渔业资源评估《习题集》

习题十一题解1、世代雌虾雄虾合计尾X106吨尾X106吨尾X106吨1976450.9119479428.2013015879.11324941977153.914955142.843412296.7583672、⑴自然死亡系数M=0.257/年(i)各龄资源尾数世代年龄1234567819761655.61207.3673.2203.2156.462.233.511.7197735672758.72111.8671.1235.379.245.816.3(ii)各龄捕捞死亡系数世代年龄1234567819760.00750.37850.94100.00480.66520.36040.79381.028197700.01020.88930.79100.83220.29020.77661.028(2)自然死亡系数M=0.183/年(i)各龄资源尾数世代年龄1234567819761348.81113.2605.8175.1145.059.834.714.219772829.92356.61939.9617.2219.676.247.419.7(ii)各龄捕捞死亡系数世代年龄1234567819760.0090.4251.0580.0060.7030.3610.710.732197700.0120.9620.8500.8750.2920.6950.732年龄组t年份y渔获尾数C(y,t,t+1)捕捞死亡系数F(y,t,t+1)年初资源尾数N(y,t)VPACAVPACA019745990.160.1843904448.0119758600.370.3730543099.72197610711.111.1117291759.7319772690.990.99465471.641978690.760.76142142.751979250.700.7054.454.76198080.500.5022.222.2VPA对CA方法所估算的资源量相对误差为(0—6龄)：1.30%;1.50%;1.78%,1.42%,

4、(1)当F6=1.0时;年龄组t年份y渔获尾数C(y,t,t+1)捕捞死亡系数F(y,t,t+1)资源尾数N(y,t)相对误差019745990.164420.70.006119758600.373077.30.0072197610711.141741.30.01319772691.05456.60.0341978690.88130.40.0951979250.9744.40.196198081.013.70.38(2)当F6=2.0时;C6=8N6=9.9F6=2.0P6=0.55C5=25N5=39.7F5=1.18P5=0.27C4=69N4=124.8F4=0.94P4=0.13C3=269N3=449.7F3=1.08P3=0.05C2=1071N2=1732.9F2=1.15P2=0.02C1=860N1=3067.3F1=0.37P1=0.01C0=599N0=4408.0F0=0.16P0=0.015、a)X(Li，a)X(Li，130-Li1.4_130-L2体长组a)渔获尾数资源残存尾数开发率捕捞死亡系数总死亡系数cm(000')b)c)d)e)L1-L2X(L1,L2)C(L1,L2)n(L1)F/ZFZ6-121.0719182398919.30.12550.040.3212-181.07581446384392.70.58050.390.6718-241.08012522759475.80.79201.071.3524-301.0850813427623.00.69790.650.9330-361.0905388915967.80.63690.490.7736-421.096729599861.50.67850.590.8742-481.103918715500.50.69770.650.9348-541.11226532818.80.57920.390.6754-601.12203221691.50.50720.290.5760-66160.52340.310.5966-721.1478181621.00.58900.400.6872-781.165296313.70.58170.390.6778-841.187316148.70.28230.110.3984一0°一4692.0f)0.50000.280.56b)N(Li)=[N(L2)次(Li,L2)+C(L1,L2)]也[，L2)c)F/Z=C(L1,L2)/[N((L1)-N(L2)]d)F=M(F/Z)/(1—F/Z)e)Z=F+Mf)N(84)=C(84,//(F/Z)=46/0.5=926、体长组a)渔获尾数资源残存尾数开发率捕捞死亡系数总死亡系数cm(000')b)c)d)e)L1—L2X(Li,L2)C(Li,L2)n(L1)F/ZFZ6-121.0719182398919.30.12550.040.3212—181.07581446384392.70.58050.390.6718—241.08012522759475.80.79201.071.3524-301.0850813427623.00.69790.650.9330-361.0905388915967.80.63690.490.7736-421.096729599861.50.67850.590.8742-481.103918715500.50.69770.650.9348-541.11226532818.80.57920.390.6754-601.12203221691.50.50720.290.5760-66160.52340.310.5966-721.1478181621.00.58900.400.6872—781.165296313.70.58170.390.6778-841.187316148.70.28230.110.3984一0°一4692.0f)0.50000.280.56a)F(40.5)=3.9X0.1/(1—0.1)=0.437、(1)1968—1977年各龄鱼获重量单位：t\至份年龄1968196919701971197219731974197519761977122253855216854711377285573119651522595245828393652538017667244126352368423334034971146277127715967189854481735403942321136910711257125722242026141019858145109311511418378378106537894126613256189514297261264423291223412210717307149108108249133133141332总渔获重量978098347475106321063213074122559989109718077(2)1968—1977年各龄资源尾数单位：千尾年龄一..个份19681969197019711972197319741975197619771384258656660121824133130233107887435075126240152817400446347475268186192121641610983204418739661731180331871232310810482399

49427665834806727249884931064387538735938428623132719744915351861811571261071651341121062308677123606343100535357133总资源尾数1141811960127831948314522201761430815204124759747亲体资源尾数3561327821192667291444722582420925523523（3）1968—1977年各龄资源重量单位t年龄..年份1968196919701971197219731974197519761977123443578406374312521794418955413213921272666546766647769212409445014308352110650182336807623732175764600410613410310350349079894479538992967244334203685502925095416197052396222223771770143020241219277994732066122410618527231115906757717155558175810214985233578304404404731104总资源重量24289226942062126346272563045227751257292371719780亲体资源重量1528014440991111223123261805811548167951188114850（4）1968—1977年各龄捕捞死亡系数年龄...年份196819691970197119721973197419751976197710.110.180.160.290.230.210.180.120.960.2020.560.870.640.740.650.580.820.510.780.7030.780.970.500.750.710.970.720.870.800.8040.760.490.510.530.521.100.590.970.520.6050.700.851.080.350.340.870.420.470.380.6060.190.760.490.710.300.730.550.420.350.5070.400.400.400.400.400.400.400.400.400.40⑸对1978,1979和1980年一龄鱼资源尾数（补充量R）的估计：根据1967—1976年0龄资源量指数和1968-1977年一龄资源量之间的函数关系，用线性回归方程拟合得：R=720.06+9.3012N0（相关系数r=0.90312）R78=8431（千尾）；R79=6617（千尾）R80用历年补充量平均值可估计得R80=6781（千尾）（R80估计值也可采用其他方法估计）（6）对1978年资源量和鱼获量的预报结果:年龄资源尾数（千尾）N资源重量（t）B渔获尾数（千尾）C渔获重量（t）Y184315143139084823436570415862633344614852267534883448931418535174107772446

623315758456874335713108合计N=1346SN=1779B=19830SB=898336857209注：SN和SB分别为亲体资源尾数和亲体资源重量(7)1979年资源量和鱼获量的预报值：年龄NB1979年F值为1977年的不同倍数时的渔获量0.51.01.52.0CYCYCYCY166174036572349109166615629531990121425651938115212525260843293387562239466550313974652420139970623519023004103734534164835391996834690458106540539724579458216410152171343256158567852716108281893825745304711696319158352914839859490合计N=14420SN=2152B=12851SB=94342681532047009187624412035743914136(8)1980年资源量的预报值:1997年F值为1977年的不同倍数时的资源量年龄0.51.01.52.0NBNBNBNB16781413667814136678141366781413624902813744367363401366623631602733260108562298765216195391114138004767390451426163441751231117659961374458553404024862411629178120313289298662750415393243024923195合总数量1610029690143202375212974194211194516244计亲体量4417174173103122532180862315336081习题十二题解1、应用Ricker模型评析Z果如下（单位为kg/尾）:（1）开捕年龄不变（tc=1年），变化捕捞死亡系数：1997年捕捞死亡系数F值的倍数0.10.30.50.81.01.52.02.5单位补充渔获量（YW/R）单位补充量总0.72331.51121.80351.88861.85281.69511.55051.4377资源生物量B/R单位补充量亲体13.58949.34656.37774.52093.68532.55602.02171.7210资源生物量SB/R11.64727.45654.5382.76271.96260.93210.50070.28862）捕捞死亡系数不变（F=1.0F77）,变化开捕年龄:开捕年龄（tc）123456单位补充量渔获量（Yw/R）1.85282.05712.41152.34591.98231.4368单位补充量总资源生物量B/R3.68534.36716.79679.977212.429514.616（3）对该资源利用不太合理，有些才t捞过度，属生长型捕捞0.1过度。若开捕年龄不变，则捕捞强度应降低20%左右为宜。1979年的总允许渔获量应低于9000t（约8500t左右），而1980年的总允许鱼获量可高达10000t（约11000t）。（4）若将开捕年龄从目前的tc=1（年）提高到tc=2（年），渔获量可能提高11%,若提高tc=3年，渔获量可望提高30%,开捕年龄tc=3（年）为最佳开捕年龄。因此在渔业管理上可采取禁止捕捞1龄幼鱼的禁渔区和第四季度的三个月为休渔期。网目尺寸可从目前的70mm提高到100mm甚至更大的尺寸。2、（1）MSY=20.6（万吨），fMSY=47876网次；（2）Y0.1=20.4万吨，f0.1=20.4万吨，f0.1=43008网次；（3）1988年时对该资源利用并不合理，已出现生物学和经济学的捕捞过度；（4）MEY=18.46万吨，fMSY=32446网次；MER=2381.1万元；（5）对1989年的TAC根据MSY,MEY和丫0.1的要求，可分别确定12.2,8.27和10.98万吨，渔获量比1988年分别降低32.6%,54.3%和39.3%;捕捞努力量也大致应降低32.6%,54.3%和39.3%;（6）对共享资源的国家和地区均应同时采取相应的措施；（7）总允许渔获量（TAC）可相应提高30%,但捕捞努力量应按照原要求的限制水平，即仍按再生量未增加时所考虑的限制水平。3、按Schaefer模型：Y0.1=6067吨，f0.1=24809（船•天）按Fox模型：Y0.1=5969吨，f0.1=27815（船.天）捕捞努力量（渔船数）总产量（千吨）总收入（百万元）边际产量（千吨/船）边际收入（百万元/船）平均收入（百万元/船）总成本（百万元）平均成本（百万元/船）经济利润（百万元）111.211.211.211.211.2338.2219.719.78.58.59.856313.7326.126.16.46.48.709317.1431.031.04.94.97.7512319.0534.834.83.83.86.9615319.8637.837.83.03.06.2718319.8

740.040.02.22.25.6621319.0811.411.41.41.45.1124317.4942.142.10.70.74.6127315.11042.142.10.00.04.1530312.11141.741.7一0.4一0.43.783338.71240.940.9-0.8-0.83.363634.91339.839.8—1.1-1.13.023930.81438.438.4—1.4-1.42.70423-3.61536.736.7—1.7-1.72.41453-8.31634.834.8—1.9-1.92.14483—13.25、属经济学和生物学捕捞过度。若将捕捞努力量控制在350艘左右，可望取得最大持续产量，若船数控制在150艘左右，则可望取得最大经济利润。(1)当时的产值和利润可能提高30%左右，对捕捞努力量的增加又刺激作用，长期的后果将会使渔获量下降，使已过度捕捞的资源群体愈加衰退。(2)利润降低50%左右，对限制捕捞努力量有利，有可能使投产渔船数减少，资源可望得到恢复和增加，从长远来看有可能使总渔获量得到提高。(3)从短期效益来看，能使产量产值和利润都有较大的提高，当时的产量、产值和利润也可望提高50%左右，渔船从无盈利到有盈利；但从长远后果来看，等于提高50%捕捞强度，400艘渔船的捕捞能力相当于600艘的捕捞能力，这样就使已经过度捕捞的资源群体资源状况更加恶化，总渔获量不久将会大幅度下降，语言将会处在严重亏损状态；(4)总渔获量，总产值和渔船利润等方面有可能提高30%左右，处在无亏损的400艘渔船将从无盈利转而有较高的利润，但这时仍要注意限制捕捞能力水平，否则渔获量，产值和利润又将下降。6、⑴月龄段FtMZtNt(106)Dt(106)Ct(106)Yt(106)Vt(103$)Bt(mt)0-10.200.200.4067.0332.9716.4832.9726.37164.841-20.200.200.4044.9322.1011.0572.9358.34364.642-30.200.200.4030.1214.817.4197.77422.36488.843-40.400.200.6016.5313.959.06190.251158.64475.634-50.400.200.609.077.464.97138.22996.59345.565-60.400.200.604.984.092.7391.14687.19227.856-70.400.200.602.732.251.5056.76456.90141.897-80.400.200.601.501.230.8233.94273.2584.868-90.400.200.600.820.680.4519.80159.4049.509-100.400.200.600.450.370.2511.3491.2728.3410-110.400.200.600.250.200.146.4354.8116.0611-120.400.200.600.140.110.073.6031.159.00沿海34.94203.66507.08总计近海19.99551.483909.20总计54.93755.154416.28上表中：Ft和Zt为各月龄段的捕捞死亡系数和总死亡系数；M为自然死亡系数；Nt为

各月龄段段末时的资源残存尾数；Dt为各月龄段的总死亡尾数；Ct和Yt为各月龄段的渔获尾数和渔获重量；Vt为各月龄段的产值；可为各月龄段的平均资源重量（以下各表均同）。(2)月龄段FtMZtNt(106)Dt(106)Ct(106)Yt(106)Vt(103$)Bt(mt)0-10.400.200.6054.8845.1230.0860.1648.13150.401-20.400.200.6030.1224.7616.51108.9587.16272.382—30.400.200.6016.5313.599.06119.59516.62298.973—40.400.200.609.077.464.97104.41635.88261.034—50.400.200.604.984.092.7375.86546.94189.655—60.400.200.602.732.251.5050.02377.14125.056—70.400.200.601.501.230.8231.15250.7577.877—80.400.200.600.820.680.4518.63149.9646.578—90.400.200.600.450.370.2510.8787.4827.179-100.400.200.600.250.200.146.2250.0915.5610-110.400.200.600.140.110.073.5330.088.8211-120.400.200.600.070.060.041.9817.104.94沿海55.65288.7651.91总计近海10.97302.662145.41总计66.62591.362797.32月龄段FtMZtNt(106)Dt(106)Ct(106)Yt(106)Vt(103$)Bt(mt)0-10.600.200.8044.9355.0741.3182.6066.08137.671-20.600.200.8020.1924.7418.56122.4897.98204.132-30.600.200.809.0711.128.34110.07475.49183.443-40.400.200.604.984.092.7357.30348.98143.264-50.400.200.602.732.251.5041.63300.17104.085-60.400.200.601.501.230.8227.45206.9868.636-70.400.200.600.820.680.4517.09237.6142.747-80.400.200.600.450.370.2510.2282.3025.568-90.400.200.600.250.200.145.9648.0114.919-100.400.200.600.140.110.073.4127.498.5410-110.400.200.600.070.060.041.9416.514.8411-120.400.200.600.030.030.021.089.382.71沿海68.20315.15639.55总计近海6.02166.101177.43总计74.22481.251816.98月龄段FtMZtNt(106)Dt(106)Ct(106)Yt(106)Vt(103$)Bt(mt)0-10.200.200.4067.0332.9716.4832.9726.37164.841-20.200.200.4044.9322.1011.0572.9358.34364.64

2—30.200.200.4030.1214.817.4197.77422.36488.843-40.200.200.4020.199.934.96104.26634.96521.314—50.200.200.4013.536.663.3392.52667.07462.605—60.200.200.409.074.462.2374.51561.81372.556—70.200.200.406.082.991.5056.68456.24283.387—80.200.200.404.082.001.0041.40333.26206.998—90.200.200.402.731.340.6729.50237.45147.499—100.200.200.401.830.900.4520.63166.06103.1410-110.200.200.401.230.600.3014.28121.8171.4011-120.200.200.400.820.400.209.7784.5548.87沿海34.94203.66507.08总计近海14.65443.552363.22总计49.59647.213770.30月龄段FtMZtNt(106)Dt(106)Ct(106)Yt(106)Vt(103$)Bt(mt)0-10.200.200.4067.0332.9716.4832.9726.73164.841-20.200.200.4044.9322.1011.0572.9358.34364.642-30.200.200.4030.1214.817.4197.77422.36488.843-40.600.200.8013.5316.5912.44261.231590.88435.384-50.600.200.806.037.455.59155.391120.33258.985-60.600.200.802.733.352.5183.88632.48139.816-70.600.200.801.231.501.1342.77344.2971.287-80.600.200.800.550.680.5120.94168.5834.98-90.600.200.800.250.300.2310.0080.5216.679-100.600.200.800.110.140.104.6937.747.8110-110.600.200.800.050.060.052.1818.563.6311-120.600.200.800.020.030.021.008.641.66沿海34.94203.66507.08总计近海22.57582.074002.01总计57.51785.744509.09月龄段FtMZtNt(106)Dt(106)Ct(106)Yt(106)Vt(103$)Bt(mt)0-10.200.200.4067.0332.9716.4832.9726.73164.841-20.200.200.4044.9322.1011.0572.9358.34364.642-30.200.200.4030.1214.817.4197.77422.36488.843-40.800.201.0011.0819.0415.23319.861947.93399.824-50.800.201.004.087.005.60155.771123.11194.715-60.800.201.001.052.582.0668.85519.1286.066-70.800.201.000.550.950.7628.74231.3635.937-80.800.201.000.200.350.2811.5292.7514.408-90.800.201.000.070.130.104.5136.725.639-100.800.201.000.030.050.041.7313.922.16

10-110.800.201.000.010.020.010.665.600.8211—120.800.201.000.000.010.010.252.130.31沿海3494203.66507.08总计近海24.09591.883972.19总计59.03795.544479.27月龄段FtMZtNt(106)Dt(106)Ct(106)Yt(106)Vt(103$)Bt(mt)0-10.200.200.4067.0332.9716.4832.9726.37164.841-20.200.200.4044.9322.1011.0572.9358.34364.642-30.200.200.4030.1214.817.4197.77422.36488.843-41.000.201.209.0721.0517.54368.332243.15368.334-51.000.201.202.736.345.28146.861058.88146.865—61.000.201.200.821.914.5953.14400.7153.146—71.000.201.200.250.580.4818.16146.2218.167-81.000.201.200.070.170.145.9647.995.968-91.000.201.200.020.050.041.9115.361.919-101.000.201.200.010.020.010.604.830.6010-111.000.201.200.000.000.000.191.590.1911-121.000.201.200.000.000.000.060.500.06沿海34.94203.66507.08总计近海25.10595.223919.23总计60.04798.884426.31月龄段FtMZtNt(106)Dt(106)Ct(106)Yt(106)Vt(103$)Bt(mt)0-10.000.200.2081.8718.130.000.000.00181.271-20.200.200.4054.8826.9913.5089.0771.26445.372-30.200.200.4036.7918.099.05119.42515.87597.083-40.400.200.6020.1916.6011.07232.381415.17580.944-50.400.200.6011.089.116.07168.831217.24422.075-60.400.200.606.085.003.33111.32839.34278.296-70.400.200.603.342.741.8369.32558.06173.317-80.400.200.601.831.511.0041.4633.74103.658-90.400.200.601.010.830.5524.19194.6960.469-100.400.200.600.550.450.3013.85111.4734.6210-110.400.200.600.300.250.177.8566.9519.6211-120.400.200.600.170.140.094.4038.0511.00沿海22.54208.49587.13总计近海24.41673.584774.71总计46.96882.075361.84月龄段FtMZtNt(106)Dt(106)Ct(106)Yt(106)Vt(103$)Bt(mt)

0-11—20.000.000.200.200.200.2081.8767.0318.1314.840.000.000.000.000.000.00181.27489.762—30.200.200.4044.9322.1011.05145.85630.09729.273—40.400.200.6024.6620.2713.52283.821728.49709.564—50.400.200.6013.5311.137.42206.201486.74515.515—60.400.200.607.436.114.07135.961025.17339.916—70.400.200.601.083.352.2384.67681.61211.687—80.400.200.602.241.841.2350.64407.63126.598—90.400.200.601.231.010.6729.54237.8073.859-100.400.200.600.670.550.3716.91136.1542.2810-110.400.200.600.370.300.209.5981.7728.9711-120.400.200.600.200.170.115.3746.4713.43沿海11.05145.85630.09总计近海29.82822.725831.84总计40.87968.576461.93月龄段FtMZtNt(106)Dt(106)Ct(106)Yt(106)Vt(103$)Bt(mt)0-10.000.200.2081.8718.130.000.000.00181.271-20.000.200.2067.0314.840.000.000.00489.762-30.000.200.2054.8812.150.000.000.00801.963-40.400.200.6030.1224.7616.51346.662111.19866.664-50.400.200.6016.5313.599.06251.861815.91629.655-60.400.200.609.077.464.97166.071252.14415.176-70.400.200.604.984.092.73103.42832.52258.557-80.400.200.602.732.251.5061.85497.88154.628-90.400.200.601.501.230.8236.08290.4590.209-100.400.200.600.820.680.4520.66166.3051.6510-110.400.200.600.451.370.2511.7199.8829.2711-120.400.200.600.250.200.146.5656.7616.40沿海0.000.000.00总计近海36.431004.877123.02总计36.431004.877123.02月龄段FtMZtNt(106)Dt(106)Ct(106)Yt(106)一3.Vt(103$)Bt(mt)0-10.000.200.2081.8718.130.000.000.00181.271-20.000.200.2067.0314.840.000.000.00489.762-30.000.200.2054.8812.150.000.000.00801.963-40.000.200.2044.939.950.000.000.001044.574-50.000.200.2036.798.140.000.000.001132.155-60.000.200.2030.126.670.000.000.001113.646-70.000.200.2024.665.460.000.000.001034.627-80.000.200.2020.194.470.000.000.00923.06

8—90.000.200.2016.533.660.000.000.00803.329—100.000.200.2013.533.000.000.000.00686.1710-110.000.200.2011.082.450.000.000.00580.1811-120.000.200.209.072.010.000.000.00485.06产卵亲虾总尾数SN=70.40产卵亲虾平均资源量SB=2554.73月龄段FtMZtNt(106)Dt(106)Ct(106)Yt(106)Vt(103$)Bt(mt)0-10.000.200.2081.8718.130.000.000.00181.271-20.000.200.2067.0314.840.000.000.00489.762-30.000.200.2054.8812.150.000.000.00801.763-40.200.200.4036.7918.099.05189.981156.97949.894-50.200.200.4024.6612.136.06168.581215.48842.915—60.200.200.4016.538.134.06135.771023.69678.846—70.200.200.4011.085.452.72103.27831.32516.357-80.200.200.407.433.651.8375.43607.24377.178-90.200.200.404.982.451.2253.75432.67268.749—100.200.200.403.341.640.8237.59302.58187.9410-110.200.200.402.241.100.5526.02221.96130.1011-120.200.200.401.500.740.3717.81154.0789.06沿海0.000.000.00总计：SN=17.99近海26.96821.526061.19SB=总计26.96821.526061.19675.84月龄段FtMZtNt(106)Dt(106)Ct(106)Yt(106)Vt(103$)Bt(mt)0-10.000.200.2081.8718.130.000.000.00181.271-20.000.200.2067.0314.840.000.000.00489.762-30.000.200.2054.8812.150.000.000.00801.763-40.400.200.6030.1224.7616.51346.662111.19866.664-50.40