative.Thegoalofeducationistocultivatethesebasicqualities.Beingimportantespeciallyforprimaryandmiddleschoolstudents,reading,thevaluablehabit,willbehardertoraiseiftheydon'tnurturetheirinterestinreadingatthecriticalperiod.4.许多人喜欢中餐，在中国，烹饪不仅被视为一种技能，而且也被视为一种艺术。精心准备的中餐既可口又好看。烹饪技艺和配料在中国各地差别很大。但好的烹饪都有一个共同点，总是要考虑到颜色、味道、口感和营养。由于食物对健康至关重要，好的厨师总是努力在谷物、肉类和蔬菜之间取得平衡，所以中餐既美味又健康。ManypeoplearefondofChinesecuisine,foritisnotonlyregardedasacraftsmanship,butalsoasanartinChina.AnexquisitelypreparedChinesecuisineisafeastforboththemouthandtheeyes.CookingskillsanddishingredientsvarysharplyindifferentregionsofChina,butgoodChinesecuisinesalwayssharesomethingincommon,forexample,thecolor,aroma,tasteandnutrition.Asfoodisvitalforone‟shealth,masterchefsalwaysmanagetostrikeabalanceamonggrains,meatandvegetables,hencethetastyandhealthyChinesecuisine.5.信息技术，正在飞速的发展，中国公民也越来越重视信息技术，有些学校甚至将信息技术作为必修课程，对这一现象大家持不同观点。一部分人认为这是没有必要的，学生就应该学习传统的课程。另一部分人认为这是应该的，中国就应该与时俱进。不管怎样，信息技术引起广大人民的重视是一件好事。InformationTechnologyisnowdevelopingatitsfullspeedandChinesecitizensareattachingincreasingimportancetoit.Someschoolseventakeitasacompulsorycourse,whichtriggersvariousopinionsaboutit.Somebelieveitunnecessary,forit‟snotatraditionalcourse.Others,however,supportit,forChinashouldkeeppacewithtimes.Anyway,itisbeneficialthatInformationTechnologyhasarousedpeople'sattention.6.“你要茶还是要咖啡？”是用餐人常被问到的题目，许多西方人会选咖啡，而中国人会选茶。相传，中国的一位帝王于五千年前发现了茶，并用来治病。在明清期间，茶馆遍布全国，饮茶在六世纪传到日本，但直到十七、十八世纪才传到欧美。如今，茶是世界上最流行的饮料之一，茶是中国的民族饮品，也是中国传统文化的重要组成部分。"Teaorcoffee?"Dinersarefrequentlyaskedthisquestion.Westernersmaychoosecoffee,whileChinesemayprefertea.Itissaidthat5,000yearsago,anancientChineseemperordiscoveredandusedittocurediseases.IntheMingandQingDynasties,teahousescouldbefoundalloverthecountry.Tea-drinkingwasintroducedtoJapaninthesixthcentury,butwasnotintroducedtoEuropeandAmericauntilthe17thand18thcentury.Uptonow,teahasbecomeoneofthemostpopularbeveragesintheworld.AsChina‟snationaldrink,teaplaysanimportantroleinChinesetraditionalculture.7.中国结最初是由手工艺人发明的。经过数百年不断的改造，已经成为一种优雅多彩的艺术和工艺。在古代，人们用它来记录事件，但现在主要用于装饰的目的。“结”在中文里意味着爱情，婚姻和团聚。中国结常常作为礼物交换或用作饰品祈求好运和避邪。这种形式的手工艺代代相传，现在已经在中国和世界各地越来越受欢迎。Originallyinventedbyhandicraftsmen,Chineseknotisanelegantandcolorfulartandcraftafterseveralhundredyears‟innovation.Inancienttimes,itwasusedforrecordingevents,whilenowitismainlyfordecoration.“Knot”symbolizeslove,marriageandreunioninChinese,therefore,itoftenperformsforgiftexchangeandornamentforgoodluckandavoidanceofevilspirits.Thehandcraftpassingonforgenerationshasbecomeincreasinglypopularhomeandabroad.8.中国城市化将会充分释放潜在内需。一些经济学家指出，中国几乎所有的发展中城市都面临着城市化的进程。城市化意味着可以更好地获取城市中的教育及医疗资源。许多人的生活水平将有所提高，就业机会会增多。但是，随着越来越多的人向城市迁徙，住房、城市基础设施建设及能源的供应将会成为城市发展的焦点问题。China’surbanizationwillreleasethefullpotentialofdomesticdemand.Someeconomistspointoutthaturbanizationisaprocessthatisoccurringinnearlyeverydevelopingcityinthecountry.Urbanizationmeansbetteraccesstoeducationalandmedicalresourcesinthecity.Itwillleadtoabetterqualityoflifeformanypeople，andprovideindividualswithmorejobopportunities.Theconstructionofhousingandcityinfrastructure,andenergysupplieswillbeafocalpointofurbandevelopmentasmorepeoplemigratetocities.9.“填鸭式”教学模式曾经也在英国风行一时。但是英国进步教育工作者批驳道，这种模式太过于“独裁”，并倡导实行自那时以来一直在小学教育中风行的“以孩子为中心”的教育模式。这种体制，鼓励学生自己去发现知识，以他们自己的速度或小团体合作来学习并辅之以老师的指导。研究人员发现，中国儿童取得的数学成绩要比同龄的英国儿童高百分之三十。这表明，“全班教学”方式比其他的专注于个体学习的模式更加显著有效。Schoolsarebeingurgedtogobackto„chalkandtalk‟teachingthatwasoncewidespreadinBritain.ButBritishprogressiveeducationalistsarguedthiswastooauthoritarian,andinsteadpromotedthe„child-centered‟approachthathasbeenprevalentinprimaryschoolssincethen.Underthissystem,pupilsareencouragedto„discover‟knowledgebythemselves,workingattheirownspeedorinsmallgroups,withtheteacherofferingthemsupport.ResearchershavefoundthatchildreninChinaachievemarksinmathupto30percenthigherthanEnglishpupilsofthesameage.Thisindicatesthe„wholeclass‟approachshowsitissignificantlymoreeffectivethanothermethodsthatconcentratemoreonpersonalizedlearning.10.全球经济衰退导致中国新毕业生的就业市场显著下降。毕业生过剩也可以归因于大学入学率的提高和教育机构的增加。虽然大学的学生人数增加了，但是他们的质量并没有明显提高。在大多数情况下，毕业生无法在毕业前找到合适的就业机会是因为他们没有行业所需的技能。TheglobalrecessionresultedinasignificantdropinthejobmarketforChina’snewgraduates.Thegraduateglutcanalsobeattributedtoariseinthenumberofcollegeenrollmentsandeducationalinstitutions.Althoughthenumberofcollegestudentshasincreased,therehasnotbeenanysignificantimprovementintheirquality.Inmostcases,graduateswereunabletofindsuitableemploymentbeforetheirgraduationbecausetheydidnothavetheskillsrequiredbytheindustry.11.西方人赞誉筷子代表着古老的东方文明。中国人使用筷子就餐的方式在世界上独树一帜。有史记载用筷的历史已有三千多年。筷子古时称为箸，它看似简单，但却同时具有夹、拌、戳等多种功能。中国民间视筷子为吉祥之物，如婚俗中将筷子隐喻为快生贵子的祝福等。与使用刀叉以及手抓的方式不同，成双结对的筷子含有“和为贵“的意蕴。Westernerspraisechopsticksareasymbolofancientorientalcivilization.Chinesewayofdiningwithchopsticksisuniqueintheworld,witharecordedhistoryof3,000years.WiththenameofZhuinancienttimes,theylooksimpletouse,butpossessvariousfunctionssuchasliftingup,stirring,poking.AsamascotinChinesefolklore,chopsticksareametaphorofblessingsfornewlymarriedcoupletohavebabysoon.Unlikeusingaknifeandforkorhands,apairofchopsticksalsoimpliesthemeaningof“Harmonyiswhatmatters”.12.年画是中华民族因传统的农历新年而产生并发展起来的一种古老的，用于祈福迎新的民间绘画艺术形式，为广大中国百姓所喜闻乐见。每逢中国农历新年来临之时，中国人家家户户都会买上几张花花绿绿、象征吉祥富贵的年画，帖在自家大门和房门上，营造出一种欢乐、和谐的新年气氛，充分展示出中国人对富裕、幸福生活的企盼。Designedtoprayforblessings,theNewYearPainting,aformofancientfolkpaintingartwhichwasgeneratedanddevelopedtocelebratethetraditionalChineseLunarNewYearislovedbyChinesepeople.WheneverChineselunarNewYeariscoming,everyhouseholdwillbuyafewnewyearpaintingssymbolizinggoodluckandprosperityandpastethemongatesanddoorstocreateajoyfulandharmoniousfestivalatmosphere,adequatelydemonstratingChinese‟expectationforwealthyandhappylife.13.春联也被称为对联，在中国是一种特殊的文学形式。春联是由贴在门口两侧两组对立的句子组成。在门上面的横批通常是一个吉祥的短语。贴在门右侧的句子被称作对联的上联，左侧的为下联。除夕那天，每家都会在门上贴上红纸写的春联，传递出节日喜庆和热闹的气氛。在过去，中国人通常用毛笔自己写春联或者请别人写春联，而现在，人们普遍在市场上买印刷好的春联。“TheSpringCouplet”,alsocalled“couplet”isaspecialformofliteratureinChina.TheSpringCoupletiscomposedoftwoantitheticalsentencesonbothsidesofthedoorandahorizontalscrollwithanauspiciousphraseabovethegate.Thesentencepastedontherightsideofthedooriscalledthefirstlineofthecoupletandtheoneontheleftthesecondline.OntheeveoftheSpringFestival,everyhouseholdwillpasteondoorsaspringcoupletwrittenonredpapertogiveahappyandprosperousatmosphereoftheFestival.Inthepast,theChineseusuallywrotetheirownspringcoupletwithabrushoraskedotherstodoforthem,whilenowadays,itiscommonforpeopletobuytheprintedspringcoupletinthemarket.14.春节贴年画的风俗源自于往房子外面的门上贴门神的传统。随着木质雕刻品的出现，年画包含了更广泛的主题，最出名的就是门神，三大神--福神，薪神和寿神，寓意着庄稼丰收，家畜兴旺和庆祝春节。年画的四大产地分别是苏州桃花坞，天津杨柳青，河北武强和山东潍坊。现在中国农村仍然保持着贴年画的传统，而在城市里很少有人贴年画。ThecustomofpastingNewYearPrintsinSpringFestivaloriginatedfromthetraditionofpastingDoorGodsontheexternaldoorsofthehouses.Withthecreationofboardcarvings,NewYearpaintingscoverawiderangeofsubjects.ThemostfamousonesareDoorGodsandThreeGodsofBlessing,SalaryandLongevity,signifyingtheabundantharvestofcrops,theprosperityofdomesticanimalsandthecelebrationofSpringFestival.FourproducingareasofNewYearPrintsareTaohuawuofSuzhou,YangliuqingofTianjin,WuqiangofHebeiandWeifangofShandong.NowthetraditionofpastingNewYearpaintingsisstillkeptinruralChina,whileitisseldomfollowedincities.15.仅仅鼠标一点，购物者就几乎能在网上买到任何东西，从食品杂货到汽车，从保险单到房贷。电子商务的世界使得消费者无需离开舒适的家就能够在数以千计的网店购物，并且完成付款。消费者期望商家不仅仅能够在网上销售产品，而且能够让支付过程变得简单，安全。当然，网络购物者也需要谨慎小心以保证愉快，安全的网购经历。Withjustaclickofthemouse,shopperscanbuynearlyanyproductonline,fromgroceriestocars,frominsurancepoliciestohouseloans.Theworldofelectroniccommerceenablesconsumerstoshopatthousandsofonlinestoresandpayfortheirpurchaseswithoutleavingthecomfortablehome.ConsumersexpectmerchantsnotonlytomaketheirproductsavailableontheWeb,butalsotomakepaymentsasimpleandsecureprocess.Ofcourse,onlineshoppersneedtobecautioustomaketheironlineshoppingexperiencesenjoyableandsafe.16.在中国，小孩儿的满月酒和抓周仪式独具特色。小孩儿出生满一个月的那天，孩子的家人一般要招呼亲朋挚友，邀请他们一起来庆祝孩子满月。小孩儿满周岁的那天，有抓周的仪式。按照中国的习俗，父母以及他人不给予任何的引导或暗示，任孩子随意挑选摆在他面前的物品，并以此来预测孩子可能的志趣和将来的职业前途。InChina,One-Month-OldFeastandOne-Year-OldCatchofababyareofuniqueChinesecharacteristics.Onthedaywhenababyisamonthold,thefamilyofthebabywillinvitetheirfriendsandrelativestoaceremonytocelebratetheoccasion.Onthedaywhenababyisoneyearold,thereisaceremonyofOne-Year-OldCatch.AccordingtothetraditionalChinesecustom,withoutanyinstructionorcuefromthebaby‟sparentsandpeoplesurrounding,thebabyisfreetochoosewhateverhelikesinfrontofhim,hencethepredictionsofthebaby‟spotentialinterestandfuturecareerprospect.17.面子是某个人在他人眼中的社会地位和名声。中国人一生都用言语和行动维护和提升面子。可以小到谁先上电梯，也可以大到数百万美元的合同授予。没有面子也就没有影响力。即使是无意中让别人没面子，也是极其严重的冒犯，可能意味着断绝关系。即使是开玩笑，中国人也不会公开批评，忽视或者取笑他人。点评别人的成绩时，也是先说优点，再讲不足。InChinese“face”maybeparaphrasedasone‟ssocialstatusandreputationfromothers‟perspectives.Chinesepeopleusuallyspendthewholelifeinmaintainingandenhancingtheirfaceswithwordsandactionsfromtinymatterslikewhoshouldtaketheelevatorfirsttobigdealslikewhowillbeawardedamultimilliondollarcontract.Losingfaceistheendofinfluentialpower.Eventomakesomeonefacelessunpurposefullyisaseriousoffense,possiblyleadingtotheendofarelationship.Chinesepeopleneverpubliclycriticize,ignoreorteaseothers,evenjokingly.One‟scommentonothers‟performancealwaysstartswithstrengths,andthenswitchestoweaknesses.18.中西方饮食习惯存在极大的差异。不同于西方那种每人一盘食物的饮食习惯，在中国，菜肴是被放在桌子上让大家共同分享的。如果你在中国主人家做客，就要做好有一大桌食物的心理准备。中国人对于自己的烹饪文化感到非常自豪，而且会尽全力去展示自己的好客。而且有时候，中国主人会用他们的筷子把食物夹到你的碗里或盘子中。这是礼貌的体现。ChineseandWesterneatinghabitsaresharplydifferent.Unlikethewesterndinninghabitthateveryoneownshisplateoffood,Chinesepeopleenjoysharingthedishesplacedonthetable.InvitedtodinebyaChinesehost,you‟dbetterprepare4foratablefullofexquisitefood.Chinesepeopleareveryproudoftheircuisinecultureandwillingtomakenoeffortstoshowtheirhospitality.Besides,theChinesehostmaysometimesputfoodtoyourbowlorplatewiththeirownchopsticks,asignofpoliteness.19.白色污染指的是塑料污染。不可回收的塑料午餐盒沿途到处都是。塑料购物袋在空中飞扬。如果我们继续使用这些会发生什么呢？有一天，它们会将我们埋葬在白色垃圾堆中。那时的地球--我们共同的家园将成为一个垃圾桶。为防止这个噩梦成为现实，政府间应该互相紧密合作并将口头承诺付诸实际行动。同时，我们应当从自身做起，为绿色环保出一份力。Whitepollutionreferstoplasticpollution.Unrecyclableplasticlunchboxesarediscardedalongthestreetsandplasticshoppingbagsdanceinthewind.Whatwouldbetheconsequenceifwecontinueusingthem?Onedaywemightbeburiedinanoceanofwhiterubbish.Thentheearth,ourcommonhomeland,wouldbeadustbin.Topreventthisnightmarefromcomingtrue,governmentsaresupposedtocooperatesincerelywitheachotherandbackuptheirverbalcommitmentbyactions.Additionally,weindividualsshouldmakeourowncontributiontoenvironmentprotection.20.一个中国人完整的姓名包括“姓”和“名”两部分，姓在前，名在后。按传统习惯，中国人一般姓父亲的姓，但也有姓母亲的姓。姓，是代表有共同血缘关系的种族称号。中国汉民族的姓氏有很多，在北宋时，有人对姓氏做了收集统计，编了一本《百家姓》，把姓氏编成四字一句的韵文，便于诵读和记忆，以后便广为流行，以致作为孩童识字的课本。实际上，中国人姓氏多达数千个。AcompleteChinesenameconsistsofafamilynameandagivennamewiththeformerproceedingthelatter.Traditionally,Chineseareusuallynamedaftertheirfathers‟surnames,butsomeaftertheirmothers‟.Afamilynameisthesymbolofanethnicgroupwithcommonbloodties.TherearemanyfamilynamesforChineseHannationality.InNorthernSongDynasty,someoneconductedasurveyonfamilynamesandcollectedthoseavailable,henceabookHundredsofFamilyNamesinwhichfamilynameswerecompiledintofour-characterverselinesforpeopletoreadandmemorizeeasily.ThebooklaterbecamesopopularthatitwastakenasatextbookforchildrentolearnChinesecharacters.Infact,therearethousandsofChinesefamilynames.21.中华文明又称“华夏文明”。“华夏”是中国汉民族的前身。中华文明可以追溯到公元前26世纪黄帝统一中原，至今延续五千多年。无论从语言和文字，还是从哲学、文学、书法、绘画、戏曲、建筑、园林和饮食等方面审视，我们都不难发现，中华文明五千年发展史至今脉络清晰可见，可谓是“世界四大古文明”中唯一从未因战争、朝代更迭而中断或灭亡、甚至失忆的伟大文明。ChinesecivilizationisalsonamedHuaxiaCivilization,forHuaxiawerepredecessorsofChineseHanpeople.Chinesecivilizationwithahistoryofmorethanfivethousandyearscanbetracedbackto26thcenturyB.C.whenEmperorHuang,thefoundingfatheroftheChinesenation,unifiedthecentralplains.Intermsofphilosophy,literature,calligraphy,painting,drama,architecture,gardenandcuisine,thefivethousandhistoryofChinesecivilizationisclearlyvisible.Amongthefourworldmajorancientcivilizations,Chinesecivilizationistheonlyonethatwasneverinterrupted,wipedoutorevenforgottenduetowarsandchangesofdynasties.22.剪纸是中国最为流行的传统民间艺术形式之一。中国剪纸有一千五百多年的历史，在明朝和清朝时期特别流行。人们常用剪纸美化居家环境。特别是在春节和婚庆期间，剪纸被用来装饰门窗和房间，以增加喜庆的气氛。剪纸最常用的颜色是红色，象征健康和兴旺。中国剪纸在世界各地很受欢迎，经常被用作馈赠外国友人的礼物。PapercuttingisoneofChina‟smostpopulartraditionalfolkarts.Withahistoryofmorethan1,500years,ChinesepapercuttingwaswidespreadparticularlyduringtheMingandQingDynasties.Peopleoftenbeautifytheirhomeswithpapercuttings.DuringtheSpringFestivalandweddingcelebrations,inparticular,papercuttingsareusedtodecoratedoors,windowsandroomsinordertoenhancethejoyousatmosphere.Redisthemostfrequentlyusedcolorinpapercutting,whichsymbolizeshealthandprosperity.Chinesepapercuttingisverypopulararoundtheworld,hencethepresenttoforeignfriends.六级翻译23.北京计划未来投资7600亿元治理污染,从减少PM2.5排放入手。这一新公布的计划旨在减少四种主要的污染源，包括500万辆机动车的尾汽排放、周边地区的燃煤、来自北方的沙尘暴和本地的建筑灰尘，另外850亿元用于新建或升级城市垃圾处理和污水处理设施，加上300亿元未来三年的植树造林。市政府还计划建造一批水循环利用工厂，并制止违章建筑，以改善环境。另外，北京还将更严厉地处罚违返减排规定的行为。Beijingisscheduledtoinvest760billionYuantocontrolpollution,startingwiththereductionofPM2.5emission.Thisnewlypublishedplanaimsatreducingfourmajorpollutionsources,includingexhaustgasfromfivethousandmotorvehicles,coal-burninginsurroundingplaces,sandstormsfromthenorthandlocalbuildingdust.What‟smore,another85billionYuanisusedtoconstructorupdateurbanfacilitiesforgarbageandsewagedisposal,followedby30billionYuanforthenextthreeyears‟forestplantingprogram.Themunicipalgovernmentisalsoplanningtobuildsomeplantsforcyclingwaterandillegalconstructionswillbebannedtoimprovetheenvironment.Beijing,inaddition,willexertseverepunishmentonviolationsagainsttheemissionreductionrules.24.最近中国科学院出版了关于其最新科学发现与未来一年展望的年度系列报告。系列报告包括三部分：科学发展报告，高技术发展报告，中国可持续战略报告。第一份报告包含中国科学家的最新发现，诸如新粒子研究与H7N9病毒研究的突破。该报告还突出强调了未来几年需要关注的问题。第二份报告公布了一些应用科学研究的热门领域，如3D打印和人造器官研究。第三份报告呼吁加强顶层设计，以消除工业升级中的结构性障碍，并促进节能减排。ChineseAcademyofSciencerecentlypublishedanannualseriesofreportsonitslatestscientificdiscoveriesandtheoutlookforthenextyear.Theseriesofreportsconsistsofthreeparts:reportsonsciencedevelopment,high-techdevelopmentandChina’ssustainabledevelopmentstrategy.ThefirstreportcomprisesthelatestdiscoveriesbyChina’sscientists,suchasthenewparticleresearchandthebreakthroughinH7N9virusstudy.Moreimportantly,thisreportevenhighlightssomeproblemsdeservingattentioninthenextfewyears.Thesecondonepublishessomeheatedfieldsinappliedsciencesuchasthe3-dimensionprintandartificialorganresearch.Thethirdcallsuponpeopletoenhancethetopdesigntoeliminatestructuralobstaclesinindustrialupgradeandtopromoteenergyconservationandemissionreduction.25.中文热词通常反映社会变化和文化，有些在外国媒体上愈来愈流行。例如，土豪和大妈都是老词，但已获取了新的意义。土豪以前指欺压佃户和仆人的乡村地主，现在用于指花钱如流水或喜欢炫耀财富的人，也就是说，土豪有钱，但是没有品位。大妈是对中年妇女的称呼，但是现在特指不久前金价大跌时大量购买黄金的中国妇女。土豪和大妈可能会被收入新版的牛津英语词典，至今约有120中文加进了牛津英语词典，成了英语语言的一部分。Chinesehotwordsareusuallymirrorsofsocialchangesandcultureandsomeareevenfrequentlyusedinforeignmedia,forinstance,theexistedwordsTuhaoandDamahaveacquirednewmeaning.Tuhaoreferredtovillagelandlordswhooppressedpeasantsandservantsintheolddays,butnowdenotesupstartswhopanicpurchasesthingsorlikestoshowoff.Thatistosay,thelocaltyrantshavewealthbutnotaste.Damaisacallingtomiddle-agedwomen,butnowwasspecificallyaddressedtotheChinesewomenwhosweptgoldstoreswhenthegoldpricedroppedrecently.ThesetwowordsarelikelytobeincludedinthenewOxfordEnglishDictionary.Uptonow,approximately120ChinesewordshavebeenincludedinOxfordEnglishDictionary,acomponentoftheEnglishlanguage.26.中华民族的传统文化博大精深、源远流长。早在2000多年前，就产生了儒家学说和道家学说，以及其他很多在中国思想史上有地位的学说流派，这就是有名的“诸子百家”。从孔夫子到孙中山，中华民族传统文化有它的很多珍贵品质。比如“天下兴亡，匹夫有责”的爱国情操，“民为邦本”、“民贵君轻”的民本思想和“己所不欲，勿施于人”的行为准则。TraditionalChineseculturebothextensiveandprofoundenjoysawell-establishedandlongstandinghistory.Asearlyas2000yearsago,thereemergedConfucianism,Taoism,andmanyothertheoriesanddoctrinesprominentinChinesethoughthistory,allbeingcoveredbythefamousterm“theHundredSchoolsofThought”.FromConfuciustoDr.SunYat-sen,thetraditionalChineseculturepresentsmanypreciousideas,suchaspatriotismembodiedinthesaying“Everybodyisresponsiblefortheriseorfallofthecountry”,people-orientedthoughtlike“Peoplearethefoundationofthecountry”,“peoplearemoreimportantthanthemonarch”andcodeofconductlike“Don‟tdotootherswhatyoudon’twantotherstodotoyou”.27.中国人自古以来就在中秋时节庆祝丰收，这与北美地区庆祝感恩节的习俗十分相似，过中秋节的习俗与唐代早期在中国各地开始流行，中秋节在农历八月十五，是人们拜月的节日，这天夜晚皓月当空，人们合家团聚，共赏明月。2006年，中秋节被列为中国的文化遗产，2008年又被定为公共假日，月饼被视为中秋节不可或缺的美食，人们将月饼作为礼物馈赠亲友或在家庭聚会上享用。传统的月饼上带有“寿”、“福”或“和”等字样。Sinceancienttimes,theChinesepeopleusuallycelebrateharvestintheMid-Autumn,whichissimilartothecustomofcelebratingThanksgivingintheNorthAmerica.ThetraditionofcelebratingMid-AutumnfestivalbecamepopularthroughoutChinaintheearlyTangdynasty.ThelunarAugust15isadayforpeopletoworshipthemoon.Onthisday,6underthedazzlingbrightmoon,familymembersreuniteandenjoythemoon‟sbeauty.In2006,Mid-AutumnfestivalwaslistedasoneofChina'sculturalheritage,andin2008,itwasclassifiedasapublicholiday.Mooncakes,asindispensabledeliciousfoodofthefestival,weregiftexchangedbetweenrelativesandfriendsduringthefestivalandusuallytastedonfamilygatherings.TheTraditionalmooncakesusuallycharactersof“longevity”,“goodfortune”and“harmony”.28.丝绸之路：闻名于世的丝绸之路是一系列连接东西方的路线。丝绸之路是古代中国的丝绸贸易。丝绸之路上的贸易在中国、南亚、欧洲和发挥这重要作用。正是通过丝绸之路，中国的造纸、火药、指南针、印刷术传遍各地。同样，中国的丝绸、茶叶和瓷器也传遍各地，欧洲也是通过丝绸之路出口各种商品和植物，满足中国市场的需要。Theworld-renownedSilkRoadisaseriesofroutesconnectingtheEastandtheWest.TheSilkRoadrepresentstheancientChinesesilktradewhichplayedanimportantroleinChina,SouthAsia,EuropeandAfrica.ItwasthroughtheSilkRoadthatChinesepapermaking,gunpowder,thecompassandtheprintingpressspreadallovertheworld.Similarly,Chinesesilk,teaandporcelainalsospreadallovertheworldthroughtheSilkRoad.AndEuropeexportedallkindsofgoodsandplantsthroughtheSilkRoadtomeettheneedsoftheChinesemarket.29.中国园林是经过三千多年演变而成的独具一格的园林景观。它既包括为皇室成员享乐而建造的大型花园，也包括学者、商人和卸任的政府官员为摆脱嘈杂的外部世界而建造的私家花园。这些花园构成了一种意在表达人与自然之间应有的和谐关系的微缩景观。典型的中国园林四周有围墙，园内有池塘、假山、树木、花草以及各种各样由蜿蜒的小路和走廊连接的建筑。漫步在花园中，人们可以看到一系列精心设计的景观犹如山水画卷一般展现在面前。After3,000yearsofdevelopment,Chinesegardenshavebecomeauniquelandscape.Thisincludesbothlargegardensbuiltasentertainmentvenuesforroyalfamily,andprivategardensbuiltassecludedretreatsforscholars,merchantsandretiredgovernmentofficials.Thesegardenshaveconstitutedaminiaturethatisdesignedinpraiseoftheharmonybetweenmanandnature.AtypicalChinesegardenissurroundedbywallsandconsistsofvariousbuildingslinkedbywindingtrailsandcorridors,withponds,rockeries,trees,andflowersscatteredinit.Wanderinginsuchawell-designedgarden,peoplemayfeelthattheyarewalkinginalandscapepainting.30中国父母往往过于关注孩子的学习，以至于不要他们帮忙做家务。他们对孩子的唯一要求就是努力学习，考得好，能上名牌大学。他们相信这是为孩子好，因为在中国这样竞争激烈的社会里，只有成绩好才能保证前途光明。中国父母还认为，如果孩子能在社会上取得大的成就，父母就会受到尊敬。因此，他们愿意牺牲自己的时间、爱好和兴趣，为孩子创造更好的条件。Chineseparentsusuallyintendtopaytoomuchattentiontotheirchildren'sstudy,sothatchildrenarenotrequiredtohelpthemdothechores/housework.Theirprimaryrequirementfortheirchildrenistostudyhard,getgoodgradesandgotoafamous/prestigiousuniversity.Theybelievethisdoesgoodtotheirchildren,becauseinsuchahighlycompetitivesociety,onlygoodacademicperformancecouldensureapromisingfuture.Chineseparentsalsobelievethatparentswillbehonorediftheirchildrencanachievegreatsuccessinsociety.Therefore,theyarewillingtosacrificetheirowntime,hobbiesandintereststocreatemuchbetterconditionsforchildren.31云南省的丽江古镇是中国著名的旅游目的地之一。那里的生活节奏比大多数中国城市都要缓慢。丽江到处都是美丽的自然风光。众多的少数民族同胞提供了各式各样，丰富多彩的文化让游客体验。历史上，丽江还以”爱之城”而闻名。当地人中流传着许多关于因爱而生、为爱而死的故事。如今，在中外游客眼中，这个古镇被视为爱情和浪漫的天堂。Lijiang,anancienttowninYunanprovince,isoneofthefamoustouristdestinationsinChina.ThelifepacethereisslowerthanthatofmostcitiesinChina.BeautifulnaturalsceneriesareeverywhereinLijiang.Anumberofminoritycompatriotsprovidevariousandcolorfulculturesfortouriststoexperience.Lijianghasalsobeenknownasthe“CityofLove”throughouthistory.Plentyoflegendsaboutpeoplebornforloveanddiedforlovecirculateamongthelocalpeople.Nowadays,thisancienttownisregardedastheparadiseofloveandromanceintheeyesofbothChineseandforeignvisitors.32今年在长沙举行了一年一度的外国人汉语演讲比赛。这项比赛证明是促进中国和世界其他地区文化交流的好方法。它为世界各地的年轻人提供了更好地了解中国的机会。来自87个国家共计126位选手聚集在湖南省省会参加了从7月6日到8月5日进行的半决赛和决赛。比赛并