现在完成时的用法讲解和练习

还没现在完成时的讲解和练习对所学时态的回顾，引入现在完成时通过数轴来概括讲解所学的四个时态： 一般现在时、现在进行时、一般过去时、一般将来时。（导入）有时候，这4种时态还不能满足我们表达的需要。比如：表示“某人过去曾经做过某事”或者“某人做某事多久”，以上五种时态就派不上用场了。这时，我们可以用一种新的时态——现在完成时表示。同样也用数轴来表示一下。taught willteachTOC\o"1-5"\h\z丫 i 「 •—过去时 now 来时isteaching（IE在■发住） M 1 ►唤v Fna拄进行时pasttwoyears（hastaught} 二 *Twoyearsago now一现在完成时的构成：主语+have/has+过去分词(过去分词：规则动词的过去分词构成与动词过去式相同；不规则动词需要特殊记忆。-略 )[Exercisesl]选择填空( )1.1 Enghishinthisschoolsinee1999(A)taught(B)havetaught(C)tea(D)wouldteach()2.Lilei thepenforfiveyears(A)hashad(B)bought(C)havehad(D)havebought()3.Kate hergrandmother'sphotobefore(A)haven'tseen(B)haveseen(C)see(D)hasn'tseen( )4. Mary youthesedays.(A)Has,seen (B)Do,see(C)Did,see(D)Is,seeing( )5.sofar,we thousandsofBuildingin Quanzhou(A)build(B)havebuild(C)build(D)willbuild二、否定式：主语+haven't/hasn't+过去分词。疑问式：Have/Has+主语+过去分词?简略答语：Yes,主语+have/has.(肯定)No,主语+haven't/hasn't.(否定)[Exercises2]选择填空( )1.—Haveyoufinished yourwork?— (A).Yes,Ihave.(B)Yes,ldo.(C)Yes,Iam.(D)Yes,Idid.( )2.—HassheeverlearnedEnglish? — (A)Yes,shehas.(B)Yes,shedoes.(C)No,shedoesn't(D)No,shehas( )3.He finishedhishomework.yet(A)doesn't(B)haven't (C)hasn't (D)doesn'thave三现在完成时的含义之一表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，常与never/ever，just，already/yet，before。sofar等连用。这些标志词可以表达这种含义⑴以already,just和yet为标志already,just和yet表示到现在为止动作或状态已经、刚刚或还没有发生。Hehasalreadygotherhelp.Hehasjustseenthefilm.Hehasn'tcomebackyet。⑵以ever和never为标志ever和never表示到现在为止动作或状态曾经或从来没有发生过。ThisisthebestfilmIhaveeverseen.HehasneverbeentoBeijing.⑶以动作发生的次数为标志若某一动作到现在为止已经发生了若干次,则要使用现在完成时。HesayshehasbeentotheUSAthreetimes.⑷以sofar为标志sofar往往表示到目前为止动作或状态已经发生。HehasgottoBeijingsofar. Shehaspassedtheexamsofar.(5)never/ever,just,already/yet,before。sofar的用法.1．already意为“已经”，通常用于肯定句中，可放在助动词之后，过去分词之前，也可以放在句末。实例：I'vealreadyreadthisbook.我已经读过这本书了。(“读”这一动作发生在过去，对现在造成的影响是“知道书中的内容”。)rvewashedmyclothesalready.我已经洗了衣服。(洗衣服的动作已完成，其结果是“衣服冼干净了”。)注意：在表示吃惊或明知故问等感情色彩时，already也可用于(口语)疑问句中。实例：Haveyoumethimalready？你(真的)已经见过他了？yet用在疑问句中意为“已经”，用在否定句中意为“还”，常放在句末。实例：—Hashefoundhiswatchyet？他已经找到他的手表了吗？—No,notyet.不，还没有。Thewomanhasn'tfoundherdogyet.那位妇女还没有找到她的狗。(没找到狗，心里着急，这就是对现在的影响)just意为“刚刚”，表示行为刚刚过去，常放在助动词与过去分词之间。实例：Hehasjustcomebackfromschool.他刚从学校回来。ever意为“曾经”，用于疑问句或否定句中，放在助动词与过去分词之间。实例：HaveyoueverbeentoHongKong？你曾去过香港吗？Ihaven'teverspokentoher.我未曾和她说过话。never意为“从来没有”常与before连用(before要放在句尾，而never多放在助动词与

过去分词之间。实例:Ihavenevertravelledbyplanebefore.我以前从来没有乘飞机旅行过。before意为“以前”，指过去不确定的某个时间， 总是放在句末，不受句型的限制。实例:HaveyoubeentoHainanbefore?你以前去过海南吗?Ihaven'teatenGuangdongfoodbefore.我以前没吃过广东菜。[Exercises3]选择填空( )1.—Haveyou travelledonthetrain.—Yes,Ihave.(A)never (B)ever (C)just)2. Haveyoufinished yourhomework(A)ever (B)already (C)yet (D)just(A)never (B)ever (C)just)2. Haveyoufinished yourhomework(A)ever (B)already (C)yet (D)just)3.Wehaven'tfinishedourhomework .(A)already(B)ever)4.—Haveyou learned(A)never,ever(B)ever,never(C)yetEnglish?—Yes,I've(C)ever,already(D)yet——Not(D)neverlearnedalot.(D)already.ever( )5.—Haveyoufinishedyourhomework ?—Yes,I'vedonethat (A)yet,already(B)already,yet(C)ever,never (D)still,just()6.John'sfather borrowedsomepictures(A)havealready (B)hasjust(C)haveever (D)hasyet四、现在完成时含义之二表示过去已经开始 ，一直延续到现在的动作或状态。常与 for,since,howlong,,thesedays等连用。since之后的时间为⑴Since+过去点的时间（sincesince之后的时间为Mr.Smithhasworkedheresince1984.He'slearnedabout5,000Englishwordssincehewenttocollege.⑵for+一段时间（数词+量词），（for短语表示动作延续多长时间， for的宾语为时间段）划线部分用howlong提问。Wehaveknowneachotherfortwentyyears.Ihaven'tseenherforalongtime.[Exercises4]A)用since和for填空twoyears19997) 4hours10) lunchtimeBtwoyears19997) 4hours10) lunchtimeB)用since和for填空twoyearsagoyesterday8) anhourago9) 11) sheleftherelastmonth4o'clockwewerechildren1.HehaslivedinNanjing theyearbeforelast.2.1'veknownhim wewerechildren.OurteacherhasstudiedJapanese threeyears.Shehasbeenawayfromthecity abouttenyears.It'sabouttenyears sheleftthecity.C)选择填空( )1.I'vebeenlikethiseversnice (A)lastweek(B)foraweek(C)aweekbefore(D)thelastweek

五、)2.Mymotherhasworked(A)about (B)for)3.Ihaven't heard(A)since(B)for)4.Hisfatherjoined(A)forthreeyears(C)threeyearsago)5.Hemovedhere(A)atthattime(C)sincefouryears)6.Tomhasbeenawayfrom(A)\ (B)in句式：主句(现在完成时)+)1.she五、)2.Mymotherhasworked(A)about (B)for)3.Ihaven't heard(A)since(B)for)4.Hisfatherjoined(A)forthreeyears(C)threeyearsago)5.Hemovedhere(A)atthattime(C)sincefouryears)6.Tomhasbeenawayfrom(A)\ (B)in句式：主句(现在完成时)+)1.she English(A)hastaught,come(C)hastaught,hascome)2.OurEnghishteacher (A)e(C)hastaught,e)3.She inTaizhousince(A)haslived, hasbeen(C)lived,hasbeenfactory (D)sinee lastweek.(D)beforeininthisinfromhim_(C)agothepartysincethreeyearsagointwoyears'time1999,andhehas beenhere(B)forfiveyearsago(D)forfouryearshome aboutsince (D)forsince+从句(一般过去时)ourschooleversincefiveinin(B)taught,came(D)teaches,hascomeourschoolsincehe 2years.daysago.shehere.toChina.(B)taught,…come(D)teaches,has…comeshe bornin1980(B)haslived,was(D)lived,was六、句式：It's+—段时间+since从句(用一般过去时)( )1.It'stenyearssinceshe .hasleft(B)hasbeenaway(C)left (D)leave( )2.It'sthreeyearssincehe thearmy.(A)hasjoined (B)hasbeenin (C)join (D)joined七、havebeenin,havebeento与havegoneto的用法⑴have(has)beenin表示"在某地呆多长时间”，常与表示一段时间的状语连用， 女口：since,for,howlong等。例如：Mr.BrownhasbeeninShanghaiforthreedays.▲此外还有这些搭配： havebeenhere(there)/athome(school)/onthefarmhavebeenhere(there)/abroad⑵have(has)beento表示"曾经去过某地”，现在已经不在那里了。可与 just,ever,never等连用，Ihavejustbeentothepostoffice.MaryhasneverbeentotheGreatWall.HaveyoueverbeentoHangzhou?▲have(has)beento后面可接次数，表示去过某地几次。 ：IhavebeentoBeijingthreetimes.。Theyhavebeentothatvillageseveraltimes.⑶have(has)goneto意为"到某地去了”，表示到了某地或正在去某地的途中。总之，说话时该人不在现场，一般不用第一、第二人称代词作句子的主语。[Exercises7]A)用have(has)been或have(has)gone填空。A:Where LiFei ?B:He toHainanIsland.A:Howlong he there?B:He thereforthreedays.A:Whenwillhecomeback,doyouknow?B:I'mafraidhewon'tcomebackrecently.A:CouldyoutellmethewaytoHainanIsland?B:Sorry,I never there.A:Howmanytimes LiFei tothatplace?B:He thereonlyonce.用have/hasbeento/in,havegoneto的各种形式填空。WhereisJack?He hiscountry.David theparkjustnow.John Englandsincehecameback.Howlong have thisvillage?TheSmiths Beijingforyears. youever America? --Yes,I theremanytimes.I thisschoolsincethreeyearsago.WhereisJim?He thefarm.选择填空)1.Mrswhitesisn'there,she(A)hasbeento,went(C)wentto,hasgone)2.Shehas to(A)gone)3.—)1.Mrswhitesisn'there,she(A)hasbeento,went(C)wentto,hasgone)2.Shehas to(A)gone)3.—where (A)have,been)4.MrGreen(A)hasgone)5.Mrsmith(A)hasbeen(B)gotyourfatherLondon,she theremanytimes(B)hasgoneto,hasbeen(D)hasbeento,hasgoneBeijingtwice.(C)been(D)come ,LiLei?—To)6.They China(A)have beento(C)havegoneto八、现在完成时的反意疑问句【(B)has,been (C)have,goneisn'tintheoffice,He to(B)went (C)hasbeentoTokyoandhewillI(B)hasvisitedforBeijing(D)has,gone)thelibrary(D)willgobebackinaweek(C)hassent(D)hasgonetwoyears(B)havebeenin(D)havecometohave(n't)/has(n't)+代词】()1.Jim'sbeentotheGreatwallbefore, he?(A)isn't (B)wasn't (C)hasn't (D)doesn't( )2.She'sneverbeentoEngland, she?(A)has (B)hasn't (C)isn't (D)is九、Howlong与现在完成时( )1.-- haveyoubeenhere?--Sincelastyear(A)Howfar(B)Howlong(C)Howoften(D)Howsoon( )2. hasHanmeibeeninthelibrary.

(A)Howlong(B)Howsoon (C)Howfar (D)Howoften()3.Howlong he thelibrarybook.(A)has,borrow(B)has,kept(C)has,bought(D)did,buy十、短暂性转换延续性此时常与“for此时常与“for+—段时间心:或,overtheseyears,,overtheseyears,inthepastyears,以及sofar(到目前为止)等时间状语连用。 (肯定句，疑问句中谓语动词必须是延续性动词)他入团两年了。误：HehasjoinedtheLeaguefortwoyears.正：HehasbeenaLeaguememberfortwoyears.我买这辆自行车三年了。误：Ihaveboughtthisbikeforthreeyears.正:Ihavehadthisbikeforthreeyears.[Exercises10]A)按要求把短暂性转换为延续性动词arriveat/insw.getto/e/go/movetosw.tbeinsw./atschool/athome/onthefarm/behere/bethereHegottoBeijingfiveminutesago.TOC\o"1-5"\h\zHe Beijingfor .ImovedtotheUSAlastyear.I theUSAsinee .Iwenthomeyesterday.I homefor .Theycameherelastweek.They heresince .come/goback,returntbeback come/goouttbeoutHecameouttwoyearsago.He for .WereturntoFuzhouyesterday.We toFuzhousinee .becometbeIbecameateacherin2000.I ateacherfor .Theriverbecamedirtylastyear.Theriver dirtyfor .closetbeclosedopentbeopenTheshopclosedtwohoursago.Theshop for .Thedooropenedatsixinthemorning.Thedoor forsixhours.getuptbeupdietbedeadleavesw.beawayfromsw.fallasleep/gettosleepbeasleepfinish/end beovermarrybemarriedIgotuptwohoursago.TOC\o"1-5"\h\zI since .HeleftFuzhoujustnow.He Fuzhouforfiveminutes.Mygrandpadiedin2002.Mygrandpa for .Themeetingfinishedatsix.Themeeting forsixhours.Igottosleeptwohoursago.I since .Theymarriedin1990.They since .start/begintodosth.dosth. beginbeonIbegantoteachatthisschoolin1995.I atthisschoolsince .Thefilmbegantwominutesago.Thefilm for .borrowkeeplosenothavebuyhaveputonwearcatch/getacoldhaveacold gettoknowknowTheyborroweditlastweek.They itsince .Iboughtapentwohoursago.I apenfor .Igottoknowhimlastyear.I himsince .Iputonmyglassesthreeyearsago.I myglassesfor .have/hasgoneto havebeenin1)HehasgonetoBeijing.He Beijingfortwodays.jointheleague/theParty/thearmytbealeague/aPartymember/asoldiertbeamemberoftheleague/thePartytbeintheleague/theParty/thearmyHejoinedtheleaguein2002.He a fortwoyears.He a the fortwoyears.He theleaguefortwoyears.Mybrotherjoinedthearmytwoyearsago.Mybrother a for .Mybrother in fortwoyears.C）选择填空((((((()1.—HowlongcanI thisbook?—Twoweeks(A)borrow(B)keep (C)lend (D)return)2.Herfather in1990andherhusband formorethanfiveyears(A)died,dead(B)hasdied,dead(C)died,hasbeendead(D)hasdied,hasdied)3.Ihave thisnicewatch(A)had (B)bought)4.He hishome((((((()1.—HowlongcanI thisbook?—Twoweeks(A)borrow(B)keep (C)lend (D)return)2.Herfather in1990andherhusband formorethanfiveyears(A)died,dead(B)hasdied,dead(C)died,hasbeendead(D)hasdied,hasdied)3.Ihave thisnicewatch(A)had (B)bought)4.He hishome(A)hasleft(B)leftfromfortwoyears(C)borrowedfortenyears(C)hasbeenawayfrom(D)lend(D)wasawayfrom)5.He aleaguememberforthreeyea