全新版大学英语(第三册)第二版电子教案Unit8复习过程

BR_mainWordWebWarm-upQuestionsTestYourKnowledgeonCloningListeningComprehensionBackgroundInformation第一页，共195页。BR_EnglishSong_mainBackgroundInformationHwangWoo-SukStemagenCloningDollyThePope第二页，共195页。BR_SalesPromotion_mainWordWeb

Whatwordsorexpressionswilloccurtoyouwheneverwemention“cloning”?Writedownasmanywordsandphrasesaspossible.identicalunethicalembryoreplicatehorrifyingreproductivescientiststemcellriskDolly,thesheephumancloninggenedisputablecurediseaseorganscientificadvancesci-fifilm organ第三页，共195页。BR_IntroductoryRemarksWarm-upQuestions

1. Whatiscloning?Aretheredifferenttypesofcloning?2. Howcancloningtechnologiesbeused?3. Whatanimalshavebeenclonedsofar,andforwhatpurpose?4. Canorgansbeclonedforuseintransplants?Ifso,giveexamples.5. Whataretherisksofcloning?6. Shouldhumansbecloned?第四页，共195页。BR_ListenandComplete1.Theconceptof“cloning”wasoriginallyasciencefictionidea.FCloningwasnotoriginallyasci-fiideaalthoughsci-fiwritershaveenjoyedplayingaboutwiththeconcept.Cloneshavealwaysoccurredinnature.(

)TestYourKnowledgeonCloning2.“Clone”comesfromtheancientGreekwordmeaning“trouble”.FTheword“clone”comesfromtheancientGreekwordmeaning“twig”i.e.,adivisionfromthemainbranch.(

)第五页，共195页。BR_SheWorksHardfortheMoney13.Onecellcouldtheoreticallylaunchathousandclones.TIttakesawholecelltostartaclone—butofcoursethere’remillionsofgeneticallyidenticalcellsinananimalorgan.(

)4.Dollythesheepwasgrowninatest-tube.FAlthoughthecloningprocesstakesplaceinlabconditions,theembryohastobetransferredintoasurrogatemothertodevelopintoawholeanimal.(

)第六页，共195页。BR_SheWorksHardfortheMoney25.Clonedanimalshavethesamepersonalityastheir“parent”.FClonedanimalsmayormaynothavethesamepersonalityastheirparent—personalityispartlydeterminedbytheenvironment.(

)第七页，共195页。BR_SheWorksHardfortheMoney36.Ifyouclonedyourself—theclonewouldbethesameageasyouare.FIfyouclonedyourself,theclonewouldbeginlikeanyotherbabyasasingle-celledorganismandtakeninemonthsbeforeitwasborn.(

)第八页，共195页。BR_SheWorksHardfortheMoney4ListeningComprehensionListentothepassageaboutanimalcloningandanswerthequestions.tadpole:蝌蚪

somatic:身体的，体壁的embryonic:胚胎的

strip:剥去gaur:野牛traumatic:创伤的1.Whenwasthefirstanimalcloned?In1952.第九页，共195页。BR_SheWorksHardfortheMoney52.HowwereclonescreatedbeforethecreationofDolly?Theywerecreatedfromembryoniccells.3.Whatisthetechnologyusedincloningtheanimals?Nucleartransfertechnology.4.Canallspeciesbecloned?Why?No.Becausesomespeciesmaybemoreresistanttosomaticcellnucleartransfer.第十页，共195页。Scientistshavebeencloninganimalsformanyyears.In1952,thefirstanimal,atadpole,wascloned.BeforethecreationofDolly,thefirstmammalclonedfromthecellofanadultanimal,cloneswerecreatedfromembryoniccells.SinceDolly,researchershaveclonedanumberoflargeandsmallanimalsincludingsheep,goats,cows,mice,pigs,cats,rabbits,andagaur.Allthesecloneswerecreatedusingnucleartransfertechnology.Hundredsofclonedanimalsexisttoday,butthenumberofdifferentspeciesislimited.Attemptsatcloningcertainspecieshavebeenunsuccessful.SomespeciesBR_SheWorksHardfortheMoney6第十一页，共195页。BR_SheWorksHardfortheMoney6speciesmaybemoreresistanttosomaticcellnucleartransferthanothers.Theprocessofstrippingthenucleusfromaneggcellandreplacingitwiththenucleusofadonorcellisatraumaticone,andimprovementsincloningtechnologiesmaybeneededbeforemanyspeciescanbeclonedsuccessfully.第十二页，共195页。Cloningdescribestheprocessesusedtocreateanexactgeneticreplicaofanothercell,tissueororganism.Thecopiedmaterial,whichhasthesamegeneticmakeupastheoriginal,isreferredtoasaclone.ThemostfamousclonewasaScottishsheepnamedDolly.BR_QuestionsandAnswers1Cloning

GenecloningReproductivecloningTherapeuticcloningTypesofCloningCreationItcreatescopiesofgenesorsegmentsofDNA.Itcreatescopiesofwholeanimals.Itcreatesembryonicstemcells.第十三页，共195页。BR_QuestionsandAnswers2第十四页，共195页。BR_Definition1HwangWoo-Suk

☆☆☆aSouthKoreanveterinarianresearcheraprofessoroftheriogenologyandbiotechnologyatSeoulNationalUniversity(dismissedonMarch20,2006)infamousforfabricatingaseriesofexperimentsinthefieldofstemcellresearch第十五页，共195页。BR_Definition2HwangWoo-SukwasconsideredoneofthepioneeringexpertsinthefieldofstemcellresearchuntilNovember2005,bestknownfortwoarticlespublishedinthejournalSciencein2004and2005wherehefraudulentlyreportedtohavesucceededincreatinghumanembryonicstemcellsbycloning.Bothpaperswerelatereditoriallyretractedaftertheywerefoundtocontainalargeamountoffabricateddata.第十六页，共195页。BR_Definition3Stemagen

☆☆☆acorporationheadedbyDr.SamuelWoodnotableforcloningadultskincellsItsuccessfullycreatedthefirst5maturehumanembryosusingDNAfromadultskincells.第十七页，共195页。BR_QuestionsandAnswers2第十八页，共195页。BR_Definition4DollyAddressedas:Dolly:July5,1996—February14,2003Remarkablefor:Clonedby:Clonedin:Theworld’smostfamoussheep.Beingthefirstmammaltobeclonedfromanadultsomaticcell.IanWilmut,KeithCampbellandcolleagues.Edinburgh,Scotland.第十九页，共195页。BR_Definition5第二十页，共195页。BR_Definition6ThePope

☆☆☆☆theBishopofRometheleaderoftheworldwideCatholicChurchheadofstateofVaticanCityThecurrentpope(asin2010)isPopeBenedictXVI,electedApril19,2005inpapalconclave.第二十一页，共195页。BR_Definition7第二十二页，共195页。GR_mainPartDivisionoftheTextFurtherUnderstanding第二十三页，共195页。GR_FurtherUnderstandingFurtherUnderstandingForPart2ForPart1TrueorFalseForPart3BlankFillingTableCompletionMultipleChoice第二十四页，共195页。GR_PartDivisionoftheTextPartDivisionoftheTextPartsPara(s)MainIdeas

11~4ThewriterrelatesunderwhatcircumstancesthestemcellresearchcompanyStemagenwassetup.25~23Thewritergivesanaccountoftheirresearcheffortstowardthegoalofcreatinglinesofembryonicstemcellsusingaprocessknownastherapeuticcloning.第二十五页，共195页。GR_PartDivisionoftheTextPartsMainIdeas

Thewritertellsabouthisattitudetowardscriticismsagainstusingembryosforscientificresearch.324~27Para(s)第二十六页，共195页。GR_TrueorFalse1TrueorFalse1.WhenHwangWoo-Sukreportedhissuccessincreatinghumanembryonicstemcellsbycloning,peoplefelttheywerecheated.2.Alotofdiseaseswouldbetreatedifhumanembryonicstemcellscanreallybecreatedbycloning.FWhenHwangWoo-Sukreportedhissuccessincreatinghumanembryonicstemcellsbycloning,peoplefeltveryexcited.(

)T(

)第二十七页，共195页。GR_TrueorFalse23.Dr.Woodhasaprofoundloveforhismother.T(

)4.Dr.Wooddecidedtodosomethingforhismotherwhenshedevelopeddiabetes.FDr.Wooddecidedtodosomethingforhismotheratherfuneral.(

)第二十八页，共195页。GR_TrueorFalse35.TheotherfounderofStemagen,thestemresearchcompany,alsolosthisfathertodiabetes.FTheotherfounderofStemagen,thestemresearchcompany,losthisfathertoALS.(

)6.Ashismotherhaddiabetes,Dr.Woodthoughtitwasratherordinarytoseehismotherlosehereyesightandmostofherabilitytowalk.FItwasabsolutelyhorrifyingforDr.Woodtoseehismotherlosehereyesightandmostofherabilitytowalk.(

)第二十九页，共195页。GR_TrueorFalse1TableCompletionReproductivecloningVSTherapeuticcloningPurposeEffectsReproductivecloningThemajorityofreproductiveclonesareabnormal,withveryhighmiscarriagerates,veryhighstillbirthrates,fetalanomalies,deathsoonafterbirth,etc.Tocreateanexactcopyofananimalorhumanthatalreadyexistsorhasexisted第三十页，共195页。GR_TrueorFalse3PurposeEffectsTherapeuticcloningToharvestembryonicstemcellsforuseinmedicaltreatmentsTherapeuticcloningdoesnotinvolveanytypeofrisktohumanlifeandactuallyprovidestremendouspotentialforthereliefofsufferinginhumanbeings.第三十一页，共195页。GR_MultipleChoice1Whataretheresearchersinterestedin?______A.Cloninggenes.B.Helpingthesick.C.Creatingdisease-specificandperson-specificstemcelllines.D.Puttingahumanfaceoncloning.MultipleChoice第三十二页，共195页。Whataretheresearchersinterestedin?______GR_MultipleChoice1AAA.Cloninggenes.B.Helpingthesick.C.Creatingdisease-specificandperson-specificstemcelllines.D.Puttingahumanfaceoncloning.MultipleChoice第三十三页，共195页。Whataretheresearchersinterestedin?______GR_MultipleChoice1BA.Cloninggenes.B.Helpingthesick.C.Creatingdisease-specificandperson-specificstemcelllines.D.Puttingahumanfaceoncloning.MultipleChoiceB第三十四页，共195页。Whataretheresearchersinterestedin?______GR_MultipleChoice1CA.Cloninggenes.B.Helpingthesick.C.Creatingdisease-specificandperson-specificstemcelllines.D.Puttingahumanfaceoncloning.MultipleChoiceC第三十五页，共195页。Whataretheresearchersinterestedin?______GR_MultipleChoice1DA.Cloninggenes.B.Helpingthesick.C.Creatingdisease-specificandperson-specificstemcelllines.D.Puttingahumanfaceoncloning.MultipleChoiceD第三十六页，共195页。GR_MultipleChoice22.WhatisDr.Woodreferredtoas?______A.ThemantocloneDolly.B.Thefirstmantoclonehumanembryonicstemcells.C.Thefirstmantocurediabetes.D.Thefirstmanto“clonehimself”.第三十七页，共195页。2.WhatisDr.Woodreferredtoas?______GR_MultipleChoice2AA.ThemantocloneDolly.B.Thefirstmantoclonehumanembryonicstemcells.C.Thefirstmantocurediabetes.D.Thefirstmanto“clonehimself”.A第三十八页，共195页。2.WhatisDr.Woodreferredtoas?______GR_MultipleChoice2BA.ThemantocloneDolly.B.Thefirstmantoclonehumanembryonicstemcells.C.Thefirstmantocurediabetes.D.Thefirstmanto“clonehimself”.B第三十九页，共195页。2.WhatisDr.Woodreferredtoas?______GR_MultipleChoice2CA.ThemantocloneDolly.B.Thefirstmantoclonehumanembryonicstemcells.C.Thefirstmantocurediabetes.D.Thefirstmanto“clonehimself”.C第四十页，共195页。2.WhatisDr.Woodreferredtoas?______GR_MultipleChoice2DA.ThemantocloneDolly.B.Thefirstmantoclonehumanembryonicstemcells.C.Thefirstmantocurediabetes.D.Thefirstmanto“clonehimself”.D第四十一页，共195页。GR_MultipleChoice33.Whathasledtothefirestormofcontroversy?______A.Humanizingcloning.B.Providingaroadmap.C.Servingthepurposeofhelpingthepatients.D.Awomandonatinganegg.第四十二页，共195页。3.Whathasledtothefirestormofcontroversy?______GR_MultipleChoice3AA.Humanizingcloning.B.Providingaroadmap.C.Servingthepurposeofhelpingthepatients.D.Awomandonatinganegg.A第四十三页，共195页。3.Whathasledtothefirestormofcontroversy?______GR_MultipleChoice3BA.Humanizingcloning.B.Providingaroadmap.C.Servingthepurposeofhelpingthepatients.D.Awomandonatinganegg.B第四十四页，共195页。3.Whathasledtothefirestormofcontroversy?______GR_MultipleChoice3CA.Humanizingcloning.B.Providingaroadmap.C.Servingthepurposeofhelpingthepatients.D.Awomandonatinganegg.C第四十五页，共195页。3.Whathasledtothefirestormofcontroversy?______GR_MultipleChoice3DA.Humanizingcloning.B.Providingaroadmap.C.Servingthepurposeofhelpingthepatients.D.Awomandonatinganegg.D第四十六页，共195页。GR_MultipleChoice44.Whywerepeopleskepticalabouttheirachievement?A.Becauseit’simpossibletocloneblastocystnowadays.B.Becausethecellhadbeendestroyed.C.Becausesomescientistscheatedthepublicinthepast.D.Becausetheresearcherscouldn’tprovetheembryoswereclones.______第四十七页，共195页。______GR_MultipleChoice4A4.Whywerepeopleskepticalabouttheirachievement?A.Becauseit’simpossibletocloneblastocystnowadays.B.Becausethecellhadbeendestroyed.C.Becausesomescientistscheatedthepublicinthepast.D.Becausetheresearcherscouldn’tprovetheembryoswereclones.A第四十八页，共195页。GR_MultipleChoice4B4.Whywerepeopleskepticalabouttheirachievement?A.Becauseit’simpossibletocloneblastocystnowadays.B.Becausethecellhadbeendestroyed.C.Becausesomescientistscheatedthepublicinthepast.D.Becausetheresearcherscouldn’tprovetheembryoswereclones.______B第四十九页，共195页。GR_MultipleChoice4C4.Whywerepeopleskepticalabouttheirachievement?A.Becauseit’simpossibletocloneblastocystnowadays.B.Becausethecellhadbeendestroyed.C.Becausesomescientistscheatedthepublicinthepast.D.Becausetheresearcherscouldn’tprovetheembryoswereclones.______C第五十页，共195页。GR_MultipleChoice4D4.Whywerepeopleskepticalabouttheirachievement?A.Becauseit’simpossibletocloneblastocystnowadays.B.Becausethecellhadbeendestroyed.C.Becausesomescientistscheatedthepublicinthepast.D.Becausetheresearcherscouldn’tprovetheembryoswereclones.______D第五十一页，共195页。1.2.3.ToDr.Wood,it’santobebytheVaticanandPresidentBushinthesameweek.Researchersinthefieldandtheirusuallyhavenodialogue.Togiveanembryodoesn’tmakesensetoDr.Wood.GR_BlankFillingBlankFilling

honor_____condemned__________embryonicstemcell__________________opponents_________alltherightsofahumanlife_________________________第五十二页，共195页。Iwasextremelyclosewithmymotherallmylife.Shewasabrillianteducator,writerandwonderfulwoman.Sadly,shedevelopedcomplicationsrelatedtodiabetes.Whenshelosthereyesightandmost

ofofherabilitytowalk,itwasabsolutelyhorrifyingforme.Shepassedawayfromafallsevenoreightyearsago.Atherfuneral,IsworethatonedayI’ddosomethingaboutconditionslikehers.DR_Text1HUMANCLONING:ASCIENTIST’SSTORYDr.SamuelWoodviainterview第五十三页，共195页。YearspassedandIreadabouttheworktheSouthKoreanshaddonewithstemcells.In2004and2005HwangWoo-Sukfraudulentlyreportedthathehadsucceededincreatinghumanembryonicstemcellsbycloning.Backthenitwasn’tknownitwasafraud,soitwasveryexcitingtothinkthatalonglistofdiseasescouldbetreated.

IfoundedthestemcellresearchcompanyStemagenwithanothergentlemanwhosefatherhaddiedofALS.Wewentoutfordrinksonenightandwestartedtalkingaboutourparents.Wewantedtodosomethingthatwouldbealegacyforthem.DR_Text2第五十四页，共195页。ForBetterOrWorse?DR_Text3ThemomentwedecidedtostartStemagen,Ireadalltherewastoreadaboutthevariouscloningeffortsinthepast.TheclonedsheepDollyin1997wasveryinteresting,butatthat

stagepeoplewerenotfocusingonthestemcellaspectofcloning;theywerefocusingonthereproductivepossibilitiesofcloning.第五十五页，共195页。Humanreproductivecloningisjustsimplywrongethicallyfromamedicalstandpointandascientificstandpoint,evenignoringanyreligiousissuesassociatedwithit.Thereasonisthatthemajorityofreproductiveclonesinotherspeciesareactuallyabnormal,withveryhighmiscarriagerates,veryhighstillbirthrates,fetalanomalies,deathsoonafterbirth,etcetera.

Itwouldjustbeabsolutelywrongtotakeahumanbeingandputthemthroughwhatmaywellinvolvesignificantsufferingforreallynogoodend.Eventhoughpeoplecouldtakethetechniquesthatwe’vedevelopedandattempttodoit(orperhapsevenbesuccessfuldoingit),wehopethattheywouldnot.DR_Text4第五十六页，共195页。

Ontheotherhand,therapeuticcloningdoesnotinvolveanytypeofrisktohumanlifeandactuallyprovidestremendouspotentialforthereliefofsufferinginrealhumanbeingswhoaregoingthroughsomeawfulthings.

I’mapurescientistinsomeways,andIknowthatmanydifferentstudiesorfindingscouldbeusedforevil.Ourjobasscientistsistomakethemostofthistechnologyandmakeitavailabletothegreatestnumberofotherscientistswhocanhelpusdogoodthingswithit.There’sreallynoeffectivewayforanindividualscientisttostopsomeoneelsefromusingtheknowledgeforsomethingtheyshouldn’t.DR_Text5第五十七页，共195页。Weneedtobehonestaboutthetechniquesthatweused.Theyneedtobeabletobereplicatedbyotherpeople,andso,weareprovidingaroadmap.Iwouldhopethatthelegislationthat’sinplaceandthegreatpublicdisapprovalthatwouldresultfromanyattempttocloneahumanwoulddissuadeanyonefromgoingdownthatpath.

Whatisittheysay?Thereisnotechnologythathasn’tbeenusedforsomeevilpurposeatsomepoint.QuitehonestlyIdothinkthatsomeonewillattempthumanreproductivecloning.Idothinkit’sinevitable,andit’svirtuallyimpossibletolegislatethataway.DR_Text6第五十八页，共195页。

Iamspokenofasthefirstmanto“clonehimself.”Therearedifferenttypesofcloning.Atthecellularlevel,yes,it’strueIamthefirstmantoclonehimself.Wethoughtagreatdealabouthowtodealwiththeissueofwhosecellsweshoulduseandwhetherweshouldlettheworldandthescientificcommunityknowwhothefirstcellularclonewas.

Intheendwedecidedthatwewantedtoputahumanfaceoncloning.DR_Text7ClaimtoFame第五十九页，共195页。Ididn’tanticipateitwouldcreatethefirestormofcontroversythatit’screated,butI’mstillgladwewentdownthatpath.Wereceivedthousandsofe-mailsandphonecallsfrompeoplewhoneedhelp.Ithinkbycomingforwardandputtingafacetoitwemadeitveryreal,andnowpeoplearoundtheworldknowthatcloningishere.Ibelievethatverysoonitwillbeusedtherapeutically,soIthinkourpurposewasserved.PureScienceWhathappensisaninformedandconsentingwomandonatesaneggandweremovehergeneticmaterialfromtheegg.Thenweplaceasingleskincellinsidethategg.DR_Text8第六十页，共195页。Whatwe’rereallyinterestediniscreatingdisease-specificandperson-specificstemcelllines.Theprocedureoftakingcellsfromapersontakesnomorethanaminuteortwo.Youcantakesomeskincellsfromthearm,forexample,andinonetotwominutes,youcangetthecellsthatyouneedtocarryoutthisprocess.Thisprocessenablesustostudythecausesofspecificdiseases,suchasAlzheimer’sDisease,ALSorParkinson’sDisease,andthenresearchavarietyoftreatmentsforthesediseases.Ifthestemcelllinesarecreatedforanygivenindividualandarelatertransplantedbackintotheindividual,theywillnotberejectedbytheindividual.DR_Text9第六十一页，共195页。DR_Text10SweetSuccess

IalwaysthoughtthatwhenourresearchwassuccessfulIwouldjustbepleasedthatwehadaccomplishedthiswhenothershadnot.Inreality,itistranscendenttranscendent—whenyoulookthroughthemicroscope,youseewhatyoumayhavelookedlikealongtimeago,atleastinpart.第六十二页，共195页。

WhenIlookeddownandsawthatclonedblastocyst,itbroughttearstomyeyes.Ihaddonethisformymother,andIrealized,hadsheonlybeenabletoliveafewyearslonger,maybewecouldhaveusedthistechnologytohelpher.Itwasemotionaltoseethatpotential,whichsheneverhadachancetoexperience.There’sabigmisconceptionouttherethatwedecidedtodestroytheseembryosforsomereason.Therewassomuchskepticismaboutthisprocessbecauseofthescientificfraudfromthepastthatitwascriticalthattherebenodoubtthattheywereclones.DR_Text11第六十三页，共195页。DR_Text12Intheprocessofanalysis,theembryosweredestroyedbynecessity.Inotherwords,togetthegeneticmaterialfrominsidethecellstoanalyzeit,youhavetodestroythecell.Wewouldhavelovedtohavebeenabletoavoiddestroyingthem.Nowwe’reworkingfull-timeoncreatingstemcelllines,andpeoplearewatchingwithgreatinterest.ThePopeAndThePresidentThereareavarietyofopponentstoourwork.第六十四页，共195页。DR_Text13

WewerecondemnedbytheVaticanandmentionedinanegativelightinPresidentBush’sStateoftheUnionaddress.Inasenseit’sanhonorbecauseitshowsthatwe’redoingdoingsomethingsignificant.It’snoteverydaythatyougetcondemnedbytheVaticanandPresidentBushinthesameweek.There’susuallynodialoguebetweentheresearchersintheembryonicstemcellfieldandthosewhoopposeit.第六十五页，共195页。DR_Text14

Itdoesn’tmakesensetomethatit’ssuchanemotionalandcontentioustopic.Logically,thisisnotlife.Iagreeit’sapotentiallife,butthevastmajorityofembryosneverbecomelife.Themajoritygenerate,don’timplantanddie.Afetusisalife.Thatargumentmakessensetome,butitdoesn’tmakesensetometolookatanembryoinalabandgiveitalltherightsofahumanlife.第六十六页，共195页。DR_Sentence2_Sadly,she…不幸的是，她患上了糖尿病引起的并发症。当她丧失视力和大部分行走能力(nénglì)时，我惊恐万状。1.Whatdoes“complications”specificallyreferto?Itreferstothediseasesderivedfromdiabetes,likethelossofeyesightandbeingunabletomove.Sadly,shedevelopedcomplicationsrelatedtodiabetes.Whenshelosthereyesightandmostofherabilitytowalk,itwasabsolutelyhorrifyingforme.2.TranslatethesesentencesintoChinese.第六十七页，共195页。DR_Sentence2_Ifoundedthestemcell…Whatisincommonbetweenthetwofounders?Theybothlosttheirparenttoaterribledisease.IfoundedthestemcellresearchcompanyStemagenwithanothergentlemanwhosefatherhaddiedofALS.第六十八页，共195页。DR_Sentence3_Itwouldjustbe…Itwouldjustbeabsolutelywrongtotakeahumanbeingandputthemthroughwhatmaywellinvolvesignificantsufferingforreallynogoodend.1.Whatistherealsubjectofthesentence?“totakeahumanbeingandputthemthroughwhatmaywellinvolvesignificantsufferingforreallynogoodend”.2.WhatisDr.Woodtalkingabout?He’stalkingabouttheterribleaspectsofreproductivecloning.第六十九页，共195页。DR_Ontheotherhand…1.Whatare“someawfulthings”?Terriblepaingeneratedbydiseases.Ontheotherhand,therapeuticcloningdoesnotinvolveanytypeofrisktohumanlifeandactuallyprovidestremendouspotentialforthereliefofsufferinginrealhumanbeingswhoaregoingthroughsomeawfulthings.2.WhatisDr.Wood’sattitudetowardstherapeuticcloning?Heholdsapositiveattitudetowardsit.第七十页，共195页。DR_Sentence7_There’sreallynoeffective…There’sreallynoeffectivewayforanindividualscientisttostopsomeoneelsefromusingtheknowledgeforsomethingtheyshouldn’t.1.Whatdoes“somethingtheyshouldn’t”mean?Itmeanshumanreproductivecloning.2.AccordingtoDr.Wood,isitpossibletostophumanreproductivecloning?No.Hehonestlythinksthatsomeonewillattempthumanreproductivecloningandthereisnowaytostopit.第七十一页，共195页。DR_Sentence8_Iwouldhopethatthe…1.Paraphrase“legislationthat’sinplace”.Appropriatelegislation.Iwouldhopethatthelegislationthat’sinplaceandthegreatpublicdisapprovalthatwouldresultfromanyattempttocloneahumanwoulddissuadeanyonefromgoingdownthatpath.2.Whatisthepublicagainst?Thepublicisagainsttheattempttocloneahuman.第七十二页，共195页。DR_Sentence8_Intheendwedecidedthat…1.Paraphrasethesentence.Intheendwedecidedthatwewantedtoputahumanfaceoncloning.Atlastwedecidedthatwewantedtoassociatecloningwithaspecificpersonsoastomakeitveryreal.2.WhydidDr.Woodandhisresearchgroupputahumanfaceoncloning?Becausebydoingso,theycouldmakecloningveryrealsothatpeoplearoundtheworldknowthatcloningiscomingalong.第七十三页，共195页。DR_Sentence9_WhenIlookeddownand…1.HowdidDr.Woodfeelatthattime?WhenIlookeddownandsawthatclonedblastocyst,itbroughttearstomyeyes.Hefeltveryexcitedandemotional.2.Whydidthesightoftheclonedblastocystbringtearstohiseyes?Becausetheresearchwasdoneforhismother,andherealizedthatifshehadonlybeenabletoliveafewyearslonger,maybetheycouldhaveusedthistechnologytohelpher.第七十四页，共195页。DR_Sentence9_Wewouldhaveloved…Wewouldhavelovedtohavebeenabletoavoiddestroyingthem.1.What’sthegrammaticalfeatureofthissentence?Thesubjunctivemood.2.HowdidDr.Woodthinkaboutdestroyingthem?Hethoughtitwasapity.第七十五页，共195页。DR_Sentence9_Itdoesn’tmakesense…Itdoesn’tmakesensetomethatit’ssuchanemotionalandcontentioustopic.1.Dopeoplealreadyhaveanagreementonthistopic?No.It’sstilldisputable.2.WhydoesDr.Woodarguethatitdoesn’tmakesensetomaketheirworkanemotionalandcontentioustopic?Becausehethinksthatlogically.Accordingtohim,anembryoisnotlife,althoughitisapotentiallife.Thevastmajorityofembryosneverbecomelife—theyjustgenerate,don’timplantanddie.第七十六页，共195页。Manycarslookalikebecausetheirmakersclonedtheircompetitors’designs.DR_word_cloneclone:1.n.agroupofgeneticallyidenticalcellsororganismsderivedfromasinglecellorindividualbysomekindofasexualreproductionResearchersproducedclonesfromadultmicein1998.2.v.makemultipleidenticalcopiesofThedebatecontinuesoverwhetheritisethicallyrighttocloneahumanembryo.第七十七页，共195页。DR_word_brilliant1brilliant:adj.ofsurpassingexcellenceHehasgotbrilliantachievementsinthefieldofphysics.她很有才华，但工作缺乏(quēfá)条理。Sheisbrilliantbutherwor