新编大学英语1 Unit01

PersonalRelationshipsPersonalRelationshipsPersonalRelationships“Lifeisyourstowin:Learntherules,playthegame,andtowintheprize.”BobEubanksBackgroundInformation

Allofusareinvolvedinpersonalrelationships.Someofthesearerelatedtofamily,somewithfellowstudentsorworkers,andothersofavarietyoftypes.Mostofthesearehappy,positiverelationships,butnotallofthem.Tohaveapositiverelationshipapersonmustinvesttimeandinterestintheotherpersonswithwhomheisassociated.Weallunderstandthatourfeelingsandinterestinotherpersonsdependsomewhatonwhatwehaveincommon.Goodrelationshipsareusuallyvaluedbecausepeoplewhohavegoodrelationshipsarehappierandmorefuntobewith.Listentoapassageandanswerquestions:Wordsyouneedtoknow:

acquaintance

熟人

intimate亲密的harmonious和谐的 tolerate容忍

Questions:1.Accordingtothepassage,whatistheword“friend”?2.Whydoeseveryoneneedfriendship?3.Whydomodernpeopleattachmoreimportancetofriendship?Itcoversawiderangeofmeaningsasaclassmate,anoddingacquaintance,acoworker,etc.Weneedhelpfrom,andalsogivehelpto,others.

Aslifeisfullofdifficultiesandconflict,weneedfriendstosupportandhelpusandgiveuswarningsagainstdanger.WeNeedFriendsTheword,“friend”,coversawiderangeofmeanings.Itcanbeanoddingacquaintance,aclassmate,apartner,aplaymate,oranintimatecolleague.Everyoneneedsfriendship.Noonecansailtheoceanoflifesingle-handed.Weneedhelpfrom,andalsogivehelpto,others.Inmoderntimes,peopleattachmoreimportancetorelationshipsandconnections.Aslifeisfullofdifficultiesandconflict,weneedfriendstosupportandhelpus.Ourfriendsgiveuswarningsagainstdanger.Ourfriendsofferusadvicewithregardtohowtodealwithvarioussituations.Truefriendssharenotonlyourjoysbutalsooursorrows.Withfriendship,lifeishappyandharmonious.Withoutfriendship,lifeissadandunfortunate.Withfriends,weknowwhattotreasure,whattotolerateandwhattoshare.Iwillneverforgetmyoldfriendsandkeepmakingnewfriends.Iwillshowmyconcernforthem,evenifitisonlyacomfortingword.TheGiftofLifeWillyougiveyourtime,favoritebooks,moneyorbloodtoafriend?

Iwouldbewillingtogiveanythingtomybestfriend.Astomycasualfriends,Iwouldgivemytimeandbloodtothemwhentheyarereallyneeded.ButIwouldnotgivemymoneyorfavoritebookstothem.IftheyreallyneedmoneyorlikemybooksIwouldlendsomemoneyorbookstothem.Anyway,Iwouldreadilygivehelptomyfriendswhenitisneededbecause“afriendinneedisafriendindeed”.2.Whoreleasedthebombswhichlandedinthesmallorphanage?Andwhoofferedmedicalhelptothewounded?

Itwasnotexactlystatedthatwhichsidereleasedthebombs.ButbasedonthefactthattheintrudertoVietnamwasAmericantroops,wecouldfairlysaytheywereAmericanAirForce.ThemedicalhelpwasayoungAmericanNavydoctorandaNavynurse.SoitwasquiteironicthatboththedestroyingpartandtheprotectingpartcamefromAmerica.No.Afterthemomentoftheinsertion,heletoutalongsob.Andafterafewmomentsanothersobescaped,buthewasalwaystryingtocoveruphiscrying.Finallyhisoccasionalsobturnedtoasteady,silentcrying.Heng’ssobbingandsilentcryingsuggestedthathewasterrifiedandfrightenedbydeath,butatthesametimehewouldratherlaydownhislifeforhisfriend.3.DidHengcryloudlyassoonastheneedlewasinsertedintohisarms?

context(para.1~2)whenwherewhowhat

inVietnamWarinasmallvillageseveralchildren,includingoneyounggirlBombslandedintheorphanageandsomechildrenwerewounded.1)Medicalhelparrivedandtheyfoundtheyounggirlneededblood.(Para.3)2)Onlyseveralchildrenhadthecorrectbloodtype.(Para.4)

3)Becauseoflanguagebarrier,theyhaddifficultiesinaskingthechildrenforblood.(Para.5)4)Hengwaswillingtogivebloodbuthewasalwayssobbingandthencryingsilentlyduringtheoperation.(Para.6~13)5)UnderthehelpoftheVietnamesenurse,theAmericansknewthereason.

Hengthoughtthathewoulddie,buthestilldiditbecauseshewashisfriend.(Para.14~Para.18)

Intimeorder,whathappenednext?(para.3~18)

meaningofthestory

(para.19)Thereisnolovegreaterthanthis,thatapersonlaydownhis/herlifeforafriend.Nobodyknowswhatthesebombsweresupposedto

hitduringtheterribleVietnamWar,buttheylandedinasmallorphanagerunbyamissionarygroup.(Line1)besupposedtodo…

应该做······，理应做······

在可怕的越南战争期间，谁也不知道这些炸弹要轰炸什么目标，而它们却落在了一所由传教士办的小孤儿院内。Everystudentissupposedto

beintheclassroombefore8o’clock.所有学生8点以前应该到教室。情人节你不应该送她康乃馨，你该送她玫瑰。OnValentine’sDay,youarenotsupposedto

sendhercarnations.Youaresupposedtosendroses.2.…itwasclearthat

withoutimmediateaction,shewoulddiefromlossofbloodandshock.(Line9)

itisclear+主语从句…很显然，很清楚，显而易见

此句型中clear

常可被其他形容词替换如：itisobvious

that,itistrue

that,itisevident

that等

显然你没有得到她的青睐，否则，她不会拒绝你的邀请。Itisclear

that

youdidn’twinheraffection,otherwiseshewouldn’trejectyourinvitation.Itistrue

that

withoutEnglishcourse,collegelifemaybecomemucheasier.Butitisobviousthat

youcan’tkeeppacewiththemodernsocietyifyoudon’tstudyEnglish.没有英语课，大学生活确实会轻松很多。但是不学英语，你显然不能适应现代社会的需要。2.Itwasclearthat

withoutimmediateaction,shewoulddiefromlossofbloodandshock.(Line9)如果不能立即采取行动，显然她将因失血过多和休克而死亡。3.Usingwhatlittlecommonlanguagetheycouldfind,togetherwith

alotofsignlanguage,theytriedtoexplain

tothefrightenedchildrenthatunlesstheycouldgivesomebloodtotheirlittlefriendshewouldcertainlydie.(Line16)1.Using+宾语从句在句中作状语2.

togetherwith

相当于aswellas，与前面短语一起作状语3.

theytriedtoexplain…是句子的主语和谓语部分4.

thefrightenedchildren是句子的一个宾语（间接宾语）5.

unlesstheycouldgive…既是句子的直接宾语又是后面句子的条件从句3.Using

whatlittlecommonlanguagetheycouldfind,togetherwith

alotofsignlanguage,theytriedtoexplain

tothesefrightenedchildrenthatunless

theycouldgivesomebloodtotheirlittlefriendshewouldcertainlydie.(Line16)医生和护士用少得可怜的一点共同语言，结合大量的手势语，努力向这些受惊吓的孩子们解释说，除非他们能输一些血给自己的小伙伴，否则她将必死无疑。4.Hengwasquicklylaidonabed,hisarmcleanedwithalcohol,andtheneedleinsertedintohisarm.(Line27)此句中

hisarmcleanedwithalcohol

和

theneedleinsertedintohisarm是独立主格结构。独立主格结构在句中作状语，有自己的逻辑主语,表示一种伴随的动作或情况。

独立主格结构主语+副词介词短语现在分词过去分词动词不定式

+其他形容词短语Shelayonherback,___________________________.她脸朝天头枕着交叉的手躺着。_____________,shehastotakecareofthefamily.妈妈病了，她得承担起照顾全家的责任。herhandscrossedundertheheadMotherbeingill____________________,wehadtogotowork.钟已敲过，我们不得不去工作了。Theclockhavingstruck（伴随状语）（原因状语）（时间状语）Hehasbeenworkingveryhard,____________________________.他工作一直很努力，第一部小说即将发表。hisfirstnoveltobepublishedsoonTherearefourfactoriesinthisregion,_____________________.这个地区有四个工厂，每个有200名工人。

eachhaving200workers

（结果状语）（同位语）与句子相比，独立主格结构短小精干，常使句子言简意赅，也使文章的句式丰富多彩Hengwasquicklylaidonabed,hisarmcleanedwith

alcohol.Hengwasquicklylaidonabed,andhisarmwascleanedwith

alcohol.试比较4.Hengwasquicklylaidonabed,hisarmcleanedwithalcohol,andtheneedleinsertedintohisarm.(Line27)Heng很快被抱到一张床上，手臂用酒精消了毒，并且针插进了他的胳膊。5.Themedicalteamnowwasveryworriedbecausetheneedleshouldnothavebeenhurting

theirtinypatient.(Line42)should+

have

+

过去分词

这一结构的肯定形式表示本应该做却没有做；其否定形式表示某种行为不该发生却发生了。She

shouldn’thaveleft

thehospitalsosoon,forshehadnotyetrecovered.她不该那么早就出院，因为她还没有康复。You

shouldhavegot

MarkAinyourfinalexaminationbutyourhandwritingistoobad.你本可以在期末考试中得A,但是你的字写得太糟。5.Themedicalteamnowwasveryworriedbecausetheneedleshouldnothavebeenhurting

theirtinypatient.(Line42)现在医疗小组非常担忧，因为针不该使他们的小病人一直感到疼痛。

Ifyoubreakthelaw,youmustbepreparedtosuffer

theconsequences.你如果违犯法律，就必须准备承担后果。

ThatyoungmanhadtosuffertheinjuriescausedbythechemicalweaponsleftbyJapanesetroopsinWorldWarII.那个年轻人不得不去承受日军在二战期间遗留的化学武器给他造成的伤害。1)vt.

忍受，容忍，承受，耐住1.suffer

(Line5):feelorhavepain,loss,etc.

BoxinglegendMohammedAlisuffersfrom

thediseaseofParkinsonforalongtime.

拳王阿里身患帕金森（氏）病已经有很长一段时间了。Itisnaturalformanyfreshmentosufferfrom

homesicknessnowandthen.许多大学新生偶尔会想念自己的家乡是很自然的事情。2)vi.

受痛苦，受苦难，患病2.wound

(Line6);injure(Line9);hurt(Line36)woundinjure一般是指由枪械或者刀剑等尖锐物体造成的身体上的伤害。a)由于重物如棍棒或者炸弹爆炸所造成的伤害；b)在事故中受到的伤害。hurt除表示受伤外，主要用于表示身体疼痛及情感受伤害。词义辨析请用wound,hurt或

injure的适当形式填空

Shewasslightly_______whenshefellofftheladder.她从梯子上跌下来时，受了一点轻伤。

Thebulletunfortunately________JamesBondintheshoulder.枪弹不幸打伤了詹姆斯▪邦德的肩膀。

HongKongPhoenixTVnewsanchorLiuHai-ruowasseriously______inaBritishtrainaccidentin2002.香港凤凰卫视新闻主播刘海若在2002年发生在英国的一次列车事故中身受重伤。

woundedinjuredhurt3.supply

(Line11)1)n.supplying,stock

补给,供给,[常作supplies]供应品，补给品，(储备)物资agoodsupplyoffruit

水果的大量供应

household(medical)supplies家庭(医药)用品2)vt.makeavailabletouse供给，供应，提供（所需物品）；（把······）供应给······（with）；为······提供TheUNisurgently______________________forthesurvivorsinBam,thequake-strickenancientcityinIran.联合国紧急向受地震侵袭的伊朗巴姆古城的幸存者提供粮食和帐篷。supplyingfoodandcampsrequest

请求,语气较强require

委婉、客气，通常不用于口语

MayIrequest

youtoleave?

We

requestthefavorofareplyatyour

earliestconvenience.请你离开一下好吗？请方便时尽早给予答复。4.request

(Line21):vt.askorbeingasked

请求，要求，恳求

request

require词义辨析require

vt.

类似

order,

demand

用法，向对方提出的要求有一定权威性，强制对方服从其要求，但语气弱些，常用于被动语态。

Theborderpolicerequired

thetravelertounlockhisluggage.边境警察要求游客打开自己的行李。要想成为一名优秀的足球裁判同样需要下苦工夫。

Tobecomeanexcellentsoccerrefereerequires

painstakingeffortaswell.请用request或

require的适当形式填空TheUSNavy__________ustoprovideemergentassistance.Youare_________toattendtomorrow’snewsconference.Thepresenceofallmembersoftheband

was__________.Thenewregulation________strictobservanceineverydetail.requestedrequiredrequestedrequires

5.insert

(Line29)Ansurgeoninserted

aspecialmedicaldeviceintohismouthtopickupDNAsample.医生把一个特殊的医学装置插入他的口中来提取DNA样本。]1)vt.putsomethinginsomethingelse

插入，嵌入Medicalexaminersfoundaknife-likeinsert

insidethevictim’sstomach.法医在受害者的体内发现了一把刀状的插入物。2)n.somethinginserted

插入物，镶补物6.stiff

(Line32):adj.1)quitehardandnoteasytobend

硬的，僵直的Ican’tplaythepianolikeIusedto.Myfingershavegonestifffromlackofpractice.我不能像过去那样弹钢琴了，我的手指因缺乏练习变得僵硬了。2)formal,unfriendly

生硬的，呆板的，不友好的Facingjournalists’questions,thePrimeMinisteralwayskeptastiff

face.

面对记者的提问，那位总理总是板着面孔。7.occasional

(Line40):adj.

happeningsometimes

偶然的，偶尔的，非经常的天气还算不错，只是偶尔有阵雨。

Theweatherwasgoodexceptforanoccasional

shower.

occasionalvisits/rain/sneeze/trips

偶尔来访/有雨/打喷嚏/旅行8.steady

(Line40):adj.1)developingorgrowinggradually

不断的，持续的YaoMing’ssteady

progressinskillsresultsfromhiswonderfulperformanceintheNBAmatches.姚明的不断进步的球技来自于他在NBA比赛中的出色表现。2)firm,

stable

稳的，平稳的JackieChan’samazingChinesekungfulaysasteady

foundationforhissuccessinHollywood.成龙的令人惊叹的中国功夫为他在好莱坞的成功打下了牢固的基础。9.relief

(Line50):n.1)thelesseningorremovingofpain,anxiety,etc.

（痛苦等）缓解，减轻，解除Fans’supportbroughtR.Baggiosomerelief

fromthemissingofthepenaltyinthefinalof1994’sWorldCup.球迷们的支持使罗伯特·巴乔多少缓解了1994年世界杯决赛射失点球的痛苦。2)thefeelingthatyouhavewhensomethingunpleasantstopsorbecomeslessstrong（痛苦、忧郁等消除后感到的）轻松，宽心，宽慰Itwasagreatrelief

tofindnothinghadbeenstolen.

发现没丢任何东西，感到很宽慰。

同根词：relieve:v.ease,lessen

使减轻，使解除（痛苦、忧愁等）；使宽慰Shesaidthatlisteningtolightmusiccouldrelieve

herpressureinstudy.她说听轻音乐可以减轻学习中的压力。10.laydown

(Line57):loseorstophavingsomethingwillinglyinordertohelpothers

牺牲，献身Countlessspaceexpertsarelayingdown

theirwitsandenergytoacceleratetherealizationofthelaunchofShenzhouVIspaceship.无数航天科技人员都在为加速实现“神舟”六号的发射奉献着自己的智慧和精力。YitzhakRabin,calledmanofIsrael,evenlaiddownhislifefortheeternalpeaceoftheMiddleEast.被称为以色列伟人的拉宾为中东地区的永久和平甚至献出了自己的生命。10.laydown

(Line57):loseorstophavingsomethingwillinglyinordertohelpothers

牺牲，献身1.这个女孩腿上有伤。

Thegirlsufferedwoundstoherlegs.2.几小时后，医疗救助人员赶到了。Acoupleofhourslater,medicalhelparrived.3.立即的行动immediateaction4.相配的/适合的血型thematching/correctbloodtype

5.Hislifewas/hunginthebalance.他命悬一线。6.afterseverallongmomentsofsilence

几次长时间沉默后7.Henglaystiffandsilent.

Heng直挺挺地躺着，也不说话。8.Alookofgreatreliefspreadoverhisface.他的脸上露出了轻松的表情。PersonalRelationshipsWordsyouneedtoknow:innocent纯真的

impact影响

Downing道宁（地名）RememberingtheCarpentersTheseweretwoinnocentkidsfromDowningthatlovedtomakemusicandtheydiditwithtenderloveandcare.Theyadmiredeachothergreatly.Theyhadanenormousimpact.Theymadealotofpeoplehappyandstillcontinueto..

纪念卡朋特兄妹这是两个来自道宁的纯真孩子。他们热爱音乐，怀着爱心和关怀来创作音乐。他们彼此钦慕，影响深远。他们曾使并不断使许多人感到快乐。Yettheycouldonlygetthebloodifoneofthefrightenedchildrenwouldagreetogiveit.(Line22)此句可以从反面着笔进行翻译，即正说反译或反说正译。不用这种反面着笔译法的译文并非不通，而是译者为了达到行文优美、表达生动的目的。此为英汉翻译中非常有用的一个技巧。然而，如果这些受惊吓的孩子中无人自愿献血，他们就无法得到血。Youcouldn’tkillanymore.你已经恶贯满盈了。Iprefertheredonetotheblackone.我要红的，不要黑的。Thisbookcouldnothavebeenwrittenorpublishedwithoutthehelpofdozensofpeople,andIamdeeplygratefultoallofthem.这本书的写作和出版曾得到许多位友人的各种帮助,谨此一并深表谢意。

Afteramoment,thelittleboystoppedcrying,openedhiseyes,andlookedquestioninglyattheVietnamesenurse.

(Line48)词性转换在英汉翻译中是常用的手段。在英语里可以用一个名词表达的感受，汉语也许可用一个动词；一个汉语里的副词在英语表达时可能转换成形容词，这类例子比比皆是。词性转换几乎可以在所有词性间进行。

过了一会，小男孩不哭了，睁开眼睛，用询问的目光看着越南护士。

ThemedicalhelpwasayoungAmericanNavydoctorandanequallyyoungNavynurse.救援小组由一名年轻的美国海军医生和一名同样年轻的海军护士组成。

Theirrequestwasmetwithwide-eyedsilence.

对医生和护士的请求，孩子瞪大眼睛，一声不吭。

Awell-dressedman,wholookedandtalkedlikeanAmerican,gotintothecar.一个穿着讲究的人上了车。他的外表和谈吐都像个美国人。

TheVietnamesenurserepeatedthequestiontothelittleboy,whoansweredsimply,“She’smyfriend.”

(Line55)

定语从句翻译时的变通主要在于调整从句的类别。在翻译过程中，可以灵活变通，把定语从句译成各种类型的状语，包括原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、假设等类型或转换成其他类型的从句，甚至译成独立的句子。

越南护士把这个问题向小男孩重复了一遍。小男孩简单地回答道：“她是我的朋友。”Severalchildrenwerewounded,includingoneyounggirl,about8yearsold,whosufferedwoundstoherlegs.几个孩子受了伤，其中有一个女孩8岁左右，她的双腿被炸伤。

Hedecidedtotakethisdifficultcourse,whichhasmadehimextremelybusyduringthesummer.

他决定修这门很难的课，结果他整个夏天忙得不亦乐乎。EachtourwillbeescortedbyEnglishspeakinginterpreterswhowillhelpyoutoobtaininformationandinterestfromwhatyouareseeing.每次游览都有英语翻译陪同，以帮助来宾了解参观点的情况。

PersonalRelationships作文审题时存在的问题:1.审题匆忙，不加思索，没有审清题目就动笔写作，结果造成“下笔千言，离题万里”的现象。2.心绪不定、粗心大意导致“误读”题目、离题。3.题目宽泛时，围绕主题堆砌材料。大脑思维呈现出辐射状，感觉抓不住文章的重点、理不清内容的主次。4.文章写偏、写散，或者肤浅缺乏具体内容。5.漏读题目补充信息导致严重失分。1.判断作文标题与主题的关系，以较强的发挥能力对主题加以提炼，在不影响题目原意的情况下，适当将宽题具体化，确定某一写作角度后展开联想思路，做到宽题窄做、明确中心。2.逐个推敲题目中的关键字词，注意善于领会、紧扣题目的旨意。3.认真审阅作文的说明要求和所给的材料，仔细分析提供的各类信息（包括中文的、英文的、画面的或数字的信息），比如：关键词、段首句、提纲、提示、图表说明等。请审看下题。审定题目后，你如何按照各项要求写出作文来？

Direction:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteacompositiononthetopic.HowtoKeeponGoodTermswithRoommates?Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsaccordingtotheoutlinegivenbelowinChinese.1.大学伊始,刚刚入学的新生之间存在差异2.维护室友之间的和睦关系是非常重要的3.如何处理室友之间的关系HowtoKeeponGoodTermswithRoommates?

Formostfreshmen,universitydormlifeisa“fresh”experience.However,studentsfromallcornersofthecountrymaysoonfind,apartfromaccents,theyhavetofacealotofotherdifferences.Forexample,earlybirds(早起的人)andnightowls(夜猫子)disturbeachother.Foranotherexample,lazyboneswhodolittlecleaningmay“pollute”theroomwithsmellysocks.What’smore,whileoneisusedtolivinginaquietatmosphere(环境),hisroommateshappentobechatterboxes,talkingoverthephoneforhours.Thelistof“conflicts”(冲突)couldgoonandon.

Itisveryessentialforroommatestokeepongoodterm