期老龚阅读预测-0123课件

雅思我预测老龚私 我预测老龚开通个人预测 “ieltsgong”。 安卓apps提

配套纸质版（印刷雅思预测题库书籍（适合实力+做题练习 阅 必考补丁#（书籍没有收录 内容 阅读网络班学员如何 系统 打卡：将作业或练习用 或的形式@雅思阅读GonG向老31-631-631-631-631-631-631-6

重点词30-3AncientChinese30-330-330-330-330-330-330-3

重点词27-3CommunicationCommunicationin scientificdevelopmentsmoreimportantthanever.Yetsuchcommunicationisfraughtwithchallengesthatcaneasilydistortdiscussions,leadingtounnecessaryconfusionandmisunderstandings.27-327-3CAmbiguouswordchoicesarethesourceofsomemisunderstandings.Scientistsoftenemploycolloquialterminology,whichtheythenassignaspecificmeaningthatisimpossibletofathom(彻底理解)withoutpropertraining.Theterm"relativity,"forexample,isintrinsicallymisleading.Manyinterpretthetheorytomeanthateverythingisrelativeandtherearenoabsolutes.Yetalthoughthemeasurementsanyobservermakesdependonhiscoordinatesandreferenceframe,thephysicalphenomenahemeasureshaveaninvariantdescriptionthattranscendsthatobserver'sparticularcoordinates.Einstein'stheoryofrelativityisreallyaboutfindinganinvariantdescriptionofphysicalphenomena.True,Einsteinagreedwiththeideathathistheorywouldhavebeenbetternamed"Invariantentheorie."(【德】,不变理论)Buttheterm"relativity"wasalreadyentrenchedatthetimeforhimto27-3D"Theuncertaintyprinciple"isanotherfrequentlyabusedterm.Itissometimesinterpretedasalimitationonobserversandtheirabilitytomakemeasurements.EButitisnotaboutintrinsiclimitationsonanyoneparticularmeasurement;itisabouttheinabilitytopreciselymeasureparticularpairsof tiessimultaneously?Thefirstinterpretationisperhapsmoreengagingfromaphilosophicalorpolitical .It'sjustnotwhatthescienceisabout.27-3FEventheword"theory"canbeaproblem.Unlikemostpeople,whousethewordtodescribeapassingconjecturethattheyoftenregard,physicistshaveveryspecificideasinmindwhentheytalkabouttheories.Forphysicists,theoriesentailadefinitephysicalframeworkembodiedinasetoffundamentalassumptionsabouttheworldthatleadtoaspecificsetofequationsandpredictions—onesthatareborneoutbysuccessfulpredictions.Theoriesaren'tnecessarilyshowntobecorrectorcompleteimmediay.EvenEinsteintookthebetterpartofadecadetodevelopthecorrectversionofhistheoryofgeneralrelativity.Buteventuallyboththeideasandthemeasurementssettledownandtheoriesareeitherprovencorrect,abandonedorabsorbedintoother,more passingtheories.27-3G"Globalwarming"isanotherexampleofproblematicterminology.Climatologists()predictfluctuationsintemperatureandrainfall—notnecessarilythateveryplacewillbewarmer.Thenamesometimessubvertsthedebate,sinceitletspeoplearguethattheirwinterwasworse,sohowcouldtherebeglobalwarming?Clearly"globalclimatechange"wouldhavebeenabettername.Butnotallproblemsstemsolelyfrompoorwordchoices.Somestemfromtheintrinsicallycomplexnatureofmuchofmodernscience.Sciencesometimestranscendsthislimitation:remarkably,chemistswereabletodetailtheprecisechemicalprocessesinvolvedinthedestr