牛津上海版八年级第一学期8A首字母填空专题专项讲解及练习教案

首字母专题Ⅰ.专题知识梳理首字母填空题答题时要求既要使所填的词在语法和语义上正确，又要使其符合短文内容与情景的需要，所给出的词首字母同时起着提示和限制的作用。它不只观察学生在词汇、语法等方面的基础知识，还观察理解、推导、分析等综合能力。观察要点是名词、动词、形容词、副词和连词、代词、介词这几大词类。一、能力观察词汇量与详细运用能力（基础）句子构造分析能力（确立词性和词形）语义、语境分析能力（确立词义）逻辑推测能力（确立词义）前后文要点信息提取能力（更加正确确立词义）二、解题思路词性的判断（句法构造、词性的句法功能）词义的判断（句意理解）脑海中搜寻符合有关条件的考纲词汇复查（名词单复数、动词时态三单、形容词副词形式级别、固定搭配与文意等）Ⅰ.专题精讲【事例分析】Fillintheblankswithproperwords(在短文的空格内填入适合的词，使其内容畅达，每空格限填一词，首字母已给）（14分）It’sacommonschooldayatSouthernCrossSchoolnearthefamousKrugerNationalParkinSouthAfrica.Teachersandpupilsdon’tsitinaclassroom81,they.Igothroughtheforestorsitunderthetrees.Theschoolteachesstudentsallthesames82astherestofthecountry’sschools,buttheteachingmethodsarecompletelydifferent.SouthernCrossusesnatureasateachingtool.Theteachersandtheirpupilsgooutintonatureandworkwithanimalsandplants.Thesecanbeusedtostudya83frommathsandsocialsciencestolanguages.Theschoolisinanareawhereanimalslivewildandcanbehunted.Togettoclass,studentstravelaroadthroughtheforestthatwildanimalsuseaswell.Theclassroomforsmallpreschoolersisalittledifferentfromtherestoftheschool.Forexample,thefirstlessonofthedayismaths,buttheteachingmethodisverys84.Inthisschoolyouwon’thearateachersaying“CounthowmanyapplesJanehasinherbasket.”thechildrenvisitanearbyrivertocountthenumberofmarksleftbyanimals.Thiswaytheycanseehowmanydifferentanimalscometod85duringthenight.Thestudentsareencouragedtotakecareoftheinjuredandsmallanimals.Iftheyfindadeadanimalinthearea,theystudywheretheanimalfitsinthefootchainandhowandwhyitd86.Theheadmastersays,“Wemustmakepeopleunderstandwhatwearedoingtothee87.Weneedtocareforourplanet.”【分析】Keys:81-87Instead;subjects;anything;special;drink;died;earth/environment名词动词形容词副词代词22111精讲：81.判断空格词性为副词，再依据前文没有坐在教室以及后文的穿过深林或是坐在树下，可知填instead82.判断空格为名词，依据理解可知填学科，注意复数，subjects83.判断空格为名词或代词，依据后文frommathsandsocialsciencestolanguages可知填anything84.判断空格为形容词，依据but以及后文的表述,填special85.判断空格为动词原形或许名词，动词原形的可能性更大，再联合前文的river,填drink86.判断空格为动词，且为不及物动词、过去式，依据前文adeadanimal可知填died87.判断空格为名词，联合前后文出现的nature、planet，能够填earth或是environment都能够Ⅲ.学法提炼通读全文，认识粗心判断空格填何种词性，是名词，是动词，是形容词，仍是副词等。依据上下文、句意填出适合的词；判断词的形式。（名词的单复数，动词的形式、时态语态，形容词、副词的形式、级别等）复读全文，全面检查：依据文章的内容、上下文的语法构造、逻辑发展进行频频商酌讲堂练习(1)Fillintheblankswithproperwords(在短文的空格内填入适合的词，使其内容畅达，每空格限填一词，首字母已给）AschoolnewspaperTheTeensaskedoveronethousandteenagershowtheyspenttheirsparetime.Heretheyreportther1ofthesurvey.It’notsatallsurprisingtolearnthatmostteenssaidtheywantedmorefreetime.Mosthavelessthananhouradayforafter-schoolactivities.2activitywaspopularamongbothgirlsandboys,averagingbetweenthreetosixhoursaweek.Favouritesportsamonggirlsweretennis,basketballandswimming.Boyssaidtheylikedfootball,basketballandskating.Speakingofentertainment,musicandTVwerepopular.Abouthalfofthosesurveyedsaidthatmusicwastheirfavouriteactivity.Thisi3bothlisteningtoandplayingmusic.TVwasalsoverypopular.ThreequarterssaidtheypreferredwatchingTVtoreadingabookormagazine.Unexpectedly,asmanyasthreeoutoftenteenagersmentionedthatcollectingthingswassomethingtheylikedtodointheirsparetime.Theyhadv4collectionsfromcartoonbooksandbaseballcardstostickers,toysandcoins.V5friendswasalsopopular.Eightoutoftenteenagerssaidtheymetfriendsonceaweek.NineoutoftensaidtheycontactedfriendsthroughtheInternet.A6popularwayofcontactingfriendswasthetelephone.Everyonewesurveyedsaidtheyspoketofriendseveryday.Mostsaidtheyspokeabouttwentyminutesaday.Surprisingly,teenagerss7wentdancing,especiallygirls.Onlyoneoutoftensaidtheywenttothedanceregularly.(2)Fillintheblankswithproperwords(在短文的空格内填入适合的词，使其内容畅达，每空格限填一词，首字母已给）Nowadays,moreandmorepeoplecannotsleepverywell.Theyhavet___1__infallingasleep.Thefollowingareusefultips.1.Makesurethebedroomisd___2__andquiet.Alltoooften,peoplekeeptheTVsetonastheysleep.Orthereisalightonsomewherethatcancausedistraction（搅乱）．Makesureallelectronicproductsincludingcomputers,TVsetsandradiosarcoffbeforetryingtosleep.2.Avoid（防范）somekindsoffoodsFoodsincludecaffeine,alcohol,andMSG,canaffect（影响）differentpeopleindifferentways.Itisbesttoavoidthesefoodsandchemicals.Evenacupofcoffeefirstthinginthemorningcanp___3__sleepatnightforsomepeoplethatareoverlysensitivetocaffeine.3.Don'teatclosetobedtimeWaitatleastthreetofourhoursaftereatingtogotobed,especiallywhenyoudon'thaveastrongstomachorareinpoorhealth.Thisa____4____thebodytorelaxsinceitisn'tdoinganywork.Somelightmusic,playeds___5________,canhelpputoneinthecalmingstateofmindwhenjustlyingdowntosleep.ThesleepCDswouldpossiblybethebestc___6___.AndthegoodthingabouttheCDsisthattheycanbeusedoverandoveragainandasyougetusedtothem，theywillworkmoreefficientlyasthesoundswillmakeyoufeelsleepyfaster.5.TakearelaxingbathThisisoneoftheoldestm___7____,butitworks.Addingbathsaltscanhelpaswellasaddinganessentialoiltothewater.Remembertojustrelaxinthebath,notexhaustyourselfandfallasleepinthetub.(3)Fillintheblankswithproperwords(在短文的空格内填入适合的词，使其内容畅达，每空格限填一词，首字母已给）Doyouwanttoliveanother100yearsormore?Someexpertssaythatscientificadvanceswillonedaye____1____humanstolasttensofyearsbeyondwhatisnowseenasthenaturallimitofthehumanlifespan."Ithinkweareknockingatthedoorofimmortality(长生),"saidMichaelZey,aMontclairStateUniversitybusinessprofessorandauthoroftwobooksonthefuture."Ithinkby2075wewillseeitandthat'saconservativeestimate(守旧的预计)."AttheconferenceinSanFrancisco,DonaldLouria,aprofessoratNewJerseyMedicalSchoolinNewarksaidadvancesinusinggenesaswellasnanotechnology(纳米技术)makeitl____2____thathumanswillliveinthefuturebeyondwhathasbeenpossibleinthepast."ThereisagreatpushsothatpeoplecanlivefromI20to180years,"hesaid."Somehavesuggestedthatthereisnolimitandthatpeoplecouldliveto200or300or500years."H____3____,manyscientistswhospecializeinageingaredoubtfulaboutitandsaythehumanbodyisjustnotdesignedtolastpastabout120years.Evenwithh____4____lifestylesandlessdisease,theysayf____5____ofthebrainandorganswillfinallyleadallhumanstodeath.Scientistsalsodifferonwhatkindoflifethesuperagedmightlive."Itremainstobeseenifyoupass120,youknow;couldyoubehealthyenoughtohavegoodqualityoflife?"saidLeonardPoon,directoroftheUniversityofGeorgiaGerontologyCentre."Atp____6____peoplewhocouldgettothatpointarenotingoodhealthatall."Asweallknow,healthismoreimportantthanwealth.Everyonewantstokeephealthy.Itisn____7____forustohaveahealthylifestyle.Soweshoulddomoreexercise.Weshouldsleepfor8hourseverynight.Agoodsleepcankeepusactiveduringthedaytime.Weshouldeatalotoffruitsandvegetables.Eatingthemisgoodforourhealth.Soyousee,Ifwetakegoodcareofourhealth,ourhealthylifestylehelpsusgetgoodgrades.Ihopethatallpeoplecanhaveahealthylifestyleandliveatleast120years.(4)Fillintheblankswithproperwords(在短文的空格内填入适合的词，使其内容畅达，每空格限填一词，首字母已给）Doyougetangrywhenyourfriendssingloudlywhileyouaretryingtowork,orwhenyourbestfrienddoesnotwaitforyouafterschool?Ifyoudo,youneedtotakecontrol(控制)ofyourfeelingsandstopgettingangry.Gettingangrywithpeoplecancauseyoutol__1____friends.CaryEgeberg,anAmericanhighschoolteacher,haswrittenMyFeelingsAreJustLikeWildAnimalstohelpcontrolfeelings.Ittellsteenagershowtostaycoolwhenb__2__thingshappentothem.Thebooksaysthatgettingangryonlymakesproblemsw__3___.Itcannevermakethembetter.“Gettingangryisnotanaturalwaytoact,”thebooksays习.It惯is)likejustabadhabit(smoking.Thebooksaysyoucancontrolyouangere___4___--allyouhavetodoistotellyourselfnottobeangry.Thebookgivesmanytipstohelpyouifyougetangryeasily.Herearethetopthree:Keepar__5___.Everytimeyougetangry,writedownwhyyouareangry.Lookatitlaterandyouwillseeyougetangrytooeasily.Askyourfriendstos_6_____talkingtoyouwhenyougetangry.Thiswillmakeyounotangry.Dosomethingd___7_____.Whenyougetangry,walkawayfromtheproblemandgosomewhereelse.Trytolaugh!课后作业Therearemanywildanimalslivingin______________(African)Peopledidn’usetpapermoneyuntilthe15thcenturyin________________countries.(Europe)Thedoglooks________________andisbarking________________________.(fierce)Nowadaysmanypeople___________________theirownblogsontheInternet.(creation)WaltDisneywasthe______________________oftheDisneyamusementPark.(creation)Who________________thesteamenginewasagreat______________________.(invent)Fromthefootprintswecanknowthe_____________________ofthedinosaurs.(exist)Thiswashingmachineis_________________(harm)toallsortsoffabric.(织物)Beforewestudythebacterium,(细菌)wearenotsurewhetheritis______________ornot.(harm)Speciesmustchangeastheenvironmentchanges,ortheywill_______________out.(dying)11.Einsteinwasoneofthemost_____________(creation)______________(think)ofthe20thcentury.Thatcher(撒切尔)wasapolitical_________________andusedto____________sharply.(think)Nikewasagoddessfrom________________,whoranandflewveryfast.(Greek)Childrenalwaysliketogoto______________________parks.(amuse)15.Itwasagoodstory,butIdon’tlikesomeofthe__________________.(characteristic)Thingsin_______________lifearenotalwayslikestoriesinmovie.(reality)The______________reasonmademe_________________worried.(reality)18.Smokingdoesserious_________________topeople’shealth.(harmless)Whathesaidwas___________________,becausehealwaystoldlies.(believe)Howmanypeople______________ofseasonalinfluenzaevery?(death)The_______________onthecarcost2,000yuan.(repair)Themuseumwillbeclosedduring________________________.(repair)MycomputerisoutofworkandIneedtohaveit____________________.(repair)Wefeltreallysorrywhenweheardthateverybodydiedintheaircrash,exceptthe________________(navigate)25.Ifyoutakeacompasswithyou,youwon’tget________________intheforest.(lose)Sheoften___________herwayduringherfirstvisitinLosAngeles.(lose)==Shewasoften____________duringherfirstdaysinLosAngeles.(lose)Thedeepoceansarestillthemost___________________placesonearth.(explore)SomepartsoftheAntarctichaveremained_________________________(explore).Ourschoolbuildingis11___________________high.Westudyonthefourth_______________.(storey)Asthefinalexamis_______________,weshouldprepareforit.(approach)Therearealotof__________________tothecity.(approach)Itwas________________thathetriedtopleasehiswife.==___________hetriedtopleasehiswife.(clear)Itwas______________impossibleforustocompletethetaskinsuchashorttime.(clear)______________ofyouranswerisright.==Youransweris_______________right.(part)__________________canbefoundedmostlyinAustralia.(Kangaroo)Thenoisebecamea_____________asweapproachedthefalls瀑布.(roar)Thefootballcrowd____________________forawonderfulgoal.(roar)Somedinosaursprobablylived_____________(peace).Theyhopetosolvetheproblemin______________________.(peace)Thanksforhelpingme.Ioweyoua____________________.(favourite)Theghoststory___________________thechildren.(fright)Thelightningwas____________________andgavehima_________________(fright).The___________________robber__________________thebankclerk.(fright)Susanisasecretaryandshe__________________veryfast.(type)Therearemanydifferent____________________foryoutochoose.(type)Therubberball___________________fromtheground.(spring)Don’tjumponthesofa,youwilldamagedthe__________________(spring).The____________killedaladyonthepavementlastnight.(kill)Wemuststop_________________wildanimals.(kill)He_____________________downtohavearest.(lie)Wealwaysfeel_______________inclassinsummer,somestudentsevenfall____________inclass.(sleep)Whenwegocamping,wewillusea____________________bagatnight.（sleep）53.BarackObama,thefirstAmericanblackpresident,_______________theworldattention’s.(attractive)Modelsalwayswear____________________clothes.(attract)Thesudden______________oftheelectricitymadeusfrightened.(interrupt)Hefelt____________andranoutofthehouseasfastashecouldwhenheheardthefirealarm.(panic)Whenearthquakehappened,people_____________________.(panic)IntheAmericanCivilWar,theslavesfoughtfirtheir__________________.(free)Lookatthebirds,theyareflying__________________(free)inthesky.60.Ifyouwritethebeststoryaboutdinosaurs,youHongKong.(free)

’llwina____________triptoDisneylandinThebirdwantedtobe___________andflyinthesky,soitescapedfromthecagefor___________.(free)Thesign“______________”meanswemustkeep_________________.(silent)Shelefthome__________________earlynextmorning.(silent)Atruckwentoutofcontroland_________________intothebackofabus.(crash)Thecauseoftheplane_________________isstillunknown.(crash)Hemadea__________________togoforaholidayinHainan.(decide)Pleaseletmehaveyour__________________assoonaspossible.(decide)68.Alltheflowerswillbe________________ifyoudon’twaterthem.(finish)69.Youwillbe_______________forifyoudon’tfinishyourhomework.(do)70.“Where’sthesalad?”“It’sall_______________.”(go)Thepolicemanshotthegunintotheairto_____________________thethief.(fright)There’ssomuch_______________intherestaurant.Icanhardlyhearyoutalking.(noisy)Everybodyknowsamagnet________________steel.(attraction)It’sveryimportantforeverybodytoknowaboutroad_________________.(safe)Therewerethree_____________alienslyingbythesideifthespaceship.(die)TheTVserieswasso________________thatIstayeduptillmidnight.(attract)77.Fortunately,theplanelanded________________inthecity（safe’）sairport.78.Thewaterintheriverrosetwo________________.(foot)BillGateisa____________________businessman.(succeed)He________________meyesterdaywhenarobberwantedtokillme.(safe)Theteacherasksustoreadthetext__________________(loud)Plasticbagspollutetheenvironmentandtheywillnot______________foraverylongtime.(appear)TheIndians_________________zero.(invention)Ourcountryisbecomingmoreandmore_______________theseyears.(power)Thegirlisso______________thateveryoneinherclasslikesher.(attract)Finally,wereachedthe_____________oftheriver.(safe)Afterrunning,herfacegoteven_________________.(red)We______________withthewaiteraboutthepriceofthemeal.(argument)89.I’msorry,Ican’ttellyouthe_______________.It’sasecret.(true)Herapartmentisonthe___________________floorthattallbuilding.(twenty)Making_________________withthealiensispossibleinthefuture.(friend)Thepolicearetryingtheirbesttofindthe__________________boys.(lose)Howmuchdoyouknowaboutthedailylifeinancient______________?(Greek)Someanimalsare________________.Theyareourgoodfriends.(harm)95.DoyouknowanythingaboutDiogenes,afamousGreek__________________?(think)Thoughhehadbeen_____________formanyyears,westillrememberhim.(die)Thetownis_______________foritshotspring.（温泉）（fame)Iranmuch_______