211翻译硕士英语试题12

第第页（共8页）河南科技大学2012年硕士研究生入学考试试题考试科目代码：211考试科目名称：翻译硕士英语(如无特殊注明，所有答案必须写在答题纸上，否则以“0”分计算)PartIMultipleChoice(20%)ForeachsentencetherearefourchoicesA,B,C,orD,choosetheONEthatbestcompletesthesentence.Formanypeople,overeatingandoverspendingareastoChristmasascandlesandholly.A.integralB.suitableC.inevitableD.compatibleWhenmykidsgoaweekendwithoutpizzaandTVwhilecamping,theythinktheyaresufferinggreat.A.deficiencyB.deprivationC.depressionD.starvationThepolicehaveaskedfortheofthepublicintracingthewhereaboutsofthemissingboy.A.cooperationB.recommendationC.incorporationD.assistanceShemurmuredsomethingandblushedasifasecrethadbeen.A.closedB.exposedC.removedD.renewedBeforetheschoolwhatstudentsmustwear,theyworejustaboutanything.A.managedB.authorizedC.regulatedD.standardizedWhilethepopulationoftheUnitedStatesincludesagreatvarietyofracialandethnicbackgrounds,Japan'spopulationis.A.autonomousB.homogeneousC.monotonousD.anonymousTwoyearslatertheopportunitycameforhimtotakeaAmericanlookattheOldWorld.A.distinctlyB.distinctivelyC.distinctiveD.instinctivelyInbrief,itshouldbeourgoaltoasmuchoftheoriginalbeautyofnatureaswecan.A.restoreB.introduceC.remainD.supplyWeshouldwiththedifficultieswewereconfrontedwith.A.ponderB.acquaintC.broodD.contendThediscoveryofgoldcanbringgreattoourcountry.A.propertyB.revenueC.wealthD.depositIfonlythearbitrationcourtthedispute.A.resolveB.willresolveC.canresolveD.resolvesIadviseyouofoutsuchadangerousplan.A.tostoptothink...carryB.tostopthinking...carryingC.tostopthinking...tocarryD.stoppingtothink...carryingSheboughtplates.onedozenbeautifulpalebluedinneronedozenpalebluebeautifuldinnerbeautifulonedozenpalebluedinneronedozendinnerbeautifulpaleblueMoreandmoreadvancedfarmmachines,theagriculturalproductionincreasedtremendously.A.usingB.havingusedC.havingbeenusedD.tohavebeenusedIthinkyouaresupposedyourgraduatestudylastyear.A.tobefinishingB.tohavefinishedC.tofinishD.tohavebeenfinishedThepaperseveralpersonsareriskingtheirlivesisanimportantreportonmissiles.A.afterwhichB.forwhichC.withwhichD.atwhichTheactressisnotsobeautifulthepressdescribedinadvance.A.thatB.howC.asD.whatTheprotectiondevicecaneliminatethefaultstheycausemoredamage.A.unlessB.untilC.beforeD.althoughAllispeaceandprogress.A.whatisneededB.forourneedsC.theneededthingD.thatisneededhewasawareoftherealmeaningoflife.A.ThatwasfromthatbookthatB.ItwasthatbookwhichC.ItwasfromthatbookthatD.ItwasthatbookthatBlank-filling(10%)Putawordineachblankthatisappropriateforthecontext.In1931,whenNewYork'sfledglingMuseumofModernArtwasplanningthesecondsoloexhibitionofitsshorthistory,DiegoRiveramaynothaveseemedanobviouscandidate.TheMexicanartistwasaflamboyantsocialist,famousforpainting1VladimirMayakovsky,theRussianpoet,called“theworld'sfirstcommunistmurals”.Just45yearsold,hewasalsoyoung2thehonour.Butinmanyways,thematchbetweenMoMAandthemuralistmadeperfectsense.Herewasanartistwhocould3headlines;exactlywhatanewmuseumneeded.HewasMexicanatatime4_Americangallerieswereeagertoembraceacultureclosertohome,insteadofendlesslycourtingartistsfromEurope.AndinDepression-eraNewYork,Rivera'ssociallyengagedarthadparticularresonance.NowathoughtfullyconceivedexhibitionatMoMAhasbroughttogetherforthefirsttimefiveoftheeightportablefrescoesRiveracreatedspecificallyforthe1931show,alongwithenoughadditionalmaterialtobuildanabsorbingpictureoftheartistandhis5.LeahDickerman,theshow'scurator,hopestheexhibition“tellsseveraldifferentstories.”Thefirststory,undoubtedly,isthatofRiverahimself,and6anartistcommissionedbyMexico'spost-revolutionarygovernmenttopaintnationalistmuralsachievedinternationalfame.Theluminousfrescoesandboldpreparatorydrawingson7showtheskillofafinedraftsmanandcolourist.RiverawasacquaintedwiththefrescoesoftheRenaissance,8ablewiththesweepofalinetocreateintensemomentsofmovementanddrama.ButRiverawasalsoalarger-than-lifepersonality,withatalentforwinningoverwealthypatronswithoutsacrificinghissocialistcredentials.Forthe1931show,hedeliveredworks9theexpectedMexicantheme(suchasaniconographicimageofEmilianoZapata,theMexicanrevolutionary,andanAztecwarriorstabbingaSpanishconquistador),andaddedfrescoes10containedstingingcritiquesofAmericancapitalism.ReadingComprehension(40%)ReadthefollowingpassageandanswerthequestionsbychoosingA,B,C,orD.1ComputersmonitoreverythinginSingaporefromsoilcompositiontolocationofmanholes.Attheairport,ittookjust15secondsforthecomputerizedimmigrationsystemtoscanandapprovemypassport.Ittakesonlyoneminutetobecheckedintoapublichospital.By1998,almosteveryhouseholdwillbewiredforinteractivecableTVandtheInternet,theglobalcomputernetwork.Shopperswillbeabletoviewandpayforproductselectronically.A24-hourcommunitytelecomputingnetworkwillallowuserstocommunicatewithelectedrepresentativesandretrieveinformationaboutgovernmentservices.Itisallpartofthegovernment'splantotransformthenationintowhatitcallsthe“IntelligentIsland”.Insomanyways,Singaporehaselevatedtheconceptofefficiencytoakindofnationalideology.Forthepasttenyears,Singapore'sworkforcewasratedthebestintheworld-aheadofJapanandtheU.S.intermsofproductivity,skillandattitudebytheBusinessEnvironmentRiskIntelligenceservice.Behindthe“Singaporemiracle”isamanRichardNixondescribedasoneof“theablestleadersIhavemet,"onewho,“inothertimesandotherplaces,mighthaveattainedtheworldstatureofaChurchill.”LeeKuanYewledSingapore'sstruggleforindependenceinthe1950s,servingasPrimeMinisterfrom1959until1990.Today(1995),at71,hehasnominallyretiredtotheofficeofSeniorMinister,wherehecontinuestoinfluencehiscountry'sfuture.Leeofferedcompaniestaxbreaks,politicalstability,cheaplaborandstrike-freeenvironment.Nearly90percentofSingaporeanadultsnowowntheirownhomesandthankstostrictadherencetotheprincipleofmerit,personalopportunitiesabound.“Ifyou'vegottalentandworkhard,youcanbeanythinghere,”saysaMalaysian-bornwomanwhoholdsahigh-levelcivil-serviceposition.LeelikestoboastthatSingaporehasavoidedthe“moralbreakdown”ofWesterncountries.Heattributeshisnation'ssuccesstostrongfamilyties,arelianceoneducationastheengineofadvancementandsocialphilosophythatheclaimsissuperiortoAmerica's.InaninterviewwithReader'sDigest,hesaidthattheUnitedStateshas“lostitsbearings”byemphasizingindividualrightsattheexpenseofsociety.“Anethicalsociety,”hesaid,“isonewhichmatcheshumanrightswithresponsibilities.”WhatcharacterizesSingapore'putermonitoringworkefficiencyhighproductivityvalueonethicsFromNixon'sperspective,Leeis.almostasgreatasChurchillnotasgreatasChurchillonlysecondtoChurchillinbeingaleaderjustasgreatasChurchillInthelastparagraph,“lostitsbearings”maymean.becameimpatient.“failedtofindtherightposition”“lostitsfoundation”“grewband-mannered”“Youcanbeanythinghere”(Paragraph5)maybeparaphrasedas.Youcanhopeforaverybrightprospect.Youmaybeabletodoanythingneeded.Youcanchooseanyjobasyoulike.Youwillbecomeanoutstandingworker.InSingapore,theconceptofefficiency.hasbeenemphasizedthroughoutthecountryhasbecomeanessentialqualityforcitizenstoaimatisbroughtforwardbythegovernmentinordertocompetewithAmericaisknownasthebasisforbuildingthe“IntelligentIsland”2Whatweknowofprenataldevelopmentmakesallthisattemptmadebyamothertomoldthecharacterofherunbornchildbystudyingpoetry,art,ormathematicsduringpregnancyseemutterlyimpossible.Howcouldsuchextremelycomplexinfluencespassfromthemothertothechild?Thereisnoconnectionbetweentheirnervoussystems.Eventhebloodvesselsofmotherandchilddonotjoindirectly.Anemotionalshocktothemotherwillaffectherchild,becauseitchangestheactivityofherglandsandsothechemistryherblood.Anychemicalchangeinthemother’sbloodwillaffectthechildforbetterorworse.Butwecannotseehowalookingformathematicsorpoeticgeniuscanbedissolvedinbloodandproduceasimilarlikingorgeniusinthechild.Inourdiscussionofinstinctswesawthattherewasreasontobelievethatwhateverweinheritmustbeofsomeverysimplesortratherthananycomplicatedorverydefinitekindofbehavior.Itiscertainthatnooneinheritsknowledgeofmathematics.Itmaybe,however,thatchildreninheritmoreorlessofarathergeneralabilitythatwemaycallintelligence.Ifveryintelligentchildrenbecomedeeplyinterestedinmathematics,theywillprobablymakeasuccessofthatstudy.Asformusicalability,itmaybethatwhatisinheritedisanespeciallysensitiveear,apeculiarstructureofthehandsorthevocalorgansconnectionsbetweennervesandmusclesthatmakeitcomparativelyeasytolearnthemovementsamusicianmustexecute,andparticularlyvigorousemotions.Ifthesefactorsareallorganizedaroundmusic,thechildmaybecomeamusician.Thesamefactors,inothercircumstancemightbeorganizedaboutsomeothercenterofinterest.Therichemotionalequipmentmightfindexpressioninpoetry.Thecapablefingersmightdevelopskillinsurgery.Itisnottheknowledgeofmusicthatisinherited,thennoreventheloveofit,butacertainbodilystructurethatmakesitcomparativelyeasytoacquiremusicalknowledgeandskill.Whetherthatabilityshallbedirectedtowardmusicorsomeotherundertakingmaybedecidedentirelybyforcesintheenvironmentinwhichachildgrowsup.Whichofthefollowingstatementsisnottrue?Somemotherstrytoinfluencetheirunbornchildrenbystudyingartandothersubjectsduringtheirpregnancy.Itisutterlyimpossibleforustolearnanythingaboutprenataldevelopment.Thebloodvesselsofmotherandchilddonotjoindirectly.Therearenoconnectionbetweenmother'snervoussystemsandherunbornchild’s.AmotherwillaffectherunbornbabyontheconditionthatsheisemotionallyshockedshehasagoodknowledgeofinheritanceshetakespartinallkindofactivitiesshestickstostudyingAccordingtothepassage,achildmayinherit.everythingfromhismotherknowledgeofmathematicsarathergeneralabilitythatwecallintelligencehermother'smusicalabilityIfachildinheritssomethingfromhismother,suchasanespeciallysensitiveear,apeculiarstructureofthehandsorofthevocalorgans,hewill.surelybecomeamusicianmostlybecomeapoetpossiblybecomeateacherbecomeamusicianontheconditionthatallthesefactorsareorganizedaroundmusic10.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.RoleofInheritanceB.AnUnbornChildC.FunctionofinstinctsD.InheritedTalents3ThediscoveryoftheAntarcticnotonlyprovedoneofthemostinterestingofallgeographicaladventures,butcreatedwhatmightbecalled“theheroicageofAntarcticexploration”.Bytheirtremendousheroism,mensuchasShakleton,Scott,andAmundsencausedanewcontinenttoemergefromtheshadows,andyetthatheroicage,littlemorethanacenturyold,isalreadypassing.Modernscienceandinventionsarerevolutionizingtheendurance;futurejourneysintotheseicywasteswillprobablydependonmotorvehiclesequippedwithcaterpillartractionratherthanonthedogsthatearlierdiscoverersfoundsoinvaluableandhardlycomparable.FewrealizethatthisAntarcticcontinentisalmostequalinsizetoSouthAmerica,andenormousfieldofworkawaitsgeographersandprospectors.Thecoastsofthiscontinentremaintobeaccuratelycharted,andthemappingofthewholeoftheinteriorpresentsaformidabletasktothecartographerswhoundertakethework.Oncetheirlaborsarecompleted,itwillbepossibletoprospectthevastnaturalresourceswhichscientistsbelievewillfurnishoneofthelargesttreasurehoardsofmetalsandmineralstheworldhasyetknown,andalmostinexhaustiblesourcesofcopper,coal,uranium,andmanyotheroreswillbecomeavailabletoman.SuchdiscoverieswillusherinaneraofpracticalexploitationoftheAntarcticwastes.Thepolardarknesswhichhidesthiscontinentforthesixwintermonthswillbedefeatedbyhugebatteriesoflight,andmakepossibletheestablishingofair-fieldsforthefutureinter-continentalairservicesbymakingtheseareasaslightasday.Presentflyingrouteswillbecompletelychanged,fortheAntarcticrefuelingbaseswillmakeflightsfromAustraliatoSouthAmericacomparativelyeasyoverthe5,000milesjourney.Theclimateisnotlikelytoofferaninsuperableproblem,fortheexplorerAdmiralByrdhasshownthattheclimateispossibleevenformencompletelyuntrainedforexpeditionsintothosefrozenwastes.Someofhispartiesweremenwhohadneverseensnowbefore,andyetherecordsthattheysurvivedtherigorsoftheAntarcticclimatecomfortably,sothat,providedthattheappropriateinstallationsaremade,wemayassumethathumanbeingsfromallcountriescouldlivetheresafely.Byrdevenaffirmsthatitisprobablythemostfriendlyclimateintheworld,fortheintensecoldofthousandsofyearshassterilizethiscontinent,andrendereditabsolutelygermfree,withtheconsequencesthatordinaryandextraordinarysicknessanddiseasesfromwhichmansuffersinotherzoneswithdifferentclimatesarehereutterlyunknown.Thereexistnoproblemsofconservationandpreservationoffoodsupplies,forthelatterkeepindefinitelywithoutanysignsofdeterioration;itmayevenbethatlatergenerationswillcometoregardtheAntarcticasthenaturalstorehouseforthewholeworld.Plansarealreadyonfoottosetuppermanentbasesontheshoresofthiscontinent,andwhatsofewyearsagowasregardedasa“deadcontinent”nowpromisestobeamostactivecenterofhumanlifeandendeavor.WhendidmanbegintoexploretheAntarctic?About100yearsago.Inthiscentury.Atthebeginningofthe19thcentury.In1798.Whatmusttheexplorersbe,eventhoughtheyhavemodernequipmentandtechniques?Braveandtough.Stubbornandarrogant.Well-likedandhumorous.Stoutandsmart.Thehealthiestclimateintheworldis.inSouthAmericaintheArcticRegionintheAntarcticContinentintheAtlanticOceanWhatkindofmetalsandmineralscanwefindintheAntarctic?Magnetite,coalandores.Copper,coalanduranium.Silver,naturalgasanduranium.Aluminum,copperandnaturalgas.Whatisplannedforthecontinent?Buildingdamsalongthecoasts.Settingupseveralsummerresortsalongthecoasts.Mappingthecoastandwholeterritory.Settinguppermanentbasesonthecoasts.Readthefollowingpassageandanswerthequestionsbriefly.4Fashionaffectsallhumanactivities,andscienceisnotexempt.Inthefieldofpalaeontology,forexample,thestockofcrocodilesisrising.TheirroleinMesozoicecosystems,includingaspredatorsofdinosaurs,hasbeenreassessedoverthepastfewyears—andtheirdiversityofforms(evenincludingherbivorousspecies)isbecomingincreasinglyapparent.Thisshiftofperceptioniscausingfossilhunterstotakearenewedlookatcrocodiles,dinosaursandthesimilaritiesanddifferencesbetweenthem.Onesuchstudy,conductedbySarahWerningoftheUniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley,andhercolleagues,isreminiscentofAesop’sfableaboutthehareandthetortoise—withdinosaursplayingtheroleofthecockylagomorphandcrocodilesthatoftheslowbutsteadychelonian.OneofthetraitswhichalloweddinosaurstodominatethefaunaoftheJurassicandCretaceousperiodswasthattheygrewrapidly.Thisisclearfromtheirbones,whichshowfourtraitsassociatedinlivinganimalswithfastgrowth:thattheyhavenumerouscanalsthroughwhichbloodvesselswouldhavepassedforthetransportofnutrients;thatthosecanalsarearrangedincomplexnetworks,ratherthanrunningseparatelythroughthebone;thatfibresofcollagen(aproteinwhichhelpsmakebonesupple)arelooselyorganisedwithinthem,ratherthanbeingtightlypacked;andthattheyhavelargeclustersofcellscalledosteocytes,whichareimportantintheformationandmaintenanceofbone.Inthesecharacteristics,dinosaurbonesaresimilartothosebothofmammalsandofdinosaurs’moderndescendants,thebirds,anddissimilartothoseofbothancientandmoderncrocodiles.Dinosaursarenotuniqueinshowingsignsofrapidgrowth,though.Pterosaurboneshavesimilarfeatures,asdothoseofseveralothergroupsofMesozoicreptiles.MsWerningthereforedecidedtotracethephenomenonofrapidgrowthbackasfarasshecouldinthefossilrecord,byexaminingthebonesofawidevarietyofspecies.Theupshot,shediscovered,wasthatthefeaturesindicatingrapidgrowthwereaddedonebyoneduringtheTriassic(theperiodimmediatelybeforetheJurassic).Thatisnotterriblysurpris