战略管理理论与实践的新发展课件

杨海滨

香港城市大学管理系战略管理理论与实践的新发展USTCResearchSeminar,2012ARoadmapAGlimpseofMyResearchAreas战略管理管理与实践TheQuestionsIAskQ1:StrategicNetworksandAcquisitionsWhatwillfirmschooseamonginternaldevelopment,alliancesandacquisitions?Amulti-levelframeworkoffirmboundaries:Firmcharacteristics,dyadicdifferences,andnetworkattributes(withLin,Z.,&Lin,Y).StrategicManagementJournal,2010

Howwillalliancesaffectacquisitions?Behindacquisitionsofalliancepartners:Exploratorylearningandnetworkembeddedness(withLin,Z.,&Peng,M.).AcademyofManagementJournal,2011HowdonetworksandlearningdriveM&As?AninstitutionalcomparisonbetweenChinaandAmerica(withLin,Z.,Peng,M.,&Sun,L.).StrategicManagementJournal,2009NetworkdynamicsStructuralvs.individualperspectivesonthedynamicsofgroupperformance:Theoreticalexplorationandempiricalinvestigation.JournalofManagement,2005TheQuestionsIAsk-Cont’dQ2:AlliancePortfolioWhataretheperformanceimplicationsofafirm’sallianceportfolio?Theperformanceconsequencesofambidexterityinstrategicallianceformations:Empiricalinvestigationandcomputationaltheorizing(withLin,Z.,&Demirkan,I).ManagementScience,2007.Alliancepartnersandfirmperformance:Resourcecomplementarityandstatusassociation(withLin,Z.,&Arya,B).StrategicManagementJournal.2009.Explorationversusexploitationinallianceportfolio:Performanceimplicationsoforganizational,strategic,andenvironmentalfit(withYamakawa,Y.,&Lin,Z.).ResearchPolicy,2011.Explorationorexploitation?Smallfirms’alliancestrategieswithlargefirms(withZheng,Y.,&Zhao,X.)under2ndreviewatStrategicManagementJournalDoesfamiliarityfosterinnovation?RepeatedR&Dalliancesandbreakthroughinnovations(withZheng,Y.)Under2ndreviewatAcademyManagementJournal.TheimpactofpriorallianceswithcurrentcompetitorsoninnovationracesintheUSPharmaceuticalindustry(withCui,V.&Vertinsky.I.)Under2ndreviewatAcademyManagementJournal.TheQuestionsIAsk-Cont’dQ3:EOresearchWhataretheantecedentsandconsequencesofEO?Wheredoentrepreneurialorientationscomefrom?Aninvestigationontheirsocialorigin(withDess,G).InG.T.Lumpkin&J.A.Katz(Eds.),Advancesinentrepreneurship,firmemergence,andgrowth,2007,vol.10:223-247.Greenwich,CT:JAIPress.Entrepreneurialorientation:Assessingtheconstruct’svalidityandaddressingsomeofitsimplicationsforresearchintheareasoffamilybusinessandorganizationallearning(withDess,G.,&Pkinkham,B.)EntrepreneurshipTheoryandPractice,2011:1077-1090.Entrepreneurialorientationandfirmperformance:Themoderatingeffectsofintra-andinter-organizationalcontexts(withDess,G.,&Robins,J.)

UnderreviewatStrategicManagementJournalTheQuestionsIAsk-Cont’dOtherQsProductInnovationManagerialnetworks,organizationalinnovation,andfirmperformanceinatransitioneconomy(withShi,W.,&Wang,J.).Workingpaper.Ambidexterityinproductinnovationmanagement:Thedirectandcontingenteffectsonproductdevelopmentperformance(withAtuahene-Gima).

Workingpaper.Marketknowledgedomains,marketsituationinterpretation,andthenatureofinnovationcompetencedevelopment(withAtuahene-Gima).

Workingpaper.CorporateGovernanceDoesfamilybusinessexcelinfirmperformance?Aninstitution-basedview(withLiu,W.,&Zhang,G.)AsiaPacificJournalofManagement(Forthcoming).ExecutivecompensationinAsia:Acriticalreviewandoutlook(withSun,L.,&Zhao,X.)AsiaPacificJournalofManagement2010.Definition:Strategicmanagementconsistsoftheanalysis,decisions,andactionsanorganizationundertakesinordertocreateandsustaincompetitiveadvantages.KeyattributesofstrategicmanagementDirectstheorganizationtowardoverallgoalsandobjectives.IncludesmultiplestakeholdersindecisionmakingNeedstoincorporateshort-termandlong-termperspectivesRecognizestrade-offsbetweenefficiencyandeffectiveness战略管理的概念案例：框架媒介与分众传媒Analysis:框架媒介在2004有两个主营业务：电梯平面媒体广告与液晶屏广告，年入4000万，估值3200万。全国广告业务市场竞争对手众多，利润率低，且主要对手分众传媒2005年中即将上市。Decision:集中经营、行业整合Action:2005年2月启动，6月结束，整合了6家主要竞争对手。卖给分众传媒，估值3.49亿美元。战略的四个基本问题Whyarefirmsdifferent?Howdofirmsbehave?Whatdeterminesthescopeofthefirm?Whatdeterminesthesuccessorfailureofthefirmininternationalcompetition?战略管理理论的发展历程（一）启蒙期：以环境为基点的经典战略管理理论（1930s-1970s）

Barnard,C.1938.“TheFunctionsoftheExecutives”

Chandler,A.1962“StrategyandStructure:ChaptersintheHistoryofIndustrialEnterprise”

基本观点１、企业的战略出发点是适应环境；２、高层经理人是战略制订的设计师，负责计划的全过程；３、组织结构与战略相适应。战略管理理理论的发展展历程（二二）奠基与初步步发展期(1980s)产业组织战战略学派Porter,M.1980““CompetitiveStrategy”Strategyasafieldemerged:SMSandSMJlaunched.基本观点１、Structure-Conduct-Performance(SCPModel)２、‘五力力’模型３、价值链链分析是竞竞争优势的的来源战略管理理理论的发展展历程（三三）发展期(1990s)以资源、知知识为基础础的核心竞竞争力理论论Barney,J.1991.““Firmresourcesandsustainedcompetitiveadvantage””Peteraf,M.1993.“Thecornerstonesofcompetitiveadvantage:Aresource-basedview”基本观点１、resourceheterogeneity2、resourceimmobility(Isolatingmechanisms:causalambiguity,specializedassets,switchingcost,patents,reputation,culture,legalrestrictions)3、valuable,rare,non-imitablity,nonsubstitutabilityforsustainablecompetitiveadvantages战略管理理理论的发展展历程（四四）百家争鸣期期(2000s-)CompetitiveDynamics(动态竞争理理论)１、行动导导向、现实实导向如多点竞争争２、任何优优势都是暂暂时的：自自我否定如如IBM，又如柯达达３、resourcesimilarityvs.marketcommonality４、awareness-motivation-capability(AMC):Puppydog(Haier),Topdog(Netscape),lean-and-hungrylook(Nike,P&G),fatcat(IKEA)５、asymmetricalcompetitionChen&Miller(2012)““Competitivedynamics:Themes,trendsandaprospectiveresearchplatform”TheAcademyofManagementAnnals.Figure1ComparisonofFiveForcesAnalysisandCompetitiveDynamicsPerspective战略管理理理论的发展展历程（四四）社会网络理理论(socialnetworktheory)BACD社会网络理理论基本观点Networkstructureandcontentaffectfirmbehaviorandultimatelyaffectfirmoutcome.NetworksasresourceaccessNetworksasasourceoftrustNetworksasasourceofpowerandcontrolNetworksassignalingmechanisms企业联盟网网络企业联盟网网络CollaborationandcompetitioninalliancenetworksCo-opetion:Sony-Ericsson,Yahoo-ebay,GM-Toyota(learningrace)NworkcontentCentralityvs.structuralholesstrongvs.weaktiespoliticalvs.businessties战略管理理理论的发展展历程（四四）RealOptions(期权理论)StrategyasaportfolioofrealoptionsOptionvalueasacomponentofthetotalvalueofthefirm;specificinvestmentwithoptionlikeproperties;optionsandabandonmentRealOptions:达能中国攻攻略时间表表1987年，成立广广州达能酸酸奶公司。。1994年，与光明明先后合资资建立了上上海酸奶及及保鲜乳两两个项目，，达能占45.2%的股份。1996年，收购武武汉东西湖湖啤酒54.2%的股权；与与娃哈哈成成立5家合资公司司，达能获获得41%的股权,共同生产以以“娃哈哈哈”为商标标的包括纯纯净水、八八宝粥等在在内的产品品。收购深深圳益力食食品公司54.2%股权。2000年3月，达能收收购乐百氏氏92%的股权。2001年，达能亚亚洲有限公公司参股光光明，比例例为5%。2004年，收购梅梅林正广和和饮用水有有限公司50%股份。2005年4月，达能亚亚洲持有光光明乳业(6.37,0.09,1.43%)股权增至9.7%，成为该公公司第三大大股东。2005年10月，达能亚亚洲第三次次增持光明明乳业1.85%股权，股份份总计11.55%。到2006年4月，增持光光明股权达达到20.01%。2006年7月，法国达达能以持股股22.18%的比例成为为中国汇源源集团的第第二大股东东。2006年12月，达能与与蒙牛组建建合资公司司，达能持持股49%。致力于酸酸奶等产品品的生产、、研发与销销售。2007年2月，达能在在汇源果汁汁(1886.HK)IPO时行使优先先认购权，，将所持汇汇源果汁的的股份由上上市前的22.18%增持至24.32%2007年5月，达能与与娃哈哈引引起兼并纠纠纷。2009年9月，达能同同意将其在在各家达能能-娃哈哈合资资公司中的的51%的股权出售售给娃哈哈哈。此次股股权转让价价格为3亿欧元。其它理论Transaction-costeconomicsInstitutionaltheoryAgencytheoryResource-dependencetheoryOrganizationallearningtheoryPopulationecologyDynamiccapabilitiesProspecttheory……战略理论演演变的基本本规律内（计划、、分析）－－外（产业业结构）－－内（核心心能力、资资源）－外外（联盟及及网络）竞争由弱到到强：计划划学派－结结构学派－－动态竞争争学派战略思维从从线性到非非线性，环环境的不可可预见性多种理论的的结合理论的运用用：联盟与与兼并的选选择CocaColaandP&G’shealthdrinksbusinessIntelandDSPcommunications’’wirelesschipsinhandsetsAbiotechfirmwithnewdrugandapharmaceuticalgiantwiththeabilitytogetFDAapproval理论的运用用：苹果的的成功与危危机Industryperspective:industryattractivenessValuechainanalysisResource-basedview:talents,extensiveR&D,financialresources,brand,patents,marketingskillsBusiness-levelstrategy:differentiationCorporate-levelstrategy:relateddiversificationUpperechelontheory:TheroleofSteveJobsInstitutionalperspectiveCompetitivedynamics:competitionbetweenclosedsystemvs.opensystem(windows&Android)Figure1.DistributionofvalueforiPhone,2010Figure2.DistributionofvalueforiPadTheEnd&ThankYou!9、静夜夜四无无邻，，荒居居旧业业贫。。。12月月-2212月月-22Saturday,December24,202210、雨中中黄叶叶树，，灯下下白头头人。。。01:11:2001:11:2001:1112/24/20221:11:20AM11、以我独沈沈久，愧君君相见频。。。12月-2201:11:2001:11Dec-2224-Dec-2212、故人江海海别，几度度隔山川。。。01:11:2001:11:2001:11Saturday,December24,202213、乍见翻翻疑梦，，相悲各各问年。。。12月-2212月-2201:11:2001:11:20December24,202214、他乡生生白发，，旧国见见青山。。。24十十二月20221:11:20上午午01:11:2012月-2215、比不了得就就不比，得不不到的就不要要。。。十二月221:11上上午12月-2201:11December24,202216、行动出成果果，工作出财财富。。2022/12/241:11:2001:11:2024December202217、做前，能能够环视四四周；做时时，你只能能或者最好好沿着以脚脚为起点的的射线向前前。。1:11:20上上午1:11上上午01:11:2012月-229、没有失败败，只有暂暂时停止成成功！。12月-2212月-22Saturday,December24,202210、很很多多事事情情努努力力了了未未必必有有结结果果，，但但是是不不努努力力却却什什么么改改变变也也没没有有。。。。01:11:2001:11:2001:1112/24/20221:11:20AM11、成成功功就就是是日日复复一一日日那那一一点点点点小小小小努努力力的的积积累累。。。。12月月-2201:11:2001:11Dec-2224-Dec-2212、世间间成事事，不不求其其绝对对圆满满，留留一份份不足足，可可得无无限完完美。。。01:11:2001:11:2001:11Saturday,December24,202213、不知知香积积寺，，数里里入云云峰。。。12月月-2212月月-2201:11:2001:11:20December24,202214、意志坚坚强的人人能把世世界放在在手中像像泥块一一样任意意揉捏。。24十十二月20221:11:20上午午01:11:2012月-2215、楚塞三湘接接，荆门九派派通。。。十二月221: