甘肃省兰州市2021年中考英语试题(A卷)+答案+解析

第第37页/共19页2021年甘肃省兰州市中考英语试卷（A卷）一、完形填空（110分,10分）阅读下面短文,各题所给的四个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳答案。Sometimesanimalscandostrangethings.Hereare 1 truestoriesaboutpeopleandanimals.Apetlizardwaskeptinabiologyclassroom.Thestudentslookedafteritwell 2 lovedhavingitintheclassroom.However,largelizardslikebeing 3 anddon’treallylikelotsofpeoplearoundthemallthetime,especiallynoisygirlsandboysatschool.Thelargelizardnoticedthatwheneverthealarmbellrangduringtheschool’spracticefiredrills（消防演练）,allthechildrenandtheirteachersranoutoftheclassroom,leavingthelizardbehind,peacefuland 4 forawhile.Overseveralweeks,therewerequiteafewfalsefirealarms.Someonenoticedthateverytimethealarmswentoff,thelizardwasoutofitscage.So,thechildrendecidedto 5 thelizard.Totheirsurprise,theyfoundthatitclimbedovertothefirealarmonthebackwallandsetitoff!Thelizardjustwantedtobeleftalone.Atouristwasdrivingalongaroadoneevening,heaccidentallyranoverakangaroo.Thetouristthoughtthat 6 wouldbelievehim,sohedecidedtotakeaphotoofthekangaroo.Hepickedthedeadkangarooupandputitnexttothecar.Hethen 7 hisjacketandsunglassesandputthemonthekangarootomakehisphotomoreinteresting.Allwentwell, 8 ,thekangaroowokeup!Ithadonlybeenknockedoutbutnotactuallydead!Assoonasthekangaroowokeup, 9 ranaway,wearingajacket,whichalsoincludedthreecreditcards（信用卡）,onepassportand＄1,000incash!Whata 10 kangaroo!A.twoA.butA.activeA.noisyA.findA.everyoneA.tookoffA.recentlyA.theyA.luckyB.threeB.ofB.aliveB.friendlyB.watchB.someoneB.handedoutB.suddenlyB.youB.sadC.fourC.andC.awakeC.quietC.helpC.nooneC.pickedupC.latelyC.weC.carefulD.fiveD.soD.aloneD.afraidD.saveD.anyoneD.gaveawayD.usuallyD.itD.busy【答案】1.A10.A2.C 3.D 4.C5.B 6.C7.A 8.B 9.D【解析】【分析】本文讲述了一个蜥蜴为了独处，摁响了警报。还讲述了一只袋鼠被一个游客撞昏之后，当游客给他拍照时，他突然醒了，逃走的时候，带走了这个游客的衣服，信用卡和现金。【1题详解】句意：这里有两个关于人和动物的真实故事。two二；three三；four四；five五。根据后文的“Apetlizardwaskeptinabiologyclassroom.”和“Atouristwasdrivingalongaroadoneeveningheaccidentallyranoverakangaroo.A。【2题详解】句意：学生很好地照顾它，而且喜欢它在教室里。but但是；of……的；and而且；so所以。此处连接并列谓语，表示递进关系，因此用连词and，故选C。【3题详解】句意：然而，这个大蜥蜴喜欢独处，不喜欢周围总是有很多人，尤其是学校里吵闹的男孩和女孩。active活跃的；alive活着的；awake醒着的；alone独自的。根据“don'treallylikelotsofpeoplearoundthemallthetime”可知，它不喜欢周围总是有很多人，因此它喜欢独自待着，故选D。【4题详解】句意：这只大蜥蜴注意到，在学校进行消防演习时，每当警铃一响，所有的孩子和老师都跑出教室，把蜥蜴留着教室里，和平、安静地待一会儿。nosiy喧嚣的；friendly友好的；quiet安静的；afraidpeaceful列，表示安静的，故选C。【5题详解】句意：所以，孩子们决定去观察蜥蜴。find找到；watch观看，观察；help帮助；save挽救。根据后文的“theyfoundthatitclimbedovertothefirealarmonthebackwallandsetitoff!”可知，他们发现了蜥蜴的行为，因此他们在观察蜥蜴，故选B。【6题详解】句意：这个游客认为没有人会相信他，所以他决定给这只袋鼠拍一张照片。everyone每个人；someone某人；noone每人；anyone任何人。根据“sohedecidedtotakeaphotoofthekangaroo.”可知，他决定给袋鼠拍照，是因为他认为没有人会相信他，故选C。【7题详解】句意：然后他脱下了夹克衫，摘掉了眼镜，把它们给那只袋鼠穿上，让他的照片更有趣。tookoff脱下；handedout分发；pickedup捡起来；gaveaway赠送。根据“andputthemonthekangaroo”可知，要给袋鼠穿上他的衣服，应先脱下它们，故选A。【8题详解】句意：一切进行得非常好，突然，这只袋鼠醒来了！recently最近；suddenly突然；lately近来；usually经常。根据后文的“Ithadonlybeenknockedoutbutnotactuallydead!”可知，这只袋鼠只是被撞了，没有真的死去，因此当这个人给它穿衣服时，它突然醒了，故选B。【9题详解】句意：这只袋鼠一醒来，它就逃跑了。they他们；you你；we我们；it它。此处代指thekangaroo，用代词it，故选D。【10题详解】句意：多么幸运的一只袋鼠！lucky幸运的；sad悲伤的；careful认真的；busy忙碌的。根据前文的“...ranaway,wearingajacket,whichalsoincludedthreecreditcards（信用卡）,onepassportand＄1,000incash!”可知，这只袋鼠逃跑的时候，穿着这个游客的夹克衫，里面有三张信用卡，一个护照还有1000美元现金，因此这只袋鼠是幸运的。故选A。二、阅读理解（共3小题：每小题10分,满分30分）阅读下面三段材料,根据材料内容和要求。从题后选项中选择一个最佳答案。I’maChinesestudent.I’mveryproudofChinaandI’dlovetomakearealcontributionI’maChinesestudent.I’mveryproudofChinaandI’dlovetomakearealcontribution（贡献）tothedevelopmentofmycountry.WhenIfinishmytraininginCanada,IwillgobacktoChinaandstartabusiness,soIcangivesomethingbacktothecountry.I’maChinesestudentinAmerica.Myhometownusedtobeverypoor.Butithaschangednow.Mostpeopleinmyhometownhaveagoodstandardoflivingandsomecannowaffordcars.I’mverypleasedwiththesechangesandveryproudofthem.IspentayearinBeijingasastudentinthelate1990sandIrecentlywentbackthereonholiday.Icouldn’tbelievethechangesIspentayearinBeijingasastudentinthelate1990sandIrecentlywentbackthereonholiday.Icouldn’tbelievethechangeswhichhadtakenplaceinsuchashorttimeandthequalities（品质）IadmireinChinesepeoplearetheirwishtosucceed,theirfamilyvaluesandtheirsenseofresponsibility.IthinkthesequalitieswillbeveryimportantifChinaistocontinuedeveloping.IhopethatChinawillbecomeasuccessfulandprosperous（繁荣的）country.Thereisstillalongwaytogo.Therearemanychallengesanddifficultiesahead,butIamsurewecanovercomethemifweworktogether.阅读以上微博评论，根据其内容判断下列各小题的正误。正确的填（涂）A，错误的填（涂）B。JiayuwillgobacktoChinaaftertraininginCanada.SomepeopleinZihan’shometownnowhaveenoughmoneytobuycars.JacksonspenttwoyearsinBeijingasastudentinthelate1980s.SeanfromOxfordthinksChinesepeoplecanovercomechallengesanddifficulties.Chinaischanginganddevelopingveryfastnow.【答案】11.A 12.A 13.B 14.B 15.A【解析】【分析】本文是四位不同人士在微博上，对中国迅速的变化和发展的观点和评论。【11题详解】细节理解题。根据第一栏中“WhenIfinishmytraininginCanada,IwillgobacktoChinaandstartabusiness,soIcangivesomethingbacktothecountry.”可知，当Jiayu在加拿大完成培训后，会回到中国创业。该项表述正确，故选A。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据第二栏中“Mostpeopleinmyhometownhaveagoodstandardoflivingandsomecannowaffordcars.”可知，Zihan家乡的大多数人生活水平都很好，有些人现在买得起汽车了。该项表述正确，故选A。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据第三栏中“IspentayearinBeijingasastudentinthelate1990s”可知，上世纪90年代末，Jackson在北京当过一年学生。该项表述错误，故选B。【14题详解】细节理解题。根据第四栏中“SeanHongKong”可知，Sean来自中国香港，不是牛津。该项表述错误，故选B。【15题详解】细节理解题。根据“EveryoneknowsthatChinaischanginganddevelopingveryquicklyatthemoment.”可知，每个人都知道中国正在迅速变化和发展。该项表述正确，故选A。Sixweeksbeforehis97thbirthday,GiuseppePaternomadehisdreamofalifetimecometrue:Hegotauniversitydegree.Mr.Paterno’sstoryhasbeenreportedaroundtheworld,partlybecauseofhisage.Buthehasalsodrawnattentionbecausehislifestoryspeaksofbelief.HehasencouragedmillionsofchildreninItalyandelsewherewhiletheyarefacingdifficultiesduringthecoronaviruspandemic（新冠疫情）.BorninPalermoin1923,thefirstofsevenchildreninaverypoorfamily.Mr.Paternobeganworkingsoonafterfinishingprimaryschool.Itwasonlyafterheretiredinthemid-1980sthathereturnedtohisbooks.“Hisstoryshowsthatdreamscancometrueandthatyoucanremainyoung—notinagebutinspirit—ifyoudevelopinterests,”saidRosellaCancila,histeacherofhistoryattheUniversityofPalermo.Italy’suniversitysystemisbasedonathree-yeardegree,thenatwo-yearmaster’scourse.UniversityofficialsarehopingthatMr.Paternowillcontinuehisstudies. “Ihavetosaythatinthismoment,Idon’tknowwhetherIwouldkeeponstudyingwiththesamespirit,”hesaid,addingthatalltheattentionhadmadehimabittired.Still,Mr.Paternosaidthathewouldprobablytrytogethismaster’s degreebuthehadn’tdecidedyet.阅读以上短文。根据其内容回答其后各个小题。GiuseppePaterno’sdreamofalifetimeisto .drawpeople’sC.getuniversitydegreeworktosupporthisfamilyD.encouragethechildreninhiscountyTheunderlinedword“belief”inparagraph2probablymeans .品格 B.信念 C.责任 D.观点AccordingtoRossellaCancia,developinginterestscanhelppeoplestay .younginspirit B.younginage C.healthyinbody D.healthyinmindWhichofthefollowingsentencescanbebestputinthe“ △ ”?Andheisquitesure.C.Andheagreescompletely.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?SeeingIsBelieving.C.ActionsSpeakLouderThanWords.Butheisn’tsosure.D.Buthedoesn’tagreeatall.B.PracticeMakesPerfect.D.It’sNeverTooLatetoFollowDream.【答案】16.C 17.B 18.A 19.B 20.D【解析】【分析】本文讲述了97岁高龄的GiuseppePaterno成功获得了大学学位，实现了自己一生的梦想。【16题详解】细节理解题。根据“GiuseppePaternomadehisdreamofalifetimecometrue:Hegotauniversitydegree.”可知，GiuseppePaterno一生的梦想是得到大学学位。故选C。【17题详解】词义猜测题。根据“HehasencouragedmillionsofchildreninItalyandelsewherewhiletheyarefacingdifficultiesduringthecoronaviruspandemic”可知，GiuseppePaterno的故事鼓舞了很多处于困境的孩子，此处指的是信念的力量，所以“belief”的意思是“信念”。故选B。【18题详解】细节理解题。根据“Hisstoryshowsthatdreamscancometrueandthatyoucanremainyoung—notinagebutinspirit—ifyoudevelopinterests”可知，培养兴趣可以让人保持精神上的年轻。故选A。【19题详解】推理判断题。根据“UniversityofficialsarehopingthatMr.Paternowillcontinuehisstudies.”以及“Ihavetosaythatinthismoment,Idon’tknowwhetherIwouldkeeponstudyingwiththesamespirit”可知，GiuseppePaterno不确定是否继续自己的学业。故选B。【20题详解】97GiuseppePaterno成功获得了大学学位，实现了自己一生的梦想，所以D选项”D。Theworld’sglaciersaremelting（融化）quickly.Scientists,fromNaturestudied20yearsofsatellitedataoftheworld’s220,000mountainglaciers,andfoundthatsince2015,glaciershavelast298billionmetrictonsoficeandsnowperyear.Thatis31%morethan15yearsago,andenoughicemelttoputSwitzerlandunder7.2meterofwatereachyear.Scientistsaythemeltingiscausedbyclimate（气候）change.Almostalloftheworld’sglaciersaremelting.Halfoftheworld’sglaciermeltsintheUnitedStatesandCanada.Somemillerglaciersaretotallylost.Themelting“mirrors”theworldwideincreaseintemperatureandisfromtheburningofcoal,oilandgas.Shrinking（缩小）glaciersareaproblemformillionisofpeoplewhouseregularglaciermeltfordrinkingwater.Veryfastmeltingcanalsocausefloods（洪水）inplaceslikeIndia.Butthebiggestproblemtotheworldisrisingsealevels,Glaciersareresponsiblefor21%ofsealevelrise.MarkSerreze,directoroftheAmericanNationalSnowandIceDataCenter（NSIDC）inColorado,thinksthatsealevelriseisgoingtobeabiggerandbiggerproblem,aswemovethroughthe21stcentury.Scientistssaidthatitcouldtakehundredsofyearstoregrowmeltedglaciers.TwilaMoonstudiesglaciersattheNSIDC.“I’mnotsurewhethertheglacierscanregroweveniftheplanet’stemperatureiscontrolled.Wemusttrytokeepmuchicepossibleandslowthespeedofglaciermelting.”shesaid.Accordingtothepassage,glaciermeltingiscausedby .climatechange B.waterpollution C.sealevelrise D.seriousfloods oftheglaciermeltaroundtheworldisintheUnitedStatesandCanada.A.21% B.31% C.50% D.80%Whatisthemainideaofparagraph3?Theworld’sglaciersaremeltingquickly.B.Somesmallerglaciersarecompletelylost.C.Theworld’sglaciermeltingcausessomeproblems.D.Peopleneedtofindwaystodealwithglaciermeting.WecanguessthatTwilaMoonmightbe aboutglacierregrowing.excited B.surprised C.angry D.worriedThepassageisprobablyfrom .asportsnewspaperC.astorybook

B.asciencemagazineD.atravelguide【答案】21.A 22.C 23.C 24.D 25.B【解析】【分析】本文主要讲述了全球各地的冰川都在融化，分析了冰川融化的原因及会带来的问题。【21题详解】细节理解题。根据“Scientistsaythemeltingiscausedbyclimatechange.”可知，冰川融化是由气候变化引起的。故选A。【22题详解】细节理解题。根据“Halfoftheworld’sglaciermeltsintheUnitedStatesandCanada.”可知，世界上一半的冰川融化在美国和加拿大。故选C。【23题详解】段落大意题。根据“VeryfastmeltingcanalsocausefloodsinplaceslikeIndia.Butthebiggestproblemtotheworldisrisingsealevels...”可知，第三段主要关于冰川融化会带来的问题。故选C。【24题详解】推理判断题。根据“I’mnotsurewhethertheglacierscanregroweveniftheplanet’stemperatureiscontrolled.Wemusttrytokeepmuchicepossibleandslowthespeedofglaciermelting.”可知，TwilaMoon很担心冰川能否再生。故选D。【25题详解】川融化的原因及会带来的问题，所以这篇文章最可能来自于科学杂志。故选B。三、任务型完形填空（11.515分）阅读下面的短文，用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空，使文意通顺，结构正确。if；if；properly；information；use；who；glass；sick；enough；made；usWeneedtoknowhowmuchofwhatfoodtoeattobehealthy.Hereisapictureaboutfoodgroupsandwhytheyaregoodforourhealth.Itisimportanttounderstandhowfoodisused.Whenweeatfood,ourbodies 26 thefoodtomakeenergy. 27 weareeatingthecorrectfoodandthecorrectamountofthefood,wewillhaveenoughenergyforourbodiesandmindstoworkproperly.Itisnecessarytoreadthelabels（标签）onthefoodsinashopaswell.Thelabelstell 28 whatthefoodhasinit.Theygiveus 29 abouthowhealthythefoodis.Therearemanypeoplewhodonoteatenoughrightfood.Thiscouldbebecausetheyaretoopoortobuytherightfood.Thesepeoplemayhavewhatwecallmalnutrition（营养不良）.Children 30 havemalnutritiondonotgrowproperlyandtheycannotconcentrate（集中精力）atschool.Ifthingsareverybad,theycanbecome 31 andevendie.MalnutritionisagreatprobleminsomepoorpartsofAsiaandAfrica.Itisalsoimportanttodrinklotsofwater.Ourbodiesare32upofabout76%water.Weneedtodrinksixtoeight33ofwateraday.Waterkeepsourskinhealthy.Italsomakessurethatourbodiesworkproperly.Ifwedonotdrink34waterwecangetheadaches,stomachachesandourkidneys（肾脏）willnotworknormally.Ifwewanttohavemindsandbodiesthatwork35,weneedtomakesurethatweeatcorrectly.【答案】26.use27.If 28.usinformationwho 31.sick32.made 33.glasses34.enough 35.properly【解析】【分析】文章大意：短文大意讲的是不同食物的种类对人身体健康的不同作用。【26题详解】句意：当我们吃东西的时候，我们的身体利用食物来制造能量。根据“Whenweeatfood,ourbodies…thefoodtomakeenergy.”结合备选词汇，可知吃东西的时候，我们的身体利用食物来制造能量，use...todo“用……来制作……”，固定短语，句子时态是一般现在时，主语是复数，谓语动词用原形，故填use。【27题详解】…weareeatingthecorrectfoodandthecorrectamountofthefood,wewillhaveenoughenergyforourbodiesandmindstoworkIf。【28题详解】句意：标签告诉我们食物里有什么。根据上文“Itisnecessarytoreadthelabels（标签）onthefoodsinashopaswell.”结合“Thelabelstell…whatthefoodhasinit.”及备选词汇，可知标签告诉我们食物里有什么。tell“告诉”，动词，后面要加代词宾格，故填us。【29题详解】句意：他们给我们关于食物健康程度的信息。根据“Theygiveus…abouthowhealthythefoodis.”结合备选词汇，可知他们给我们关于食物健康程度的信息。information“信息”，不可数名词，故填information。【30题详解】句意：营养不良的儿童不能正常生长，不能集中精力上学。根据“Children…havemalnutritiondonotgrowproperlyandtheycannotconcentrate（集中精力）atschool.”可知，本句是一个定语从句，先行词是children，指人，因此要用who来引导，故填who。【31题详解】句意：如果情况很糟糕，他们可能会生病甚至死亡。根据“Ifthingsareverybad,theycanbecome…andevendie.”结合备选词汇，可知如果情况很糟糕，他们可能会生病甚至死亡。sick“生病的”，形容词，放在系动词become后作表语，故填sick。【32题详解】句意：我们的身体由76%的水组成。根据“Ourbodiesare…upofabout76%water.”结合备选词汇，可知我们的身体由76%的水组成。bemadeupof“由……组成”，固定短语，故填made。【33题详解】句意：我们每天需要喝六到八杯水。根据“Weneedtodrinksixtoeightofwateraglass“杯子”，可数名eightglasses。【34题详解】句意：如果我们没有喝足够的水，我们就会头痛，胃痛，肾脏也不能正常工作。根据“Ifwedonotdrink…water,wecangetheadaches,stomachachesandourkidneys（肾脏）willnotworknormally.”结合备选词汇，可知是如果我们没有喝足够的水，我们就会头痛，胃痛，肾脏也不能正常工作，enough“足够的”，形容词，修饰名词放在名词前，故填enough。【35题详解】句意：如果我们想让大脑和身体正常工作，我们需要确保我们的饮食恰当。根据“Ifwewanttohavemindsandbodiesthatwork…,weneedtomakesurethatweeatcorrectly.”结合备选词汇，可知如果我们想让大脑和身体正常工作，我们需要确保我们的饮食恰当。properly“正确地”，副词，修饰动词work，放在动词后，故填properly。四、任务型阅读理解（共1小题：每小题10分，满分10分）阅读下面的短文，按要求完成后面的小题。MydadisveryinterestedinhistoryandtheSilkRoadattractshim.HetoldmethattheSilkRoadhadbeenabridgebetweenEastandWestformorethan2,000years.①itfrom,was,kilometers,Xi’an,6,500,to,Rome（.）Itplayedanimportantroleinthedevelopmentoftheworld.Myfamilywenttosomefamousplacesalongtheroadforaholidaylastsummer.WestartedfromLanzhoutoWuwei.Inancienttimes,Wuweiwasalsoacapital.Althoughit’snowamoderncity,youcanstillgetastrongfeelingofhistoryhere.②Peopleareproudofitshistory.ThenextstopwasJiayuguan,animportantcityontheedgeofthedesert.Itwasabusyplacewithalotofbusinesspeoplecomingandgoing.ThewesternendofMingGreatWallwasbuilthere.Eventoday,it’sacitythatmanypeopletravelthrough.Alongtheroad,wealsovisitedYumenguan,whichremindedmeofthefamouspoemwrittenbyWangZhihuan.Finally,wearrivedinDunhuang.Itisacitywithalonghistoryandcolorfulculture.Ancientpeoplecreatedfantasticartworks,suchisMogaoGrottoes.Itwasinfluencedbymanydifferentculturesovertime.ItwasalsothecenteroftradebetweenChinaanditswesternneighbors.Today,millionsoftouristsaroundtheworldcomehereeveryyear.Thetriphelpedmeknowaboutthehistoryandcultureofthespecialroad.Besides,Icanbetterunderstandhowpeoplefromdifferentplacesinfluencedeachother.请将文中①处划线部分连词成句（标点符号已在括号内给出。请将文中②处划线的句子翻译成汉语。根据文章内容，请在横线上填入适当的词（每空限填一词。Ancientpeoplebuiltthe ofMingGreatWallinJiayuguan.根据文章内容，请在下面的横线上填入适当的地名，补全作者的旅行路线。Lanzhou→Wuwei→Jiayuguan→ →DunhuangAfterreadingthepassage,wouldyouliketoadviseyourfriendstotravelalongtheSilkRoad?Whyorwhynot?（Listonereason）【答案】36.Itwas6,500kilometersfromXi’antoRome.人们为它的历史感到自豪。westernendYumenguanYes.BecausetheSilkRoadhasitsownhistoryandcultureforustolearn.【解析】历史很感兴趣，尤其着迷于对丝绸之路的研究。因此他们一家利用假期从兰州出发，经武威、嘉峪关、玉门关、最后到达敦煌。【36题详解】根据标点提示可知，本句是陈述句；it作主语，is作谓语，6,500kilometers作表语，fromXi’antoRomeItwas6,500kilometersfromXi’antoRome.“6500公里。”【37题详解】People人们，areproudof为……感到自豪；itshistory它的历史。故填：人们为它的历史感到自豪。【38题详解】根据“ThewesternendofMingGreatWallwasbuilthere.”可知，明长城的西端就建在这里，故填westernend。【39题详解】根据“ThenextstopwasJiayuguan”和“Alongtheroad,wealsovisitedYumenguan”可知，去了嘉峪关之后是玉门关。故填Yumenguan。【40题详解】BecausetheSilkRoadhasitsownhistoryandcultureforustolearn.五、词汇考查（10110分用括号内所给词的适当形式填空。Therewillbetwo （tiger）inthenewzoo.【答案】tigers【解析】【详解】句意：新动物园里将有两只老虎。此前有two修饰，使用名词复数形式，故填tigers。Thetwinswerehelping （they）parentsmakezongzifortheDragonBoatFestival.【答案】their【解析】【详解】句意：这对双胞胎正在帮他们的父母包粽子过端午节。此处作定语修饰parents，用形容词性物主代词形式，故填their。Let’s （cheer）upthesickkidsinhospitaltogether.【答案】cheer【解析】【详解】句意：让我们一起让住院的生病的孩子们振作起来。cheer鼓励；letsb.dosth.表示“让某人做某事”，此处填动词原形。故填cheer。Stevenismuch （tall）thanheusedtobe.【答案】taller【解析】【详解】句意：史蒂文比过去高多了。根据“than”可知，此处应使用形容词比较级形式，故填taller。Judyvisitshergrandparents (one)aweek.【答案】once【解析】【详解】句意：朱迪每周去看望她的祖父母一次。根据“...(one)aweek”可知用one的变形once表示“一次”