毕业论文-山西下合煤业有限公司矿井采区设计

m3的移动储水箱中，注水泵从水箱中吸水加压向煤层注水。二、预防井下火灾的措施①加强电气设备管理，严禁明火作业，防止外源火灾发生。②井下设消防洒水系统。③及时清除易燃物品，严禁坑木等易燃物品杂乱无章堆放。④清扫浮煤，及时封闭采空区，废弃巷道避免风流通过。⑤井下人员按规定配备自救器。⑥井下设有消防材料库，并有足够的消防材料，消防材料库设备明细见表。⑦井下使用阻燃胶带、风筒和不延燃电缆。⑧胶带输送机巷安设自动报警灭火装置。井下消防材料库备用品表第六章工作面采煤、装煤、运煤方式及设备选型第一节采煤机的选型与计算1、按采煤机工作面生产能力计算公式如下：Q采=60MBV采γ式中：Q采——采煤机工作面实际生产能力，t/h；M——采高，15号煤平均厚度3.37m；B——截深，0.6m；V采——给定条件下采煤机牵引速度，1.89m/min；投产时工作面的循环进度0.6m，日循环次数6次，日循环进度为3.60m。每天三班生产一班检修，每班2个循环。则最大班6小时循环2次，割2刀（工作面长170m）。取50%的开机率，则工作面割煤速度为170m÷180min÷50%=1.89m/min。γ——煤的实体视密度，为1.41t/m3；Q=60×3.37×0.6×1.89×1.41=323.31t/h2、按单位能耗计算采煤机装机功率为：N=60Kb·B·H·Vave·Hw式中：N——采煤机装机功率，kW；Kb——备用系数，取1.2；B——采煤机截深，0.6m；H——采煤机割煤高度，取15号平均厚度3.37m；Hw——采煤机割煤单位比能耗，按实测统计资料Hw=0.65-0.85kWh/m3，根据该矿煤层煤质、裂隙发育等的特点，取Hw=0.85kWh/m3；Vave——采煤机平均割煤速度，15号煤1.89m/min；N=60Kb·B·H·Vave·Hw=60×1.2×0.6×3.37×1.89×0.85=249.8kW15号煤层平均厚度为3.37m，最大厚度为3.80m，煤层结构较简单，故15号煤滚筒直径取2000mm。根据以上计算结果并结合煤层厚度、结构以及结合采煤机生产厂家的产品系列型号的特点，15号煤回采工作面选用MG200/490—W型采煤机。采煤机技术参数见表6—1—1。表6—1—1采煤机技术特征表型号采高(m)电机功率(kW)滚筒直径(mm/个)截深(mm)牵引速度(m/min)牵引方式重量(t)备注MG200/490—W2.0—3.84902000/26300～5.4电牵引24第二节工作面刮板输送机的选型与计算工作面刮板输送机选型需满足三个方面要求：一是运输能力与采煤机生产能力相适应；二是外型尺寸和牵引方式与采煤机相匹配；三是运输机长度与工作面长度相一致。根据环节能力配套并考虑1.20富裕系数，刮板输送机的运量应达到323.31×1.2=387.97t/h；考虑上述因素，综采工作面刮板输送机选用SGB764/264型可弯曲刮板输送机，刮板输送机主要技术参数见表4—1—2。表6—2—1刮板输送机技术特征表型号机长(m)输送能力(t/h)刮板链速(m/s)中部槽(mm)电机功率(kW)电压等级(V)备注SGB764/2641706001.001500×764×2222×1321140第三节转载机、顺槽带式输送机顺槽转载机转载能力要求与工作面的生产能力相适应，并要求与工作面刮板输送机和顺槽可伸缩胶带输送机相配套，综采工作面选用SZZ764/160型转载机、DSJ100/45/2×132型胶带输送机。其主要技术参数见表6—3—1、6—3—2、6—3—3.表6—3—1桥式转载机技术特征表型号机长(m)输送能力(t/h)刮板链速(m/s)电机功率(kW)电压等级(V)备注SZZ764/160508001.28160660/1140表6—3—2破碎机技术特征表型号破碎能力（t/h）最大给料尺寸（mm）最大排料尺寸（mm）电机功率（kW）电压等级（V）备注PCM110800700×700300551140表6—3—3顺槽带式输送机技术特征表型号运输能力(t/h)运距(m)速度(m/s)电机功率(kW)电压等级(V)备注DSJ100/45/2×1324507642.52×132660/1140第四节乳化液泵站、喷雾泵站工作面液压支架对乳化液泵站要求MRBZ200/31.5型乳化液泵站其主要技术参数见表6—4—1：表6—4—1乳化液泵站的技术特征表型号额定压力（MPa）公称流量（L/min）配套电机外型尺寸长×宽×高（mm）重量（kg）液箱容积（L）功率（kW）曲轴转速(r/min）MRBZ200/31.531.52001255632360×960×10303000150根据所选采煤机配套喷雾泵站要求选ZPB200／5.5型喷雾泵站，其主要技术参数见表6—4—2。表6—4—2喷雾泵站技术特征表型号工作压力（MPa）公称流量（L/min）电动机备注功率（kw）电压（v）转速（r/mim）ZPB200／5.55.5200226601485第五节支护设备选型和计算工作面顶板管理方式为全部垮落法。（1）确定支架的工作阻力或支护强度时，一般考虑垮落带岩层变形破坏时对支架的影响。（2）按实测的支架外载荷有关数据，利用回归分析计算支架的支护强度时，先求出支护强度的折算系数n。来压前：n1=7.46M—0.829（R=0.94，S=0.13）来压时：n2=9.768M—0.769（R=0.98，S=0.06）（3）按上述顶板来压时载荷折算系数回归公式，得出计算，支架额定支护强度qH（kN/m2）的公式qH=9.768K.M0.21.γ=9.768×1.3×3.800.21×26=437.00（kN/m2）437.00÷0.75=582.67（kN/m2）P=LBqH=5.3×1.4×582.67=4323.41（kN）式中：K——备用系数，K=1.3。支架阻力的实际利用系数为75%；M——煤层厚度，m；15号煤最大厚度为3.80m。γ——顶板岩石容重，kN/m3。根据液压支架工作阻力计算数据，结合煤层赋存情况及煤层厚度，及选用的采煤方法，工作面支护选用ZZ5200/19/42型液压支架，支架支护高度1.9—4.2m，工作阻力为5200kN。工作面过渡支架选用ZZG5200/19/42型液压支架，支架支护高度1.9—4.2m，工作阻力为5200kN。回采工作面端头采用单体液压支柱四对八梁支护，采用DZ31.5配HDL-3500型π型钢梁支护。运输顺槽超前支护采用DZ31.5配HDL—4500型π型钢梁进行支护；回风顺槽超前支护采用DZ31.5配HDL—3500型π型钢梁进行支护，超前支护距离暂按20m考虑。表6-5-1ZZ5200/19/42型液压支架技术特征表型号支架宽度（mm）支架高度（mm）工作阻力(kN)支架中心距(mm)架型操作方式重量（t）ZZ5200/19/4213501900-420052001350掩护式邻架18.6表6-5-2回采工作面采、装、运设备配备表设备名称设备型号功率(kW)单位总数量其中备用双滚筒采煤机MG200/490—W490台1可弯曲刮板输送机SGB764/2642×132台1液压支架ZZ5200/19/42架14725过渡液压支架ZZG5200/19/42架51单体液压支柱DZ31.5根16433π型钢梁HDL-3500根427π型钢梁HDL-4500根427刮板转载机SZZ764/160160台1破碎机PCM110110台1可伸缩胶带输送机DSJ100/45/2×1322×132台1乳化液泵站MRBZ200/31.5125台1两泵一箱喷雾泵站ZPB200／5.522台1回柱绞车JH-811台2探水钻MAZ-20011台1煤层注水泵7BZ-45/13022台1虽然支架工作阻力核算，满足设计要求。但实际生产中仍不可掉以轻心，矿方应按照规程要求配备相应的矿山压力观测设备，随时监控矿山压力的变化情况，压力大时配备足够单体柱加强支护，确保安全的情况下，方可进行生产。第六节采区电气设备的选型一、采区高、低压配电系统井下中央变电所分别向回采工作面移动变电站、回采工作面运输顺槽移动变电站、回采工作面回风顺槽移动变电站、顺槽掘进面移动变电站、二采区轨道巷掘进面移动变电站提供1回10kV电源。回采工作面移动变电站选用一台KBSGZY-800/10，10/1.2kV，800kVA型矿用隔爆型移动变电站为回采工作面采煤机及刮板输送机供电，负荷率为79％。工作面运输顺槽移动变电站选用一台KBSGZY-315/10，10/0.69kV，315kVA型矿用隔爆型移动变电站为运输顺槽的设备供电，负荷率为60％。工作面回风顺槽移动变电站选用一台KBSGZY-200/10，10/0.69kV，200kVA型矿用隔爆型移动变电站为回风顺槽的设备供电，负荷率为84％。回风顺槽掘进工作面移动变电站选用一台KBSGZY-400/10，10/0.69kV，400kVA型矿用隔爆型移动变电站为胶带顺槽掘进的设备供电，负荷率为81％。二采区轨道巷掘进工作面移动变电站选用一台KBSGZY-400/10，10/0.69kV，400kVA型矿用隔爆型移动变电站为轨道顺槽掘进的设备供电，负荷率为81％。在井下中央变电所设置2台KBSG-100/1010/0.69kV100kVA型干式变压器为2个掘进工作面局部通风机供电，负荷率55％，保障率100%。井下40kW及以上用电设备的控制开关选用QBZ矿用隔爆型真空起动器；40kW以下设备选用QBD型矿用隔爆磁力起动器；煤电钻选用ZBM-4.0型矿用隔爆电钻变压器综合保护装置以127V供电。井下中央变电所的高压馈电线上，装设选择性的单相接地保护装置，供移动变电站的高压馈电线上，必须装设有选择性动作于跳闸的单相接地保护装置。井下低压馈电线上装设带有漏电闭锁装置。井下供配电电压为10kV、1140V、660V。煤电钻及照明灯具电压127V，由电钻或照明变压器综合装置供给。二、井下电缆、照明选型井下10kV供电电缆选用MYPTJ—6/10型矿用金属屏蔽橡套软电缆；井下供电电缆选用MYP—0.66/1.14型矿用橡套软电缆；采煤机采用专用电缆；煤电钻选用MZ—0.3/0.5型矿用电钻软电缆；井下照明选用MYQ—0.3/0.5型矿用轻型橡套软电缆。胶带大巷、轨道大巷、工作面胶带顺槽及主要机电硐室设固定照明。固定照明电压127V，选用DGS—13/127矿用隔爆型节能灯具。灯具电源由BZX—4.0660/127V照明变压器综合装置供电。照明干线选用MYQ—0.3/0.53×4矿用轻型橡套软电缆。三、井下接地井下主、副水仓中各埋设一块2000mm×400mm×5mm钢板作为井下主接地极，各配电点处设局部接地极，通过电缆的接地芯线及铠装电缆金属外皮相互连接，构成井下总接地网，网上任一保护接地点测得的接地电阻值不超过2Ω。每一个移动式和手持式电气设备至局部接地极之间的保护接地连接导线的电阻值不超过1Ω。为防止雷电侵入井下，引入井下的金属部件均在井口处设可靠接地，且接地点不得少于两处。第七章主要技术经济指标矿井设计主要技术经济指标顺序指标名称单位指标备注（1）（2）（3）（4）（5）井田范围（1）东西长（2）南北长（3）井田面积kmkmkm3.1652.623.452.4煤层可采煤层数可采煤层总厚度首采煤层厚度m煤层倾角层mm°1层；15号煤3.373.3763.4资源/储量保有地质资源/储量工业资源/储量设计资源储量设计可采储量ktktktkt112401117398966981.644.1煤类15号煤PM5.4煤质灰份（原煤/浮煤）硫份（原煤/浮煤）挥发份（原煤/浮煤）原煤发热量％％％MJ/kg24.29%2.39%17.64%25.43矿井设计主要技术经济指标顺序指标名称单位指标备注（1）（2）（3）（4）（5）66.16.2矿井设计生产能力年生产能力日生产能力kt/at/a900272777.1矿井服务年限设计生产年限a5.588.18.2矿井设计工作制度年工作制度日工作班数天班330“四六”制作业9.49.5井田开拓开拓方式水平数目水平标高大巷主运输方式大巷辅助运输方式个m斜—立井混合开拓1+789胶带调度绞车1010.4.210.4.3采区回采工作面个数掘进工作面个数采煤方法主要采煤设备采煤机支架输送机个个12综采一次采全高MG200/490-WZZ5200/19/42SGB764/2641111.1矿井主要设备主井提升设备DTL100/20/2×132输送机矿井设计主要技术经济指标顺序指标名称单位指标备注（1）（2）（3）（4）（5）11.211.311.411.5辅助提升设备主通风设备主排水设备压风设备JK-2/31.5型提升机FBCDZ-8-№22BMD155-30LG132-8

请删除以下内容，O(∩_∩)O谢谢！！！TheoriginoftaxationintheUnitedStatescanbetracedtothetimewhenthecolonistswereheavilytaxedbyGreatBritainoneverythingfromteatolegalandbusinessdocumentsthatwererequiredbytheStampTax.Thecolonists'disdainforthistaxationwithoutrepresentation(so-calledbecausethecolonieshadnovoiceintheestablishmentofthetaxes)gaverisetorevoltssuchastheBostonTeaParty.However,evenaftertheRevolutionaryWarandtheadoptionoftheU.S.Constitution,themainsourceofrevenueforthenewlycreatedstateswasmoneyreceivedfromcustomsandexcisetaxesonitemssuchascarriages,sugar,whiskey,andsnuff.IncometaxfirstappearedintheUnitedStatesin1862,duringtheCivilWar.Atthattimeonlyaboutonepercentofthepopulationwasrequiredtopaythetax.Aflat-rateincometaxwasimposedin1867.Theincometaxwasrepealedinitsentiretyin1872.IncometaxwasarallyingpointforthePopulistpartyin1892,andhadenoughsupporttwoyearslaterthatCongresspassedtheIncomeTaxActof1894.Thetaxatthattimewastwopercentonindividualincomesinexcessof$4,000,whichmeantthatitreachedonlythewealthiestmembersofthepopulation.TheSupremeCourtstruckdownthetax,holdingthatitviolatedtheconstitutionalrequirementthatdirecttaxesbeapportionedamongthestatesbypopulation(pollockv.farmers'loan&trust,158U.S.601,15S.Ct.912,39L.Ed.1108[1895]).Aftermanyyearsofdebateandcompromise,thesixteenthamendmenttotheConstitutionwasratifiedin1913,providingCongresswiththepowertolayandcollecttaxesonincomewithoutapportionmentamongthestates.Theobjectivesoftheincometaxweretheequitabledistributionofthetaxburdenandtheraisingofrevenue.Since1913theU.S.incometaxsystemhasbecomeverycomplex.In1913theincometaxlawswerecontainedineighteenpagesoflegislation;theexplanationofthetaxreformactof1986wasmorethanthirteenhundredpageslong(Pub.L.99-514,Oct.22,1986,100Stat.2085).CommerceClearingHouse,apublisheroftaxinformation,releasedaversionoftheInternalRevenueCodeintheearly1990sthatwasfourtimesthickerthanitsversionin1953.Changestothetaxlawsoftenreflectthetimes.Theflattaxof1913waslaterreplacedwithagraduatedtax.AftertheUnitedStatesenteredworldwari,theWarRevenueActof1917imposedamaximumtaxrateforindividualsof67percent,comparedwitharateof13percentin1916.In1924SecretaryoftheTreasuryAndrewW.Mellon,speakingtoCongressaboutthehighleveloftaxation,stated,Thepresentsystemisafailure.Itwasanemergencymeasure,adoptedunderthepressureofwarnecessityandnottobecounteduponasapermanentpartofourrevenuestructure….Thehighratesputpressureontaxpayerstoreducetheirtaxableincome,tendtodestroyindividualinitiativeandenterprise,andseriouslyimpedethedevelopmentofproductivebusiness….Wayswillalwaysbefoundtoavoidtaxessodestructiveintheirnature,andtheonlywaytosavethesituationistoputthetaxesonareasonablebasisthatwillpermitbusinesstogoonandindustrytodevelop.Consequently,theRevenueActof1924reducedthemaximumindividualtaxrateto43percent(RevenueActs,June2,1924,ch.234,43Stat.253).In1926theratewasfurtherreducedto25percent.TheRevenueActof1932wasthefirsttaxlawpassedduringtheGreatDepression(RevenueActs,June6,1932,ch.209,47Stat.169).Itincreasedtheindividualmaximumratefrom25to63percent,andreducedpersonalexemptionsfrom$1,500to$1,000forsinglepersons,andfrom$3,500to$2,500formarriedcouples.Thenationalindustrialrecoveryactof1933(NIRA),partofPresidentfranklind.roosevelt'snewdeal,imposedafivepercentexcisetaxondividendreceipts,imposedacapitalstocktaxandanexcessprofitstax,andsuspendedalldeductionsforlosses(June16,1933,ch.90,48Stat.195).Therepealin1933oftheeighteenthamendment,whichhadprohibitedthemanufactureandsaleofalcohol,broughtinanestimated$90millioninnewliquortaxesin1934.Thesocialsecurityactof1935providedforawagetax,halftobepaidbytheemployeeandhalfbytheemployer,toestablishafederalretirementfund(OldAgePensionAct,Aug.14,1935,ch.531,49Stat.620).TheWealthTaxAct,alsoknownastheRevenueActof1935,increasedthemaximumtaxrateto79percent,theRevenueActsof1940and1941increaseditto81percent,theRevenueActof1942raiseditto88percent,andtheIndividualIncomeTaxActof1944raisedtheindividualmaximumrateto94percent.Thepost-WorldWarIIRevenueActof1945reducedtheindividualmaximumtaxfrom94percentto91percent.TheRevenueActof1950,duringthekoreanwar,reduceditto84.4percent,butitwasraisedthenextyearto92percent(RevenueActof1950,Sept.23,1950,ch.994,Stat.906).Itremainedatthisleveluntil1964,whenitwasreducedto70percent.TheRevenueActof1954revisedtheInternalRevenueCodeof1939,makingmajorchangesthatwerebeneficialtothetaxpayer,includingprovidingforchildcaredeductions(laterchangedtocredits),anincreaseinthecharitablecontributionlimit,ataxcreditagainsttaxableretirementincome,employeedeductionsforbusinessexpenses,andliberalizeddepreciationdeductions.From1954to1962,theInternalRevenueCodewasamendedby183separateacts.In1974theemployeeretirementincomesecurityact(ERISA)createdprotectionsforemployeeswhoseemployerspromisedspecifiedpensionsorotherretirementcontributions(Pub.L.No.93-406,Sept.2,1974,88Stat.829).ERISArequiredthattobetaxdeductible,theemployer'splancontributionmustmeetcertainminimumstandardsastoemployeeparticipationandvestingandemployerfunding.ERISAalsoapprovedtheuseofindividualretirementaccounts(IRAs)toencouragetax-deferredretirementsavingsbyindividuals.TheEconomicRecoveryTaxActof1981(ERTA)providedthelargesttaxcutuptothattime,reducingthemaximumindividualratefrom70percentto50percent(Pub.L.No.97-34,Aug.13,1981,95Stat.172).ThemostsweepingtaxchangessinceworldwariiwereenactedintheTaxReformActof1986.ThisbillwassignedintolawbyPresidentronaldreaganandwasdesignedtoequalizethetaxtreatmentofvariousassets,eliminatetaxshelters,andlowermarginalrates.Conservativeswantedtheacttoprovideasingle,lowtaxratethatcouldbeappliedtoeveryone.Althoughthissingle,flatratewasnotincludedinthefinalbill,taxrateswerereducedto15percentonthefirst$17,850ofincomeforsinglesand$29,750formarriedcouples,andsetat28to33percentonremainingincome.Manydeductionswererepealed,suchasadeductionavailabletotwo-incomemarriedcouplesthathadbeenusedtoavoidthe"marriagepenalty"(agreatertaxliabilityincurredwhentwopersonsfiledtheirincometaxreturnasamarriedcoupleratherthanasindividuals).Althoughthepersonalexemptionexclusionwasincreased,anexemptionforelderlyandblindpersonswhoitemizedeductionswasrepealed.Inaddition,aspecialcapitalgainsratewasrepealed,aswasaninvestmenttaxcreditthathadbeenintroducedin1962byPresidentjohnf.kennedy.TheOmnibusBudgetReconciliationActof1993,thefirstbudgetandtaxactenactedduringtheClintonadministration,wasvigorouslydebated,andpassedwithonlytheminimumnumberofnecessaryvotes.Thislawprovidedforincometaxratesof15,28,31,36,and39.6percentonvaryinglevelsofincomeandforthetaxationofsocialsecurityincomeifthetaxpayerreceivesotherincomeoveracertainlevel.In2001CongressenactedamajorincometaxcutattheurgingofPresidentgeorgew.bush.Overthecourseof11yearsthelawreducesmarginalincometaxratesacrossalllevelsofincome.The36percentratewillbeloweredto33percent,the31percentrateto28percent,the28percentrateto25percent.Inaddition,anewbottom10percentratewascreated.Sincetheearly1980s,aflat-ratetaxsystemratherthanthegraduatedbracketedmethodhasbeenproposed.(Thegraduatedbracketedmethodistheonethathasbeenusedsincegraduatedtaxeswereintroduced:thepercentageoftaxdiffersbasedontheamountoftaxableincome.)Theflat-ratesystemwouldimposeonerate,suchas20percent,onallincomeandwouldeliminatespecialdeductions,credits,andexclusions.Despitefirmsupportbysome,theflat-ratetaxhasnotbeenadoptedintheUnitedStates.Regardlessofthechangesmadebylegislatorssince1913,thebasicformulaforcomputingtheamountoftaxowedhasremainedbasicallythesame.Todeterminetheamountofincometaxowed,certaindeductionsaretakenfromanindividual'sgrossincometoarriveatanadjustedgross