2协议基础实现hc rip

RIP路由协议Page2前言RIP路由协议是一种距离矢量路由协议，在小规模网络中应用较多，本文对RIP路由协议的两个版本RIPv1和RIPv2做了详细介绍，并介绍了RIP的常用配置命令。Page3培训目标学完本课程后，您应该能：掌握RIP协议的基本原理掌握RIPv1和RIPv2的异同掌握RIP协议的配置Page4RIP路由协议概述RIP：RoutingInformationProtocol（路由信息协议）一种距离矢量路由协议，属于IGP协议RIP协议适用于中小型网络，有RIPv1和RIPv2两个版本使用UDP进行路由信息的交互，目标端口号520RIP支持：水平分割、毒性逆转和触发更新Page5RIP路由表的初始化初始化路由表－－－－－－－－－－－－NET1NET2初始化路由表－－－－－－－－－－－－RequestResponseRTARTBPage6RIP路由表的更新RoutingTable目标网络下一跳N1CN2DN3ERoutingTable目标网络下一跳N4FRoutingTable目标网络下一跳N1CN2DN3EN4B路由更新RoutingTable目标网络下一跳N1AN2AN3AN4FResponseResponseRTARTBRTARTBPage7RIPv1vs.RIPv2RIPv1为有类别路由协议，不支持VLSM和CIDR以广播的形式发送报文不支持验证RIPv2为无类别路由协议，支持VLSM，支持路由聚合与CIDR支持以广播或者组播（224.0.0.9）的形式发送报文支持明文验证和MD5密文验证Page8RIPv1报文格式CommandversionUnused(settoallzeros)AddressFamilyIdentifierUnused(settoallzeros)IPaddressUnused(settoallzeros)Unused(settoallzeros)MetricMultiplefields,uptomaximumof25AddressFamilyIdentifierUnused(settoallzeros)IPaddressUnused(settoallzeros)Unused(settoallzeros)Metric路由条目路由条目081631Page9RIPv2报文格式CommandversionUnused(settoallzeros)AddressFamilyIdentifierRoutetagIPaddressSubnetmaskNexthopMetricMultiplefields,uptomaximumof25AddressFamilyIdentifierRoutetagIPaddressSubnetmaskNexthopMetric路由条目路由条目081631Page10RIP基本配置举例[RTA]rip[RTA-rip-1]version2[RTA-rip-1]network192.168.1.0[RTA-rip-1]network172.16.0.0[RTB]rip[RTB-rip-1]version2[RTB-rip-1]network192.168.1.0[RTB-rip-1]network192.168.2.0[RTC]rip[RTC-rip-1]version2[RTC-rip-1]network192.168.2.0[RTC-rip-1]network10.0.0.0192.168.1.0/30192.168.2.0/30.1.2.1.2RTARTBRTCL0:172.16.1.1/32L0:10.1.1.1/32Page11显示RIP信息<[RTA]displayripPublicVPN-instancename:RIPprocess:1RIPversion:RIP-2Preference:100Checkzero:EnabledDefault-cost:0Summary:EnabledHostroutes:EnabledMaximumnumberofbalancedpaths:6Updatetime:30secAgetime:180secSuppresstime:0secGarbage-collecttime:120secSilentinterfaces:NoneDefaultroutes:DisabledVerify-source:EnabledNetworks:192.168.1.0172.16.0.0Configuredpeers:NoneTriggeredupdatessent:2Numberofroutechanges:2Numberofrepliestoqueries:1Page12显示RIP路由[RTA]displayrip1routeRouteFlags:R-RIP,T-TRIPP-Permanent,A-Aging,S-Suppressed,G-Garbage-collect Peer192.168.1.2onSerial0/0/1Destination/MaskNexthopCostTagFlagsSec192.168.2.0/30192.168.1.210RA1210.1.1.1/32192.168.1.220RA12RIP邻居地址，与邻居相连的接口无类别路由和变长的子网掩码到目的网段的度量，即跳数Page13配置RIP版本[RTA-rip-1]version2[RTA-Serial0/0/1]ripversion2multicast[Quidway]displayrip1PublicVPN-instancename:RIPprocess:1RIPversion:RIP-2

RIP的版本号为2192.168.1.0/30192.168.2.0/30.1.2.1.2RTARTBRTCL0:172.16.1.1/32L0:10.1.1.1/32Page14RIP路由聚合路由聚合是指：同一自然网段内的不同子网的路由在向外（其它网段）发送时聚合成一条自然掩码的路由发送。路由聚合对RIPv1不起作用。RIPv2支持无类地址域间路由。缺省情况下，RIPv2启用路由聚合功能；当需要将所有VLSM路由广播出去时，可关闭RIPv2的路由聚合功能。Page15RIP路由自动有类聚合[RTB-rip-1]displayrip1routeRouteFlags:R-RIP,T-TRIPP-Permanent,A-Aging,S-Suppressed,G-Garbage-collect

Peer192.168.1.1onSerial0/0/0Destination/MaskNexthopCostTagFlagsSec192.168.1.0/24192.168.1.110RA20172.16.0.0/16192.168.1.110RA20……L0:172.16.1.1/32L1:172.16.1.2/32L2:172.16.1.3/32192.168.1.0/30.1.2RTARTB[RTA-rip-1]summary聚合后路由Page16取消RIP路由自动有类聚合[RTB]displayrip1routeRouteFlags:R-RIP,T-TRIPP-Permanent,A-Aging,S-Suppressed,G-Garbage-collect

Peer192.168.1.1onSerial0/0/0Destination/MaskNexthopCostTagFlagsSec192.168.1.0/30192.168.1.110RA21172.16.1.3/32192.168.1.110RA21172.16.1.2/32192.168.1.110RA21172.16.1.1/32192.168.1.110RA21[RTA-rip-1]network172.16.0.0[RTA-rip-1]undosummaryL0:172.16.1.1/32L1:172.16.1.2/32L2:172.16.1.3/32192.168.1.0/30.1.2RTARTBPage17RIP路由手动聚合L0:172.16.1.1/32L1:172.16.1.2/32L2:172.16.1.3/32192.168.1.0/30.1.2RTARTB[RTA-Serial0/0/0]ripsummary-address172.16.1.0255.255.255.252手动聚合后路由<RTB>displayrip1routeRouteFlags:R-RIP,T-TRIPP-Permanent,A-Aging,S-Suppressed,G-Garbage-collect

Peer192.168.1.1onSerial0/0/0Destination/MaskNexthopCostTagFlagsSec192.168.1.0/30192.168.1.110RA8172.16.1.0/24192.168.1.110RA8S0/0/0S0/0/0Page18RIP协议优先级[RTA-rip-1]preference?INTEGER<1-255>ValueofPreference[RTA-rip-1]preference150[RTA-rip-1]displayiprouting-tableRoutingTable:publicnetDestination/MaskProtocolPreCostNexthopInterface172.16.0.0/16RIP1500127.0.0.1InLoopBack0192.168.1.0/24RIP1501192.168.1.2Serial0/0/0更改RIP协议优先级的命令，优先级大小范围为1～255，默认为100Page19引入外部路由192.168.1.0/30.1.2RTARTB[RTA-rip]import-routedirectcost10[RTB-rip-1]disrip1routeRouteFlags:R-RIP,T-TRIPP-Permanent,A-Aging,S-Suppressed,G-Garbage-collect

Peer192.168.1.1onSerial0/0/0Destination/MaskNexthopCostTagFlagsSec192.168.1.0/30192.168.1.110RA15192.168.1.2/32192.168.1.1110RA15172.16.1.3/32192.168.1.1110RA15172.16.1.2/32192.168.1.1110RA15172.16.1.1/32192.168.1.1110RA15引入得到的路由，开销为11L0:172.16.1.1/32L1:172.16.1.2/32L2:172.16.1.3/32Page20接口附加度量值192.168.1.0/30.1.2RTARTB[RTA-Serial0/0/0]ripmetricin5度量值为1+5=6L0:172.16.1.1/32L1:172.16.1.2/32L2:172.16.1.3/32[RTA]displayrip1routeRouteFlags:R-RIP,T-TRIPP-Permanent,A-Aging,S-Suppressed,G-Garbage-collect

Peer192.168.1.2onSerial0/0/0Destination/MaskNexthopCostTagFlagsSec10.1.1.1/32192.168.1.260RA16L0:10.1.1.1/32Page21接口附加度量值192.168.1.0/30.1.2RTARTB[RTA-Serial0/0/0]ripmetricout4[RTB]displayrip1routeRouteFl