氨的反复变色喷泉实验新设计【精品-】

氨的反复变色喷泉实验新设计

一、实验目的

1.激发学生学习兴趣，活泼学生思维，提高学生设计实验的能力。2.研讨氨的喷泉实验的教学方法。

二、实验用品

20×200mm硬质试管1支，酒精灯1盏，铁架台(附铁夹和铁圈)1付，500mL圆底烧瓶1只，500mL矿泉水塑料瓶(或洗涤剂塑料瓶)2只，止水夹3只，Y型管1支，带单孔橡皮塞的尖嘴玻璃导管1支，带单孔橡皮塞的直导管2支；NH4Cl晶体，Ca(OH)2粉未，3%CuSO4溶液，1%酚酞试液，红色石蕊试纸。三、实验原理

2NH4Cl+Ca(OH)2==2NH3↑+H2O+CaCl2NH3+H2O==NH3•H2O==NH4++OH-2CuSO4+2NH3•H2O==(NH4)2SO4+Cu2(OH)2SO4↓Cu2(OH)2SO4+8NH3==2[Cu(NH3)4]2++SO42-+2OH-CuSO4+H2O==Cu(OH)2+H2SO42NH3•H2O+H2SO4==(NH4)2SO4+2H2O四、实验步骤

图氨的反复变色喷泉实验装置1、酚酞溶液2、3%CuSO4溶液3、小孔4、氨气a、b、c为止水夹

1.用向下排气法收集一烧瓶干燥的氨气，然后塞紧带尖嘴玻璃导管的橡皮塞。

2.将10滴1%酚酞试液滴入矿泉水塑料瓶里，再加入约300mL自来水，并振荡、混合均匀。再向另一矿泉水塑料瓶里加入约300mL3%CuSO4溶液。

3.按图所示连接圆底烧瓶和矿泉水塑料瓶。

4.实验开始时，打开止水夹a和b，用拇指堵住盛放酚酞溶液的矿泉水塑料瓶上部的小孔，并挤压出数滴溶液进入圆底烧瓶内，立即松开手，可见圆底烧瓶内产生红色喷泉。

图氨的反复变色喷泉实验装置1、酚酞溶液2、3%CuSO4溶液3、小孔4、氨气a、b、c为止水夹

5.当圆底烧瓶内约有1/4体积的红色溶液时，关闭止水夹b，同时打开止水夹c，立即见到蓝色喷泉产生,仔细观察实验现象。

6.当圆底浇瓶内有约3/4体积的混合液时，再打开止水夹b,同时关闭止水夹c，可见无色喷泉产生(瓶内氨气基本反应完全)，直到圆底烧瓶内溶液近满时，喷泉才停止。图氨的反复变色喷泉实验装置1、酚酞溶液2、3%CuSO4溶液3、小孔4、氨气a、b、c为止水夹五、注意事项

1.实验装置气密性要好。特别是单孔橡皮塞要与圆底烧瓶口配套、塞紧、不漏气。

2.圆底烧瓶内部要干燥；收集的氨气应干燥而充满瓶中。

3.尖嘴玻璃导管口径大小应适中，以2mm左右为宜，可维持喷泉有一定时间。每个矿泉水塑料瓶上部都应打一口径适中的小孔。否则，溶液喷不上去。

4.硫酸铜溶液的浓度不宜过大。否则，既浪费试剂又使烧瓶里的溶液颜色变化不易调控。

5.控制溶液先后喷入顺序和喷入量，可产生不同颜色层次的喷泉现象。如先挤入硫酸溶液时，将会先产生深蓝色喷泉。

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