20182019中考英语阅读专项复习-阅读理解解题技巧

中考英语阅读理解解题技巧阅读理解解题技巧1分门别类识别文体记叙文阅读主要抓四大要素，即时间、地点、人物和事件的起因、发展和结果，以及人物之间的关系、表现，从中分析他们思想品质、性格特征等；议论文是阐明作者对人或事的好坏的立场观点，因此在阅读时必须正确把握文章的论点和论据，理清论证思路，再进行逻辑推理得出结论；应用文是最贴近日常生活的文体，它包括通知、广告、便条、申请书、个人简历，形式多样，题材各异，如图示、表格、地址、网址等，对这类文体的阅读应简明扼要地抓住所需信息，理解文章内容。2统览全篇摘录要点阅读理解是对整个文章的目的、意图、观点、立场、态度以及内在的逻辑关系的理解，而不是断章取义的一孔之见，所以统览全篇和问题是很有必要的，这些问题会给你提供信息或暗示文章中的一些重要细节。在统览全篇的同时要注意要点的摘录，因为一些显性的答案是可以从要点中直接回答，而隐性的答案则是要通过对全篇的理解才能得出。摘录要点亦有利于检查时节省时间。3开动脑筋推测词意初中英语教学基本要求规定，学生能根据上下文推测词义，并能不借助词典读懂含有3%生词的语言材料，换言之，这就是促使学生的知识内化的过程，学生要通过知识内化将内隐的心理活动转换为外显的行为，可以借助以下的几种方法完成内化过程：（1）根据上下文猜测词意。（2）根据构词法猜测词意。前缀un-表反义词，如happy、unhappy；fair、unfair；important、unimportant等。后缀-ment表名词，如develop、development；state、statement；argue、argument等。后缀-er、-or或-ist表同源名词，如calculate、calculator；visit、visitor；law、lawyer；wait、waiter；science、scientist；art、artist等。4用知识和生活经验理解短文如根据化学知识，可以理解科普读物Waterismadefromoxygenandhydrogen；根据生活经验可以理解Greenplantsletoutoxygenandbreatheincarbondioxide.还有一种方法是根据逻辑推理理解短文。逻辑推理实际上就是文章的“弦外之音”、“言下之意”。如一道中考模拟卷阅读问题，Thentheycametothesecondpicture.Theassistantwasgoingtodrawtheclothashedidbefore.Assoonashetouchedthecloth,hecried,“WonderfulIt'sthebestpictureIhaveeverseen!”据此可以推断出第二张画画的是一块布。5条分缕析理解长句长句是初中生阅读理解的难点之一，长句中通常包含并列、复合、倒装等结构，对于这类句子要分清主次，先找出句子的主、谓、宾、定、状、补，再找出修饰它的从句或短语等。如，Parentswhosechildrenshowaspecialinterestinaparticularsporthaveadifficultdecisiontomakeabouttheirchildren'scareer.先找出本句的主、谓、宾为Parentshaveadecision.再找出修饰语Whosechildrenshowaspecialinterestinaparticularsport为Parents的定语从句，difficult修饰decision，tomakeabouttheirchildren'scareers为不定式做decision的定语。经过分析，化整为零，化繁为简，此句就不难理解了。巩固练习1、RachelCarson（1907﹣1964）wasapioneeroftheworld's

environmentalmovementthroughherwritingabouttheprotectionofthenaturalworld．Her1962bookSilentSpringmadeherwellknownbymanypeople．Itdescribestheharmfulchangesintheenvironmentofusingtoxic（有害的）chemicalsonfarmland．Carson'scareerstartedasabiologistintheUSBureauofFisheries．In1951shepublishedherfirstbook．TheSeaAroundUs，whichbecameabestseller．Itmadeherrichenoughtoleaveherjobanddevoteherlifetowriting．Shewassgiftedwriter．Hernexttwobookswerealsoabouttheoceansandbothtoppedthebooksaleslists．Carson'sbookSilentSpringcompletely

changedthewayAmericathoughtaboutnature．Itpainted

ableak（荒凉的）futureforthewholenaturalworld．Itledtoanationwideban（禁止）onthe

useofadeadlychemicalcalledDDT，andothertoxicpesticides（农药）thatfarmersusedfortheircrops．ManypeoplesaythebookledtothecreationofAmerica'sEnvironmental

ProtectionAgency．Sinceherdeath．Carson's

namehascontinuedtobeconnectedwithprotectingtheenvironment．ThereisnowayearlyRachelCarsonBookPrize．NorwayawardstheRachelCarsonPrizetowomenwhohavemadegreatcontributionstothefieldofenvironmentalprotection．In1980，16years

afterherdeath，shewasawardedthePresidentialMedalofFreedom，thehighestcivilianhonourinAmerica．1．WhathappenedtoRachelCarsonin1962？A．ShestartedtowritebooksB．ShegaveupworkingassbiologistC．HerbookTheSeaAroundUssoldwellD．HerbookSilentSpringmadeherfamous

2．WhatmostprobablymadeRachelCarsonleaveherjob？A．ShegotanawardB．ShepublishedSilentSpringC．TheSeaAroundUsbroughtherenoughmoneyD．TheUSgovernmenttooknoticeofherresearches3．WhyisthebookSilentSpringimportanttoAmerica'senvironmentalprotection？A．ItdescribesasilentspringB．IttoppedthebooksaleslistsC．ItchangeedhowAmericathoughtaboutnatureD．ItincludesallCarson'sresearchachievements4．Whatdoestheunderlineword"It"inParagraph3mean？A．ThebookSilentSpringB．ThewayAmericathoughtC．TheUSBureauofFisheriesD．America'sEnvironmentalProtectionAgency5．WhywasRachelCarsonawardedthePresidentialMedalofFreedom？A．ShepublishedthebooksilentspringB．ShedidalotofresearchesfortheUSBureauofFisheriesC．ShedonatedmuchmoneytotheRachelCarson

BookPrizeD．Shemadegreatcontributionstotheenvironmentalprotection．2、DearMum:TodayI’mgoingtotellyousomethingreallyspecial.Iknowyouworkveryhardandfeeltiredeveryday.Everytimeyoucomehomeandseethemessy(杂乱的)house.Iknowyouareveryangrywithme.Butyoualwayssaynothingandcleanupthehouse.Ialwayswanttohelpyou,butIhavesomuchhomeworktodo.AfterIfinishmyhomework,Ifeellikedying.Ireallywanttohelpyou,butI’msotiredtoo.Ialsowanttotellyouonething,Iloveyousomuch.IusuallytalkbacktoyouwhenyousaythatIdon’tstudyhardenough.ButinfactIjustwantyoutopraise（赞扬）memore.Iwilltrymybesttogetgoodgradesandgetpraisefrommyteacher.Sodon’tfeelfrustrated（失望）aboutmygrades,OK?IhavemadeupmymindthatIwillstudyharderandhelpyoutocleanthehouse.Iamseriousthistime.IwillhavemyhomeworkdonefastersothatIcanhavemoreenergytocleanthehouse.IwillwatchTVlesssothatIcanhavemoretimetostudyandgetgoodgrades.Allthesethingsareforonereason:IwanttomakeyouhappyMum.Iloveyou!WithlotsofloveSally(

)1.WhyisSally’smotherangrywithSallywhenshecomesbackfromwork?A.Becauseshedoesn’tstudyhard.B.Becausesheisn’tgoodatEnglish.C.Becauseshedoesn’tcleanthehouse.D.Becauseshedoesn’tfinishherhomework.(

)2.WhatdoesSally’smotherthinkabouther?A.ShethinksSallyisverylazy.B.Shefeelsfrustratedabouther.C.ShethinksSallystudiesveryhard.D.ShethinksSallyisabadgirl.(

)3.WhatdoesSallywant?A.Enoughmoney

B.EnoughfreetimeC.Goodgradesandpraise

D.Enoughgoodfood.(

)4.WhydoesSallywanttodoherhomeworkfaster?A.BecauseshewillhaveenoughtimetowatchTV.B.Becausesheisinterestedindoinghomework.C.Becauseshehasmanyimportantthingstodo.D.Becauseshecanhavemoreenergytodosomecleaniginherhouse.(

)35.WhichofthefollowingisWRONG?A.Sallyfeelsverytiredaftershefinishesherhomework.B.Sallylovehermotherdeeply.C.Sally’steacherfeelsfrustratedabouther.D.Shallywantstomakemotherhappy.3、PeoplecalltheWinterOlympicstheWhiteOlympics.Atthistime,theypublish(发行)manystampstomark(标志)thegreatgames.ThefirststampscameoutonJanuary25th,1932intheUnitedStatesforthe3rdWhiteOlympics.Fromthenon(从那时起),publishingstampsduringtheWhiteOlympicsbecamearule.Duringthe4thWinterOlympics,peoplepublishedagroupofstampsinNovember1936.TheydrewfiveringsofOlympics.Itwasthefirsttimethattheringsappeared(出现)onthestampsoftheWhiteOlympics.Inthe1950s，thestampsofthiskindbecamemorecolorful.WhentheWhiteOlympicscame,thehostcountriesaswellasnon-hostcountriespublishedstampstomarkthosegames.ChinaalsopublishedfourstampsinFebruary1980whentheChinesesportsmenbegantotakepartintheWhiteOlympics.InAsia,JapanwastheonlycountrytoholdtheWhiteOlympics.Theysold14,500millionstampsduringtheOlympics.Peopledrewdifferentkindsofsportsonthesesmallstamps,andtheyenjoyedthewonderfulsportsandsomeexcellentplayers.1.TheWhiteOlympicsandtheWinterOlympics____.A.arethesamething

B.aredifferentgamesC.arenotheldinwinter

D.areheldinsummer2.Theworldmadeitaruletopublishstampstomarkthegreatworldgames____.A.aftertheyear1936

B.afterthe3rdWhiteOlympicsC.beforethe3rdWhiteOlympics

D.beforetheyear19323.TheWinterOlympicsisheld(被举行)once____.A.everytwoyears

B.everythreeyearsC.everyfouryears

D.everyfiveyears4.WhichofthefollowingisTRUE?A.Onlythehostcountriescanpublishstampstomarkthosegames.B.Onlythenon-hostcountriescanpublishstampstomarkthosegames.C.Allthecountriescanpublishstampstomarkthosegames.D.Japancan’tpublishstampstomarkthosegames.5.Whatmayappear(出现)onthestampsoftheWhiteOlympics?A.Basketball.

B.Tabletennis.

C.Football.

D.Skating.4、

TheUnitedStateshasmanydifferentkindsofclimates（气候）.Onthenorthwestcoast（海岸）,thetemperaturechangesverylittlebetweensummerandwinter,butthenorthcentral（中部的）stateshaveaverydifferentkindofclimate.Inthosestates,peoplewearlightclothesinsummer,andtheyneedheavywoolenclothesinwinter.

Inthesouthwestcoast,theclimateisrainyandwarmduringthewinter,butthesummerisdryandhot.

InthenortheastoftheUnitedStates,summertemperaturesareverydifferentfromwintertemperatures.Summerisusuallyhot,andwinterisusuallycold.Springtemperaturesarewarm,andfalltemperaturesarecool.

Yearsago,peopleinthecoldpartsoftheUnitedStatesdidn’toftengetfresh（新鲜的）vegetablesandfreshfruitsduringthesummer.Today,however（然而），trucksandtrainscarryfruitsandvegetablesveryquicklytoallpartsoftheUnitedStates.Inthisway,Americans“sendtheirclimates”topeopleinotherstates.

1.Thesummerandwintertemperaturesarealmostthesame_________.

A.inthenortheasternstates

B.onthenorthcentralstates

C.inthewesternstates

D.onthenorthwestcoast

2.Theword“fall”inthispassagemeans________.

A.drop

B.down

C.autumn

D.spring

3.Todaypeople___________cangetfreshvegetablesandfruits.

A.inthenorthcentralstates

B.ineverypartoftheU.S.A.

C.inthecoldpartsoftheU.S.A.

D.inthesouthwestpartoftheU.S.A.

4.FromthispassageweknowthattheclimateoftheUnitedStates_________.

A.isalwaysverycold

B.iswarminwinter

C.iswidelydifferent

D.changesverylittlebetweensummerandwinter

5.FromParagraph2weknowthattheclimateofthesouthwestcoastis________.

A.Maritime（海洋性）climate

B.Savanna（热带草原）climate

C.Mediterranean（地中海）climate

D.Tropicalrainforest（热带雨林）climate5、Wheneverthesundroppedandtheblueskycameup,myfatherandIusedtoclimbthemountainnearmyhouse.Walkingtogether,myfatherandIusedtohavealotofconversationsthroughwhichIlearnedlessonsfromhisexperiences.Healwaystoldme,“Youshouldhavegoalslikeclimbingthemountain.”Withoutthemountain-climbingthatwebothenjoyed.Wecouldn’thaveenoughtimetospendtogetherbecausemyfatherwasverybusy.Ireallygotalotfrommountain-climbing.Itgavemetimetotalkwithmyfatherandtobeindeepthoughtaswellasdevelopmypatience(耐力).Onceweclimbedaveryhighmountain.ItwassochallengingformebecauseIwasonlytenyearsold.Duringthefirstfewhoursofclimbing.Ienjoyedtheflowersandtrees,andthebirds’singing,butastimepassed,Igotapaininbothofmylegs.Iwantedtoquitclimbing.Infact,Ihateditatthatmountain,butmyfathersaidtome,“Youcanalwaysseeabeautifulskyatthetopofthemountain,butyoucan’tseeitbeforeyoureachthetop.Onlythereatthetop,canyouseeallofthenicethings,justlikeinlife.”Atthattime,Iwastooyoungtounderstandhiswords.Butlaterafterthat,Igotnewhopeandconfidence.Ifoundmyselfstandingatthetopofthesky,whichwasasclearascrystal(水晶).1.Thepassagetellsusthatmountain-climbingwas_____forFatherandSon.A.hard

B.enjoyable

C.painful

D.comfortable2.Theword“quit”inthepassagemeans“______”.A.carryon

B.putoffC.giveupD.pickup3.Whichofthefollowingistheclosest(最接近的)inmeaningtothefather’swordsinthesecondparagraph?A.Youwillgetallyouneedatthetopofthemountain.B.Theskyisalwaysasclearascrystal.C.Youcanfindlifeisfullofnicethings.D.Nevergiveuphalf-way.4.Wecaninfer(推断)fromthelastparagraphthat______.A.thewriterwasverysuccessfulinhislifeB.thewriterreachedthetopofthemountainC.thoughthewriterwasyoung,hecouldunderstandhisfatherD.thewriterusedtostophalf-waywhenheclimbedthemountain5.Thebesttitle(题目)forthepassageis“______”.A.ReachingtheTopoftheMountainB.StandingattheTopoftheMountainC.ConversationsbetweenFatherandSonD.HowtoGettotheTopoftheMountain6、Kate:Ilikerunningverymuch.It’sgoodexercise.Myparentsbothlikerunning,too.Weusuallygetupearlyinthemorningandruntogether.Itisgoodforone'slegs,heartandlungs.Ithelpsonetohaveastrongbody.Mumsays

thatsheshouldthankrunningbecauseithelpshertogetthinner.Runningisfun.Itcanmakeonehappy.Therearemanydifferentwaysforonetorun.Onecanruninaschoolorinapark.Onecanjoinarunningclubtorunandmakenewfriends,too.ChenFeng:Ilikeballgames,likefoot-ball,basketballandtennis.Andbasketballismyfavorite.IoftenplaybasketballwithmyfriendsonSundaymorningswhenwearefreeandtheweatherisnice.Ijoinedmyschoolteamlastyear.AndIcanplayitverywellnow.ThereisgoingtobeabasketballgamebetweenNo.1MiddleSchoolandourschoolinourschoolnextSaturday.Manystudentsaregoingtocheeruson.Ourteachersaysthatshewillbuysomepresentsforusifwewin.Ihopewecanwinthegame.(

)1.Kateandhisparentsusually______togetherinthemorning.

A.leavehome

B.run

C.playgames

D.havebreakfast(

)2.Kate'smotherthinksthat________.

A.runningiscool

B.Katedislikesrunning

C.runningisaspopularasswimming

D.runningmakeshergetthinner(

)3.ChenFeng_______.

A.likesfootballbest

B.hopestowinthefootballgame

C.isamemberoftheschoolbasketballteam

D.playsbasketballwithhisfriendsonthemorningsofweekends(

)4.ChenFeng'steacherisgoingto_______ifChenFeng'steamwinsthegame.

A.tellthemastory

B.buysomepresentsforthem

C.singasongforthem

D.cookdeliciousfoodforthem(

)5.BothChenFengandKate_______.

A.likesports

B.wanttomakenewfriends

C.likeballgames

D.aremiddleschoolteachers7、WelcometoLondon!Nowletmetellyousomethingaboutthiswonderfulcity.London,thecapitaloftheUnitedKingdom,isthebiggestcityinWesternEuropewithover7millionpeople.ItsitsbytheRiverThames.Londonhasahistoryofmorethan2000years.Becauseallovertheworldarefamiliarwiththecity'sreddoubledecker(双层的)busesandblacktaxis.PeopleTheBritishEmpireusedtorulearoundtheworld,somanypeoplefromaroundtheworldmovedtoLondon.Theyhavebroughtwiththemtheirownlanguagesandcultures.Morethan300differentlanguagesarespokeninLondon.CultureLondonisknownforitsmuseums.OneimportantmuseumisBritishMuseum.Itistheoldestpublicmuseumintheworld.TherearetwomainartmuseumsinLondon:theNationalGalleryandtheTateGallery.Besides,Londonisalsohometoarts,suchastheatreandmusic.TheGlobeTheatre,whichwaspopularinthelate16thand17thcenturies,wasopenedforperformancesofWilliamShakespeare'scentralLondon.TouristattractionsLondonhasmanywonderfulplacestovisit.Forexample,thewellknownClockTower,a320foothightower,wascalledtheBigBen.AnotherfamousLondonbuildingisBuckinghamPalace.Themembersofroyal(皇家的)familyofEnglandlivethere.Besides,HydeParkisthelargestopenareaincentralLondon.(

)1.What'sthepopulationofLondon?A.Lessthan7million.

B.Only7million.C.Morethan7million.

D.Nearly7million.(

)2.HowmanymuseumsarethereinLondonaccordingtothepassage?A.two

B.three

C.four

D.five(

)3.ThemembersofroyalfamilyofEnglandlivein________.A.theBigBen

B.BuckinghamPalaceC.HydePark

D.BritishMuseum(

)4.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentioned(提及)inthepassage?A.TheLocationofLondon.B.ThehistoryofLondon.C.TheinterestingplacesinLondon.D.ThefoodinLondon.(

)5.Fromthepassage,wecanknowthat________.A.morethan300differentlanguagesarespokeninLondonB.theGlobeTheatrehaslessthan300years'historyC.theBigBenisa320foothighclockD.LondonisthebiggestcityinEurope8、Canyouimagineapairofshoesthatcouldtiethemselves?Allyouwouldhavetodoistoputthemonandpushabutton(按钮).Well,thisideaisbecomingarealreality.TheshoecompanyNikecreatedtheself-tyingshoe!ThisideafirstcamefromthemovieBacktotheFutureⅡ,andNikehasbeenworkingforyearstocreate(创造)ashoethatcandothisinreallife.TheyhavefinallydoneitwithNikeHyperAdapt1.0.Sohowdotheywork?AccordingtoNike,theshoeis“poweredbyanunderfoot-lacingmechanism(脚下系带装置)”.Thisiskindoflikeasmallmotor(发动机)thathasthepowertolacetheshoes.Allthewearerhastodoistoputthemon,andatfirst,theshoesareveryloose(松的).Butthenyoucanpushthe“+”button,andtheshoeswilltightentobetheperfectfitforthewearer.Totakethemoff,allyouhavetodoistopushthe“-”button,andtheshoeswillbeeasilyoff.Theyhaven’tbeenreleasedtothepublicyet,andthecostoftheshoesisstillunknown.Butyoumightbeabletogetapairofyourownclosertotheholidayseasonthisyear.1.Thebesttitletodescribethemainideaofthepassageis“”.A.ShoesofthefuturearecomingthemselvesB.Shoesofthefuturearenowareality

C.TheshoecompanyNikeanditsmovieD.Shoesandmoviesaredoingtheirwork2.WhendidtheshoecompanyNikestartcreatingtheself-tyingshoe?A.Notuntiltheimaginationcameintobeing.

B.SoonaftertheshoecompanyNikewasfound.C.AfterthemovieBacktotheFutureⅡwasshown.D.BeforethemovieBacktotheFutureⅡwasshown.3.Whatmakestheself-tyingshoework?A.Anunderfoot-lacingmechanism.B.ThepowerfromNike.C.NikeHyperAdapt1.0.

D.Settingasmallbuttonwithamotor.4.Thefirstthingforthewearertodoafterputtingtheshoesonisto.A.makethemloose

B.maketheperfectfitC.pushthe“-”button

D.pushthe“+”button9、Withoutproperplanning,tourism(旅游业）cancauseproblems.Forexample,toomanytouristscancrowdpublicplacesthatarealsoenjoyedbythelocalpeopleofacountry.Iftouristscreatetoomuchtraffic,thelocalpeoplebecomeunhappy.Theybegintodisliketouristsandtotreatthemimpolitely.Theyforgethowmuchtourismcanhelpthecountry’seconomy(经济).Itisimportanttothinkaboutthepeopleofadestinationcountryandhowtourismaff