高考英语阅读理解分类强化训练科技类有详解

2009年高考英语阅读理解分类强化训练（科技类）（附答案详解）(1)Withonlyabout1,000pandasleftintheworld,Chinaisdesperatelytryingtoclone(克隆)theanimalandsavetheendangeredspecies(物种).That’samovesimilartowhataTexasA&MUniversityresearchershavebeenundertakingforthepastfiveyearsinaprojectcalled“Noah’sArk”.Noah’sArkisaimedatcollectingeggs,embryos(胚胎),semenandDNAofendangeredanimalsandstoringtheminliquidnitrogen.Ifcertainspeciesshouldbecomeextinct,Dr.DuaneKraemer,aprofessorinTexasA&M’sCollegeofItisestimatedthatasmanyas2,000speciesofmammals,birdsreptileswillbecomeextinctinover100years.Thepanda,nativeonlytoChina,isindangerofbecomingextinctinthenext25years.Thisweek,ChinesescientistssaidtheygrewanembryobyintroducingcellsfromadeadfemalepandaintotheeggcellsofaJapanesewhiterabbit.Theyarenowtryingtoimplanttheembryointoahostanimal.Theentireprocedurecouldtakefromthreetofiveyearstocomplete.“Thenucleartransfer(核子移植)ofonespeciestoanotherisnoteasy,andthelackofavailable(capableofbeingused)pandaeggscouldbeamajorproblem,”Kraemerbelieves.“Theywillprobablyhavetodoseveralhundredtransferstoresultinonepregnancy(havingababy).Ittakesalongtimeandit’sdifficult,butthiscouldbegroundbreakingscienceifitworks.Theyarecertainlynotputtinganylivepandasatrisk,soitisworththeeffort,”addsKraemer,whoisoneoftheleadersoftheProjectatTexasA&M,thefirst-everattemptatcloningadog.“Theyaretryingtodosomethingthat’sneverbeendone,andthisisverysimilartoourworkinNoah’sArk.We’rebothtryingtosaveanimalsthatfaceextinction.Icertainlyappreciatetheireffortandthere’salotwecanlearnfromwhattheyareattemptingtodo.It’saresearchthatisverymuchneeded.”1.Theaimof“Noah’sArk”projectisto_______.A.makeeffortstoclonetheendangeredpandasB.saveendangeredanimalsfromdyingoutC.collectDNAofendangeredanimalstostudyD.transferthenuclearofoneanimaltoanother2.AccordingtoProfessorKraemer,themajorproblemincloningpandaswouldbethelackof_______.A.availablepandaeggs B.hostanimalsC.qualifiedresearchers D.enoughmoney3.Thebesttitleforthepassagemaybe_______.A.China’sSuccessinPandasCloning

B.TheFirstClonedPandaintheWorldC.ExploringthePossibilitytoClonePandasD.China—theNativePlaceofPandasForever4.Fromthepassageweknowthat_______.A.KraemerandhisteamhavesucceededincloningadogB.scientiststrytoimplantapanda’seggintoarabbitC.KraemerwillworkwithChinesescientistsincloneresearchesD.abouttwothousandofspecieswillprobablydieoutinacentury【答案与解析】本文讲述中国正在竭力克隆濒临绝种的熊猫，这和TexasA&MUniversity的Noah'sArk(诺亚方舟)工程极为相似，都是想拯救濒临灭绝的动物。1.B。语义理解题。从第2段内容可知，“诺亚方舟”工程的目标是把濒临灭绝的动物的蛋(卵)、胚胎、精液和DNA储存在液体氮中，如果某一种动物濒临灭绝时，将来可以重现这一动物。2.A。细节题。从第6段第1句话Thenucleartransfer(核子移植)ofonespeciestoanotherisnoteasy,andthelackofavailable(capableofbeingused)pandaeggscouldbeamajorproblem可以做出正确判断。3.C。主旨题。从文章内容来看，无论是中国还是世界克隆熊猫还没有成功，所以排除A、B项；D项内容明显与文章内容不符，故排除。所以“探索克隆熊猫的可能性”应该是这篇文章的标题。4.D。判断题。此题B项的干扰性较强，但由于它没有说明是Chinesescientists，所以应排除。A、C项明显与原文不符。根据文章第3段第1句可知答案非D莫属。(2)Wantaglanceofthefutureofhealthcare?Takealookatthewaythevariousnetworksofpeopleaboutpatientcarearebeingconnectedtooneanother,andhowthisnewconnectivityisbeingexploitedtodelivermedicinetothepatient—nomatterwhereheorshemaybe.Onlinedoctorsofferingadvicebasedonnormalsymptoms(症状)arethemostobviousexample.Increasingly,however,remotediagnosis(远程诊断)willbebasedonrealphysiologicaldata(生理数据)fromtheactualpatient.AgroupfromtheUniversityofOthermedicaltechnologygroupsareworkingonapplyingtelemedicinetorural(countryside)care.Andatleastoneteamwantstousetelemedicineasatoolfordisasterneed—especiallyafterearthquakes.Onthewhole,thetrendistowardsprovidingglobalaccesstomedicaldataandexperts’opinions.Butthereisoneproblem.Bandwidth(宽带)isthelimitingfactorforsendingcomplex(复杂的)medicalpicturesaroundtheworld—CTphotosbeingoneofthebiggestbandwidthusers.Communicationsatellitesmaybeabletodealwiththeshort-termneedsduringdisasterssuchasearthquakesorwars.Butmedicineislookingtowardsboththesecond-generationInternetandthird-generationmobilephonesforthefutureofremotemedicalservice.Doctorshavemettodiscusscomputer-basedtoolsformedicaldiagnosis,trainingandtelemedicine.Withthefallingpriceofbroadbandcommunications,thenewtechnologiesshouldstartanewtimewhentelemedicineandthesharingofmedicalinformation,experts’opinionsanddiagnosisarecommon.1.Thewriterchieflytalksabout_______.A.theuseoftelemedicine B.theon-lineddoctorsC.medicalcareandtreatment D.communicationimprovement2.Thebasisofremotediagnosiswillbe_______.A.personaldataassistanceB.somewordsofapatientC.realphysiologicalinformationD.medicalpicturesfromtheInternet3.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothetext？A.Patientsdon’tneeddoctorsinhospitalsanymore.B.Itisimpossibletosendapatient’ssignsoverthetelephone.C.Manyteamsusetelemedicinedealingwithdisastersnow.D.Broadbandcommunicationswillbecomecheaperinthefuture.4.The“problem”inthefourthparagraphreferstothefactthat_______.A.bandwidthisn’tbigenoughtosendcomplexmedicalpicturesB.thesecond-generationofInternethasnotbecomepopularyetC.communicationsatellitescanonlydealwithshort-termneedsD.thereisnotenoughequipmentforspreadingthemedicalcare【答案与解析】本文主要讲述人们将来可以通过网上看病，医生可以根据病人的生理数据做出远程诊断。随着第二代因特网和第三代移动手机为将来的远程医疗服务，尤其是宽带网交流价格的下降，远程医疗和医药信息、专家意见和诊断共享将成为家常便饭。1.A。主旨题。第2段和第3段的内容，可知最佳答案为A。2.C。细节题。从第2段第2句话中的…remotediagnosis(远程诊断)willbebasedonrealphysiologicaldata(生理数据)fromtheactualpatient可以做出正确判断。3.D。判断题。网上可以看病并不就是说病人去医院不需要医生，排除A项；通过电话发送病人的信息是可行的，排除B项；现在至少有一个医疗队想用远程医疗来治疗疾病，C项也不对；根据文章最后一句话Withthefallingpriceofbroadbandcommunications,thenewtechnologiesshouldstartanewtimewhentelemedicineandthesharingofmedicalinformation,experts’opinionsanddiagnosisarecommon可以肯定答案是D。4.A。推断题。根据第4段第2句话Bandwidth(宽带)isthelimitingfactorforsendingcomplex(复杂)medicalpicturesaroundtheworld—CTphotosbeingoneofthebiggestbandwidthusers可知答案为A。(3)ScientistsareuncoveringthesecretsoftwoportcitieslostunderthewatersoftheMediterraneanSea,aresearchersaidyesterday.HerakleionandMenouthiswererichandproudcitiesuntilsomethingreducedthemtorubble(碎石)andburiedtheminthemudbeneath30feetofseawater,FrenchunderwaterexplorerFranckGoddiosaidattheAmericanGeophysicalUnionconference.“Thisisamysterythatisongoing,”saidGoddio,afounderoftheEuropeanInstituteofMarineArcheology,aParis-basedunderwaterresearchorganizationbackedbythewealthyHiltiFoundationofLiechtenstein(列支敦士登基金会).ThedestructionofthetwinportcitieshashauntedGoddioeversincehehappeneduponthesiteabout15milesfromAlexandriawhileexploringsunkenshipsfromNapoleon’sfleet.Goddioandhisgroupofexpertdivers,marinearcheologists(海洋考古学家)andothers,areusinghighpoweredvacuums,satellitenavigationsystemsandsophisticatedsonar(声纳)toexcavate(挖掘)thesunkencitiesfromunderneathacarpetofsiltaboutonemeter(threefeet)high.Wallsofshops,remainsofstreetsandgoldartifactshavebeenfoundandrecovered.Someexpertsbelievethattheportcitiesweredestroyedbyaseriesofmassiveearthquakes,muchlikethequakesscientistsbelievefelledTroy(特洛伊城),Jerichoandotherancientcities.Theuniformdirectionofthecollapsedcolumnsandwallssuggestanearthquake,Goddiosaid,butnofaultlineshavebeenfoundnearby.Otherresearchersbelieveamassivewave,causedbyeitheranoffshoreearthquakeoradistantunderwaterlandslide,couldexplainthecatastrophe.StillothersthinkrisingseasandashiftintheNileRiveroutletdoomedthecities.“Theargument,asyoucansee,continues,”Goddiosaid.1.ThereasonwhythetwoportcitiesdisappearedunderthewatersofMediterraneanSeaisthat______.A.thetwoportcitiesweredestroyedbyhugeearthquakesB.thedisappearanceofthetwoportcitieswascausedbyunderwaterlandslideC.risingseasandashiftintheNileRiveroutletdoomedthecitiesD.thestorydidn’ttellusatall2.Fromthestorywecandrawaconclusionthat_______.A.thetwoportcitieswerefamousfortheirwealthandthemysteryB.thetwocitiesbelongedtoFranceC.somemysteriouscreaturesfromotherplanetsdestroyedthetwocitiesD.theAmericanGeophysicalUnionconferencewasonceheldinoneofthetwocities3.Thisarticleisprobablyfrom_______.A.ascientificmagazineB.areporttothegovernmentC.aschooltextbookD.ascientificreportinanewspaper(1—3DBD)【答案与解析】本文报道了人们对法国地中海中的两座城市沉如海底的各种推测。1.D。推断题。文章只对城市下沉的原因作了一些推测但未作出结论。由此可推知此题答案为D。2.B。推断题。根据文章中所提到的与之相关的名称，如：FrenchunderwaterexplorerFranckGoddio,aParis-basedunderwaterresearchorganization,Napoleon’sfleet可推知此题答案为B。3.D。推断题。文章讨论地中海中的两座城市下沉的原因，显然与地质科学有关，故选D。注意不宜选A，一个显然的因素是第1段中出现的yesterday。(4)Motherhoodmaymakewomensmarterandmayhelppreventdementia(痴呆)inoldagebybathingthebraininprotectivehormones(荷尔蒙),U.S.reseachersreportedonThursday.Testsonratsshowthatthosewhoraisetwoormorelittersofpupsdoconsiderablybetterintestsofmemoryandskillsthanratswhohavenobabies,andtheirbrainsshowchangesthatsuggesttheymaybeprotectedagainstdiseasessuchasAlzheimer’s(早老痴呆症).Universityof“Ourresearchshowsthatthehormonesofpregnancy(怀孕)areprotectingthebrain,includingestrogen(雌激素),whichweknowhasmanyneuroprotective(保护神经的)effects,”Kinsleysaid.“It’sratdatabuthumansaremammalsjustliketheseanimalsaremammals,”headdedinatelephoneinterview.“Theygothroughpregnancyandhormonalchanges.”KinsleysaidhehopedpublichealthofficialsandresearcherswilllooktoseeifhavinghadchildrenprotectsawomanfromAlzheimer’sandotherformsofage-relatedbraindecline.“Whenpeoplethinkaboutpregnancy,theythinkaboutwhathappenstobabiesandthemotherfromtheneckdown,”saidKinsley,whopresentedhisfindingstotheannualmeetingoftheSocietyofNeuroscienceinOrlando,“Theydonotrealizethathormonesarewashingonthebrain.Ifyoulookatfemaleanimalswhohavenevergonethroughpregnancy,theyactdifferentlytowardyoung.Butifshegoesthroughpregnancy,shewillsacrificeherlifeforherinfant—thatisagreatchangeinherbehaviorthatshowedingeneticalterations(改变)tothebrain.”1.Howdoscientistsknow“Motherhoodmaymakewomensmarter”?A.Someresearchershavetoldthem.B.Manywomensayso.C.Theyknowitbyexperimentingonrats.D.Theyknowitthroughtheirownexperience.2.Whatdoesthephrase“littersofpups”meaninthesecondparagraph?A.Babyrats.B.Animals.C.Oldrats.D.Grown-uprats.3.Whatcanprotectthebrainofawomanaccordingtothepassage?A.Estrogen.B.Thehormonesofpregnancy.C.Moreexercise.D.Takingcareofchildren.4.“It’sratdatabuthumansaremammalsjustliketheseanimalsaremammals.”Whatdoesthesentencesuggest?A.Theexperimentsontheratshavenothingtodowithhumans.B.Theexperimentsontheratsareveryimportantforanimals.C.Theexperimentsontheratsaremuchthesameonhumans.D.Theexperimentsontheratsaremuchthesameonotheranimals.5.Whichtitleisthebestforthispassage?A.DoYouWanttoBeSmarter?B.MotherhoodMakesWomenSmarterC.MysteriousHormonesD.AnImportantStudy【答案与解析】本文介绍了一个观点：母性特点能使妇女变得更加聪明灵敏。1.C。细节题。根据Testsonratsshow…可知科学家是通过做老鼠实验得出这个结论的。2.A。词义猜测题。后面的对比whohavenobabies，实际上提供了一个相反的情况，所以我们可以推测thosewhoraisetwoormorelittersofpups中的littersofpups指的是“刚出生不久的小老鼠”。3.B。细节题。根据文章第3段中的…thehormonesofpregnancy(怀孕)areprotectingthebrain可得出答案。4.C。句意理解题。科学家通过用老鼠做实验来说明人的问题。因为人和老鼠都属于哺乳动物，很多生理机能都相同。5.B。主旨题。短文第1句Motherhoodmaymakewomensmarter是主题句，据此我们可以得出答案。(5)Togetcashoutinthe21stcentury,youwon’tneedabankcard,aPIN(个人识别编号)orevenhavetomoveafinger.Youwillsimplyhavetolookthecashmachinestraightintheeye,declaresNationalCashRegisters,amultinationalcompanythatmakesautomatedtellermachines,orATMs.NCRhasshownitsfirstexamplemachinethatisbelievedtobethefutureofbanking.InsteadofaskingyouforyourPINonascreen,theSuperTeller-Stellaforshort,asksyouorallythroughaloudspeakertolookstraightaheadwhileaninfraredcameraturnstoyourhead,thenyoureye,andfinallytakesaninfraredphotographofyouriris(虹膜).Foridentification(识别)purposes,anirispictureisbetterthanafingerprint,witharound256noticeablecharacteristicscomparedwith40forfingerprints.Thismeansthatthechancesofsomeoneelsebeingrecognizedinyourplaceisabout1in1020.Onceyou’vebeenidentified,Stellagreetsyoubynameandsays:“Wouldyoulikecashorastatement?”Aninfraredportallowsthemachinetosendabankstatementstraighttoyourpocketcomputer.1.Whatdoesthispassagemainlytalkabout?A.AnewmedicalinstrumentB.Anewtypeoftalkingmachine.C.Anewtypeofcashmachine.D.NationalCashRegister2.Whatisthisnewmachinecalled?A.Stella B.ATM C.PIN D.NCR3.Whenyouwanttogetcashoutinthe21stcentury,youwill_______.A.needabankcard B.havetoputinyourPINC.moveyourfinger D.justlookdirectlyatthetellermachine【答案解析】本文介绍了自动取款机的新型的识别储户方法。1.C。主旨题。阅读全文可知本文介绍的是新型取款机的设计原理及工作方式，故选C。2.A。细节题。根据InsteadofaskingyouforyourPINonascreen,theSuperTeller-Stellaforshort,asksyouorally…及Onceyou’vebeenidentified,Stellagreetsyoubynameandsays…可知答案为A。3.D。细节题。根据Togetcashoutinthe21stcentury,youwon’tneedabankcard,aPINorevenhavetomoveafinger.Youwillsimplyhavetolookthecashmachinestraightintheeye,…可知仅仅径直看着取款机就可以了，故选答案D。(6)Weatherchangeswhenthetemperatureandtheamountofwaterintheatmospherechange.Wecanseeandfeelwatercomingfromtheatmospherewhenwehaverain.Butthewatermustsomehowgetbacktotheatmosphere.Meteorologistscallthisthewatercycle.

Therearemanystagesinthewatercycle.Rainfallswhenwatervapourincloudscondenses(凝结).Dropsofwaterformandfalltotheground.Thewatersoaksintothegroundandfeedsstreamsandrivers.Alotofrainfallsintothesea.Theheatofthesunevaporatessomeofthewaterinthegroundandintherivers,lakes,andthesea.Itchangestheliquidwaterintowatervapour.Thevapourrisesontotheair.Watervapourisnormallyinvisible.Onaverydamporhumidday,however,youcansometimesseewatervapourrisingfromapuddle(水坑)orpondinamist(薄雾)abovethewater.Watervapouralsogetsintotheairfromlivingthings.Treesandotherplantstakeinwaterthroughtheirrootsandgiveoffwatervapourfromtheirleaves.Peopleandlandanimalsdrinkwaterandbreatheoutwatervapour.Inallthesewaysthewaterreturnstotheair.Thereitgatherstoformcloudsandcondensestoformrain.Therainfallstoearth,andthecyclestartsagain.Itcontinuesevenifsnoworhail(冰雹)fallinsteadbecausebotheventuallymelttoformwater.Theamountofwatervapourintheairdependsonthetemperature.Theairismoremoist(潮湿)inthetropics(热带)thaninthecoldpolarregions.1.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A.Watercycle. B.Watervapour.C.Howrainforms.

D.Water,vapour,rain.

2.Howmanywaysofthewaterreturningtotheairarediscussedinthetext?A.Two.

B.Three. C.Four.

D.Five.

3.Whetherwatervapourcanbeseenornotdependson_______.

A.howmuchwaterisevaporated B.howgoodyoureyesareC.inwhichwaywaterisevaporated

D.climateorweather

4.Fromthepassagewegettoknow_______.

A.thereismorewatervapourintheairinthetropicsthanincoldpolarregions

B.thereismorewatervapourintheairincoldpolarregionthaninthetropics

C.itgetsmoreraininthetropicsthanincoldpolarregionsbecausethereislessvapour

D.theamountofwatervapourintheairdependsonhowoftenitrains【答案与解析】本文阐述了水循环的全过程。1.A。主旨题。文章第1段，特别是最后一句Meteorologistscallthisthewatercycle.已点明主题。2.B。判断题。读完第2段，不难发现水返回空中的方式有3种：第1种是太阳蒸发地面上的水使之变成水蒸气返回空中；第2种是树和植物释放出的水蒸气；第3种是人和动物呼出的水蒸气。3.D。语义理解题。从第2段第9句话Onaverydamporhumidday,however,youcansometimesseewatervapourrisingfromapuddle(水坑)orpondinamist(薄雾)abovethewater.可以找到为什么。4.A。判断题。根据最后一句话Theairismoremoist(潮湿)inthetropics(热带)thaninthecoldpolarregions可知答案。(7)Technologyistheapplication(应用)ofknowledgetoproduction.Thankstomoderntechnology,wehavebeenabletoincreasegreatlytheefficiencyofourworkforce.Newmachinesandnewmethodshavehelpedcutdowntimeandexpensewhileincreasingoveralloutput.Thishasmeantmoreproductionandahigherstandardofliving.FormostofusinAmerica,moderntechnologyisthoughtofasthereasonwhywecanhavecarsandtelevisionsets.However,technologyhasalsoincreasedtheamountoffoodavailabletous,bymeansofmodernfarmingmachineryandanimalbreedingtechniques,andhasextendedourlifespanvia(通过)medicaltechnology.Willmankindcontinuetolivelongerandhaveahigherqualityoflife?Inlargemeasuretheanswerdependsontechnologyandourabilitytouseitwidely.Ifwekeepmakingprogressaswehaveoverthepastfiftyyears,theanswerisdefinitelyyes.Theadvancementoftechnologydependsuponresearchanddevelopment,andthelateststatistics(统计)showthattheUnitedStatesiscontinuingtopumpbillionsofdollarsannually(每年)intosuchefforts.Sowhilewearerunningoutofsomescarceresources(少的资源)wemaywellfindtechnologicalsubstitutes(代用品)formanyofthemthroughourresearchprograms.Therefore,inthefinalanalysisthethreemajorfactorsofproduction(land,laborandcapital)areallinfluencedbytechnology.Whenweneednewskills,ontechniquesinmedicine,peoplewillstartdevelopingnewtechnologytomeetthoseneeds.Asequipmentprovestobesloworinefficient,newmachineswillbeinvented.Technologyrespondstoourneedsinhelpingusmaintainourstandardofliving.1.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.Thedefinitionoftechnology B.Moderntechnology

C.Theapplicationoftechnology D.Thedevelopmentoftechnology2.Whichisthemainideaofthepassage?A.Moderntechnologyisthekeytotheimprovementofstandardofliving.B.Thethreemajorfactorsofproduction(land,laborandcapital)areallinfluencedbytechnology.C.Technologyistheresponsetoourneeds.D.TheUnitedStatesismakinggreateffortstoadvanceitstechnology.3.Accordingtothepassage,peoplecanlivealonglifewiththehelpof_______.A.higherqualityoflifeB.medicaltechnology

C.modernfarmingmachineryD.technologicalsubstitute【答案与解析】“科学技术是生产力”是这篇文章的主题。1.B。主旨题。文章的主要笔墨是用在科学技术的作用上，所以答案应选B。2.A。主旨题。文章最后一句Technologyrespondstoourneedsinhelpingusmaintainourstandardofliving就是主题句。3.B。判断题。从文章第2段第2句话…theanswerdependsontechnologyandourabilitytouseitwidely可以肯定答案选B。(8)Spacetravelisdefinitelybadforastronauts’bones,reducingtheirbonedensity(密度)afteronlyamonthofweightlessness,accordingtoFrenchresearchpublishedonFriday.LaurenceVicoandhisfellowworkersatStEtienneUniversitycalledformoreresearchintotheeffectsofmicrogravity,aftertheirstudyof15astronautsfromtheRussianMIRstationshowedbonelosscontinuedthroughoutspaceflights.“Bonelosswasespeciallystrikinginfourastronauts,”thescientistsreportedintheLancetMedicalJournal.Theymeasuredthebonemineraldensity(BMD)ofbonesintheforearm(前臂)andlowerlegoftheastronautswhohadspentonetosixmonthsinspace.TheBMDlosswassignificantinthetibia(胫骨)ofthelowerleg,aweight-bearingbone,butbarelychangedintheradius(桡骨)oftheforearm.“Ourresultsindicatetheneedtoinvestigatenotonlydifferentbones,butalsodifferentareasofthesamebonesincenotallsitesoftheskeleton(骨架)aresimilarlyaffectedbyspaceconditions,”theyadded.Withoutgravitythebodyisn’tbearinganyweightsothereisnoneedforcalcium(钙)whichmakesbonesstrong,anditbecomesemptyintothebloodstream.Theresearchteamsuggestedinfuturescientistsshouldtrytodetermineifthelossofbonedensitywasonlyonweight-bearingbonesonlongerflights,alsothepossiblerecoveryafterreturningtoEarth.1.FrenchscientistsdidtheirresearchonRussianastronauts,because_______.A.theyonlycaredfortheRussianastronautsB.theywerenotinterestedintheirownastronautsC.theRussiangovernmentinvitedthemtodotheirresearchD.theRussianastronautsworkedinspaceforalongtime2.Scientistshavefoundthat_______.A.theBMDlossmaycauseseriousillnesstoastronautsB.theBMDlossmaycausesomechangeinastronauts’bodiesC.astronautsshouldn’tcareabouttheBMDlossD.astronautsshouldtakesomecalciumbeforespacetravel3.WhatcausetheBMDlosstoastronauts,accordingtothispassage?A.Thefoodtheyeatinspace. B.Thedrinkstheytakeinspace.C.Thetemperatureinspace. D.Thegravityinspace.4.Inthethirdparagraph,theword“striking”means______.A.unusual B.simple C.weak D.slow(1—4DBDA)【答案与解析】本文介绍了法国对太空宇航员长期在太空飞行，会使骨里的密度减少而对骨不利的研究。1.D。细节题。根据文章第4段的定语从句whohadspentonetosixmonthsinspace可推知此题答案为D。2.B。细节题。根据文章第5段第1句TheBMDlosswassignificantinthetibia(胫骨)ofthelowerleg,aweight-bearingbone可推知此题答案为B。3.D。细节题。根据文章第6段Withoutgravity…所引起的结果，可推知此题答案为D。4.A。词义猜测题。上文提到对十五人进行研究表明在整个航行过程中骨损在继续，下文再说especiallystriking，可知是“特别明显”的事，因此选A。(9)Somespidershuntontheground,othersbuildwebstotraptheirfood,butthegrasswaterspidercatchesitspreybyrunningalongthesurfaceofthewater.Thisspecialwaterspiderlivesonthegrassybanksofstreamswheremosquitoes,damselfliesandotherinsectscometofeedandbreed.AlthoughitisoneofthelargestspidersinNewZealand,ithasanunusualability.Itdoesn’tdisturbthewaterasitwaitsforitsmeal,andthereisbarelyaripple(波纹)whenitskims(掠过)acrossthesurfaceatlightningspeedtocatchitsprey.Grasswaterspidersdealswiftlywithlargerinsectslikedamselfliesbypullingtheirheadsunderthewaterandholdingthemthereuntiltheydrown.Afterameal,thegrasswaterspiderspendsuptohalfanhourgrooming(修饰)itself.Itwipesitseighteyes,brushesitsantennae(触角),andtakesspecialcaretocleanthehairsonitsbody.Itisthehairsthattraptinybubbles(泡沫)ofairsothatthespidercanrundownablade(叶片)ofgrassandstayunderwaterforuptoanhourwhenitisfrightened.Thehairsalsokeepthespiderdry,evenunderwater.Itisonlywhenthefemalespideriscaringfortheyoungthatshedoesnothuntonthewater.Aftermating,sheproducesalargeeggsac(囊),whichshecarriesaroundforfiveweeks.Oncetheeggsstarttohatch,sheattachesthesactosomebladesofgrassorathistle.Shethentearsthesacopenandreleasesthetinyspidersintothenurseryweb.1.Howdoesthegrasswaterspiderkillitsprey?A.inaweb B.bydrowning C.bypoisoning D.withitsantennae2.thewriterdescribesthespecialspideras“special”because_______.A.itwalksonwater B.ithaseighteyesC.ofitshairyappearance D.ofthewayitproducesitsyoung3.Thepassagetellsusthatthespider______.A.feedsgrassandthistlestoitsyoung.B.livesonbladesofgrassunderthewaterC.livesinthegrassonthebanksofstreamsD.eatsamealonceeveryfiveweeks4.Thepurposeofthepassageisto_______.A.convincereadersthatspidersaredangerousB.indicatethatthegrasswaterspiderisendangeredC.listallofthespidersthatcanbefoundinNewZealandD.describethecharacteristicsofthegrasswaterspider(1—4BACD)【答案与解析】本文介绍了一种水蜘蛛的生活情况。1.B。细节题。根据文章第4段描述bypullingtheirheadsunderthewaterandholdingthemthereuntiltheydrown.可推知此题答案为B。2.A。细节题。根据文章第1段后面的并列分句byrunningalongthesurfaceofthewater.可推知此题答案为A。3.C。细节题。根据文章第2段第1句Thisspecialwaterspiderlivesonthegrassybanksofstreams可推知此题答案为C。4.D。主旨题。主文主要介绍了这种水蜘蛛的生活情况，由此可知作者的目的是要读者了解水蜘蛛的特征，所以选D。(10)Perhapsthemostfamoustheory,thestudyofbodymovement,wassuggestedbyProfessorRayBirdwhistell.Hebelievesthatphysicalappearanceisoftenculturallyprogrammed.Inotherwords,welearnourlooks—wearenotbornwiththem.Ababyhasgenerallyinformedfacefeatures.Ababy,accordingtoBirdwhistell,learnswheretosettheeyebrowsbylookingatthosearound-familyandfriends.ThishelpsexplainwhythepeopleofsomeareasoftheUnitedStateslooksomuchalike,newEnglandersorSouthernershavecertaincommonfacefeaturesthatcannotbeexplainedbygenetics(遗传学).Theexactshapeofthemouthisnotsetatbirth,itislearnedafter.Infact,thefinalmouthshapeisnotformeduntilwellafternewteethareset.Formany,thiscanbewellintogrown-ups.Ahusbandandwifetogetherforalongtimeoftencometolookalike.Welearnourlooksfromthosearoundus.Thisisperhapswhyinasinglecountryareawherepeoplesmilemorethanthoseinotherareas.IntheUnitedStates,forexample,theSouthisthepartofthecountrywherethepeoplesmilemostfrequently.InNewEnglandtheysmileless,andinthewesternpartofNewYorkStatestillless.ManysouthernersfindcitiessuchasNewYorkcoldandunfriendly,partlybecausepeopleonMadisonAvenuesmilelessthanpeopleonPeachtreeStreetinAtlanta.Georgia.PeopleinAtlanta,1.RayBirdwhistellbelievesthatphysicalappearance_______.A.haslittletodowithcultureB.hasmuchtodowithcultureC.iseverchangingD.isdifferentfromplacetoplace2.Accordingtothepassage,thefinalmouthshapeisformed_______.A.beforebirth B.assoonasone’steetharenewlysetC.sometimeafternewteethareset D.around15yearsold3.RayBirdwhistellcantellwhatareaoftheUnitedStatesapersonisfromby_______.A.howmuchheorshelaughs B.howheorsheraiseshisorhereyebrowsC.whatheorshelikesbest D.thewayheorshetalks4.Thispassagemighthavebeentakenoutofabookdealingwith________.A.physicsB.chemistry C.biology D.noneoftheabove(1—4BCAD)【答案与解析】本文介绍了人的面目不是生来注定，而是后天习得的理论。1.B。细节题。根据文章第