词性转换构词法课件

第三讲词性转换(构词法)第三讲词性转换(构词法)[思维导图][思维导图]一、动词、形容词转化为名词的规律1.动词变名词的后缀后缀例词-ion/-tion/-sion/-ationcorrect→correction改正celebrate→celebration庆祝；庆祝会attract→attraction吸引conclude→conclusion结论；结束discuss→discussion讨论；辩论decide→decision决定一、动词、形容词转化为名词的规律后缀例词-ion/-tion-ion/-tion/-sion/-ationadmit→admission接纳；准许入学invite→invitation邀请explain→explanation解释graduate→graduation毕业expect→expectation期望-er/-ordrive→driver司机；驾驶员gather→gatherer收集者；采集者teach→teacher老师announce→announcer广播员conduct→conductor指挥；售票员-ion/-tion/admit→admission接纳-mentpunish→punishment

惩罚achieve→achievement功绩；成就argue→argument辩论；论据treat→treatment对待；治疗equip→equipment装备；设备govern→government政府-mentpunish→punishment惩罚-ance/-enceappear→appearance出现；外貌guide→guidance指引；指导perform→performance表演；节目exist→existence存在；生存prefer→preference偏爱refer→reference参考；查阅-inghear→hearing听力；听觉begin→beginning开始-ance/appear→appearance出现；外貌--ure/-turefail→failure失败；倒闭press→pressure压力depart→departure离开；出发mix→mixture混合；混合物-yrecover→recovery恢复；痊愈discover→discovery发现其他choose→choice选择vary→variety多样化；种类tend→tendency趋向；趋势-ure/-turefail→failure失败；倒闭-y2.形容词变名词的后缀后缀例词-ageshort→shortage不足；短缺-cyefficient→efficiency效率；功效fluent→fluency流利；流畅accurate→accuracy准确性private→privacy隐私；私密2.形容词变名词的后缀后缀例词-ageshort→short-domfree→freedom自由；自主wise→wisdom明智；智慧-encedifferent→difference差异silent→silence沉默-nessweak→weakness虚弱；弱点kind→kindness仁慈；好意careless→carelessness粗心大意-thstrong→strength

力气；强项warm→warmth温暖；热情-domfree→freedom自由；自主-encedi-y/-ty/-ityhonest→honesty诚实difficult→difficulty困难cruel→cruelty残酷；残暴safe→safety安全disable→disability无能；伤残responsible→responsibility责任-y/-ty/-ityhonest→honesty诚实二、名词、动词转化为形容词的规律后缀例词-ableaccept→acceptable

可接受的comfort→comfortable舒适的fashion→fashionable时髦的suit→suitable合适的reason→reasonable有道理的；合理的二、名词、动词转化为形容词的规律后缀例词-ableaccep-almusic→musical音乐的origin→original最初的person→personal个人的；私人的center→central中央的；中心的nature→natural自然的；天生的-fuldoubt→doubtful怀疑的forget→forgetful健忘的harm→harmful有害的hope→hopeful有希望的peace→peaceful和平的-almusic→musical音乐的-fuldoubt→-edscare→scared感到恐惧的confuse→confused感到困惑的underline→underlined下划线的-ingsurprise→surprising令人惊异的convince→convincing令人信服的satisfy→satisfying令人满意的-ibleaccess→accessible容易取得的horror→horrible可怕的；恐怖的terror→terrible可怕的-edscare→scared感到恐惧的-ingsurp-iveact→active积极的；活跃的effect→effective有效的；生效的attract→attractive有吸引力的impress→impressive给人深刻印象的-ouscontinue→continuous不断的；持续的anxiety→anxious忧虑的caution→cautious十分小心的；谨慎的curiosity→curious好奇的humor→humorous幽默的-iveact→active积极的；活跃的-ouscon-sometire→tiresome令人厌倦的trouble→troublesome麻烦的-ytaste→tasty美味的；可口的health→healthy健康的wealth→wealthy富裕的；丰富的-erneast→eastern东方的；向东的-sometire→tiresome令人厌倦的-ytast-ishchild→childish孩子气的fool→foolish愚蠢的；可笑的self→selfish自私的-icscience→scientific科学的energy→energetic精力充沛的[名师指津]

-ed形容词多表示主语所处的状态，意为“感到……的”，通常修饰人；-ing形容词多表示主语所具有的特征，意为“令人……的”，通常修饰物或事。-ishchild→childish孩子气的-icscie三、形容词转化为副词的规律类别例词直接加-lyclear→clearly清楚地great→greatly很，大大地以辅音字母＋y结尾的形容词，变y为i再加-lyhappy→happily高兴地heavy→heavily沉重地词尾为ble/le的形容词，去掉e，再加-yterrible→terribly可怕地gentle→gently轻轻地

三、形容词转化为副词的规律类别例词直接加-lyclear→c词尾为ue的形容词，去掉e再加-lytrue→truly

真实地词尾为ll的形容词，直接加-yfull→fully充分地dull→dully迟钝地词尾为-ic的形容词，加-allybasic→basically主要地scientific→scientifically合乎科学地词尾为ue的形容词，去掉e再加true→truly真实地厘清两种情况，突破词性转换1.名词在句中作宾语，被冠词或形容词或形容词性物主代词所修饰

[例1]Sheisdeterminedtocarryonwithher________(educate)．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)[分析]education

[前面有形容词性物主代词her，此处应该使用动词educate的名词形式education作宾语。]从句法功用上看，厘清“修饰与被修饰”厘清两种情况，突破词性转换1.名词在句中作宾语，被冠词或形容[例2]SomepeoplethinkthatthegreatChinesescholarConfucius，wholivedfromroughly551to479B．C.，influencedthe________(develop)ofchopsticks.(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)[分析]development

[根据空前面的the和空后面的of可知，此处需要名词。][例2]Somepeoplethinkthatth2.形容词在句中作定语，常放在名词之前[例3]ItwasareliefandIcametoa________(sudden)stopjustinthemiddleoftheroad.(2017·全国卷Ⅰ改编)[分析]sudden

[此处需要用形容词修饰后面的名词stop，表示“突然的停止”。]2.形容词在句中作定语，常放在名词之前[例3]Itwas3.形容词在句中作表语，常放在be，get，become，remain等系动词后[例4]Atonetime，Ievenfeltmyparentscouldn’tunderstandmesoIhopedIcouldbe________(free)fromthem.(2016·全国卷Ⅲ改编)[分析]free

[此处需要用形容词作表语。befreefromthem“摆脱他们”。]3.形容词在句中作表语，常放在be，get，become，r4.形容词在句中作宾语补足语，之前常有使役动词、感官动词或介词with加名词或代词[例5]AsIwalked，Ilookedup，tryingtorealizewhatmadethisdayso________(beauty)．[分析]beautiful

[使役动词make之后跟复合宾语，用形容词作宾语补足语。]4.形容词在句中作宾语补足语，之前常有使役动词、感官动词或介5.副词在句中修饰动词[例6]Thetitlewillbe________(official)giventomeataceremonyinLondon.(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)[分析]officially

[此处表示(大使)这个头衔将在伦敦的一个仪式上正式授予给我。分析句子结构可知，应该使用副词officially作状语修饰动词given。]6.副词在句中修饰形容词或其他副词[例7]DadandIwere________(terrible)worried.(全国卷Ⅱ改编)[分析]terribly

[此处应用副词terribly修饰形容词worried。]5.副词在句中修饰动词[例6]Thetitlewill7.副词用在句首，修饰整个句子，表示状态、原因等[例8]________(lucky)，healsohadacowwhichproducedmilkeveryday.(广东高考)[分析]Luckily

[此处为副词用于句首，表示状态。]7.副词用在句首，修饰整个句子，表示状态、原因等[例8]_8.要特别注意有使役用法的动词的分词形式用作形容词时的区别。如amazed常修饰人的内心感受，表示“吃惊的”；amazing常修饰事物，表示“令人吃惊的”。[例9]Thereweremanypeoplewaitingatthebusstop，andsomeofthemlookedveryanxiousand________(disappoint)．(新课标全国卷Ⅱ)[分析]disappointed

[disappointed和前面的anxious并列，表示人的内心活动，应使用-ed形式的形容词，此处表示“他们中有些人看起来既焦虑又失望”。]8.要特别注意有使役用法的动词的分词形式用作形容词时的区别。词形变化是重点，注意特殊形式和变化特点：以-e结尾加-ly，切记true需把-e去；-ble，-ple都是去-e把-y加。另外需注意形副同形词。[例10]Instead，hehopesthathisbusinesswillgrow________(steady)．(2016·全国卷Ⅰ改编)[分析]steadily

[谓语动词grow是不及物动词，意为“增长，增强”，此处应该使用副词steadily作状语修饰grow。growsteadily意为“稳定地增长”。]词形变化是重点，注意特殊形式和变化特点：以-e结尾加-ly，[例11]Recentstudiesshowthatwearefarmoreproductiveatworkifwetakeshortbreaks________(regular)．(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)[分析]regularly

[此处需要用副词修饰谓语动词短语“takeshortbreaks”。][例12]Myuncles________(immediate)jumpedupandshottheirarrowsatthebird.(陕西高考改编)[分析]immediately

[此处修饰“jumpedup”，故应用副词形式。][例11]Recentstudiesshowthat第三讲-词性转换构词法课件第三讲词性转换(构词法)第三讲词性转换(构词法)[思维导图][思维导图]一、动词、形容词转化为名词的规律1.动词变名词的后缀后缀例词-ion/-tion/-sion/-ationcorrect→correction改正celebrate→celebration庆祝；庆祝会attract→attraction吸引conclude→conclusion结论；结束discuss→discussion讨论；辩论decide→decision决定一、动词、形容词转化为名词的规律后缀例词-ion/-tion-ion/-tion/-sion/-ationadmit→admission接纳；准许入学invite→invitation邀请explain→explanation解释graduate→graduation毕业expect→expectation期望-er/-ordrive→driver司机；驾驶员gather→gatherer收集者；采集者teach→teacher老师announce→announcer广播员conduct→conductor指挥；售票员-ion/-tion/admit→admission接纳-mentpunish→punishment

惩罚achieve→achievement功绩；成就argue→argument辩论；论据treat→treatment对待；治疗equip→equipment装备；设备govern→government政府-mentpunish→punishment惩罚-ance/-enceappear→appearance出现；外貌guide→guidance指引；指导perform→performance表演；节目exist→existence存在；生存prefer→preference偏爱refer→reference参考；查阅-inghear→hearing听力；听觉begin→beginning开始-ance/appear→appearance出现；外貌--ure/-turefail→failure失败；倒闭press→pressure压力depart→departure离开；出发mix→mixture混合；混合物-yrecover→recovery恢复；痊愈discover→discovery发现其他choose→choice选择vary→variety多样化；种类tend→tendency趋向；趋势-ure/-turefail→failure失败；倒闭-y2.形容词变名词的后缀后缀例词-ageshort→shortage不足；短缺-cyefficient→efficiency效率；功效fluent→fluency流利；流畅accurate→accuracy准确性private→privacy隐私；私密2.形容词变名词的后缀后缀例词-ageshort→short-domfree→freedom自由；自主wise→wisdom明智；智慧-encedifferent→difference差异silent→silence沉默-nessweak→weakness虚弱；弱点kind→kindness仁慈；好意careless→carelessness粗心大意-thstrong→strength

力气；强项warm→warmth温暖；热情-domfree→freedom自由；自主-encedi-y/-ty/-ityhonest→honesty诚实difficult→difficulty困难cruel→cruelty残酷；残暴safe→safety安全disable→disability无能；伤残responsible→responsibility责任-y/-ty/-ityhonest→honesty诚实二、名词、动词转化为形容词的规律后缀例词-ableaccept→acceptable

可接受的comfort→comfortable舒适的fashion→fashionable时髦的suit→suitable合适的reason→reasonable有道理的；合理的二、名词、动词转化为形容词的规律后缀例词-ableaccep-almusic→musical音乐的origin→original最初的person→personal个人的；私人的center→central中央的；中心的nature→natural自然的；天生的-fuldoubt→doubtful怀疑的forget→forgetful健忘的harm→harmful有害的hope→hopeful有希望的peace→peaceful和平的-almusic→musical音乐的-fuldoubt→-edscare→scared感到恐惧的confuse→confused感到困惑的underline→underlined下划线的-ingsurprise→surprising令人惊异的convince→convincing令人信服的satisfy→satisfying令人满意的-ibleaccess→accessible容易取得的horror→horrible可怕的；恐怖的terror→terrible可怕的-edscare→scared感到恐惧的-ingsurp-iveact→active积极的；活跃的effect→effective有效的；生效的attract→attractive有吸引力的impress→impressive给人深刻印象的-ouscontinue→continuous不断的；持续的anxiety→anxious忧虑的caution→cautious十分小心的；谨慎的curiosity→curious好奇的humor→humorous幽默的-iveact→active积极的；活跃的-ouscon-sometire→tiresome令人厌倦的trouble→troublesome麻烦的-ytaste→tasty美味的；可口的health→healthy健康的wealth→wealthy富裕的；丰富的-erneast→eastern东方的；向东的-sometire→tiresome令人厌倦的-ytast-ishchild→childish孩子气的fool→foolish愚蠢的；可笑的self→selfish自私的-icscience→scientific科学的energy→energetic精力充沛的[名师指津]

-ed形容词多表示主语所处的状态，意为“感到……的”，通常修饰人；-ing形容词多表示主语所具有的特征，意为“令人……的”，通常修饰物或事。-ishchild→childish孩子气的-icscie三、形容词转化为副词的规律类别例词直接加-lyclear→clearly清楚地great→greatly很，大大地以辅音字母＋y结尾的形容词，变y为i再加-lyhappy→happily高兴地heavy→heavily沉重地词尾为ble/le的形容词，去掉e，再加-yterrible→terribly可怕地gentle→gently轻轻地

三、形容词转化为副词的规律类别例词直接加-lyclear→c词尾为ue的形容词，去掉e再加-lytrue→truly

真实地词尾为ll的形容词，直接加-yfull→fully充分地dull→dully迟钝地词尾为-ic的形容词，加-allybasic→basically主要地scientific→scientifically合乎科学地词尾为ue的形容词，去掉e再加true→truly真实地厘清两种情况，突破词性转换1.名词在句中作宾语，被冠词或形容词或形容词性物主代词所修饰

[例1]Sheisdeterminedtocarryonwithher________(educate)．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)[分析]education

[前面有形容词性物主代词her，此处应该使用动词educate的名词形式education作宾语。]从句法功用上看，厘清“修饰与被修饰”厘清两种情况，突破词性转换1.名词在句中作宾语，被冠词或形容[例2]SomepeoplethinkthatthegreatChinesescholarConfucius，wholivedfromroughly551to479B．C.，influencedthe________(develop)ofchopsticks.(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)[分析]development

[根据空前面的the和空后面的of可知，此处需要名词。][例2]Somepeoplethinkthatth2.形容词在句中作定语，常放在名词之前[例3]ItwasareliefandIcametoa________(sudden)stopjustinthemiddleoftheroad.(2017·全国卷Ⅰ改编)[分析]sudden

[此处需要用形容词修饰后面的名词stop，表示“突然的停止”。]2.形容词在句中作定语，常放在名词之前[例3]Itwas3.形容词在句中作表语，常放在be，get，become，remain等系动词后[例4]Atonetime，Ievenfeltmyparentscouldn’tunderstandmesoIhopedIcouldbe________(free)fromthem.(2016·全国卷Ⅲ改编)[分析]free

[此处需要用形容词作表语。befreefromthem“摆脱他们”。]3.形容词在句中作表语，常放在be，get，become，r4.形容词在句中作宾语补足语，之前常有使役动词、感官动词或介词with加名词或代词[例5]AsIwalked，Ilookedup，tryingtorealizewhatmadethisdayso________(beauty)．[分析]beautiful

[使役动词make之后跟复合宾语，用形容词作宾语补足语。]4.形容词在句中作宾语补足语，之前常有使役动词、感官动词或介5.副词在句中修饰动词[例6]Thetitlewillbe________(official)giventomeataceremonyinLondon.(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)[分析]officially

[此处表示(大使)这个头衔将在伦敦的一个仪式上正式授予给我。分析句子结构可知，应该使用副词officially作状语修饰动词given。]6.副词在句中修饰形容词或其他副词[例7]DadandIwere________(terrible