高级英语 张汉熙 上册第十课

Unit10

TheTrialThatRockedtheWorldTeachingObjectivesofUnit10ToacquaintstudentswiththesocialbackgroundofUSAaroundthe1920’s;Toacquaintstudentswiththetrialprocedure;Tohelpstudentsunderstandtheconflictbetweenthetwoparties;Tohelpstudentstoappreciatethehumorouswritingstyleofthetext;Certainlegalterms

(Teacher’sBookpp211-213CivillawCriminallawStatecourtsvs.FederalcourtsThejurytrial/GrandjuryVerdictSentencingWitness/testifyChargeCross–examinationObjectionadjournStructureofthetextPartI(1-9)IntroductionPartII(10-44)TheTrialPartIII(45-48)ThePost-TrialHappeningsPartI(1-9)IntroductionPp(1-2)OpeningScenePp(3-9)FlashbackPart

1AbuzzranthroughthecrowdasItookmyplaceinthepackedcourtonthatswelteringJulydayin1925.ThecounselformydefencewasthefamouscriminallawyerClarenceDarrow.LeadingcounselfortheprosecutionwasWilliamJenningsBryan,thesilver-tonguedorator,threetimesDemocraticnomineeforPresidentoftheUnitedStates,andleaderofthefundamentalistmovementthathadbroughtaboutthetrial.

buzz:anoiseofalowhum,lowconfusedwhisper/alongcontinuoussounde.g.Mosquitoesbuzzedaroundmeallnight.Abuzzofexcitementfilledthecourtroomasthedefendantwasledin.sweltering:veryhot,causingunpleasantnesstoswelter:beveryuncomfortablebecausetheweatherisextremelyhot.e.g.Fredswelteredatnightinthestuffy,crowdeddormitory.silver-tongued:(lit.)abletogivefinepersuadingspeeches,eloquent,idiom:bebornwithasilverspooninone’smouthnominee:apersonwhohasbeennamedofficiallyforelectiontoaposition,office,honor,etc.Nominate(v.)aNobelPrizenominee/apresidentialnomineeonhand,athand,onhand,outofhandonhand:present,available.e.g.AllhisoldfriendswillbeonhandtoseeJackreceivethemedalofhonor.Alwayshaveyourdictionaryonhandwhenyoustudy.athand:nearintimeorplacee.g.Iwantyoutobeathandduringmyinterviewwiththebossofthecompany.Thepostofficeiscloseathand.

on(one's)hands//upon(one's)hands:Inone'spossession,oftenasanimposedresponsibilityorburden:由某人负责e.g.Nowtheyhavethegrandchildrenontheirhands.Sorry,Icannothelpyouatthemoment.Ihaveseveralcasesonhandsmyself.outofhand:Outofcontrol:失去控制：e.g.Thesituationhasgottenoutofhand.reassurevs.assurereassure:comfortandmakefreefromfear,stopworryingoftenbysayingsth.kindorfriendly使人安心，宽慰e.g.Shejustreassuredmethateverythingwasfine.IfeelmuchmorereassuredwhenI’vehadahealthcheck.ItwasreassuringtohearJohn’sfamiliarvoice.Shegavemesomereassuringnews.assure:trytocausetobelieveortrustinsth.;emphasizethetruthofwhatoneissaying.使人确信e.g.Thecaptainassuredthepassengersthattherewasnodanger.

Icanassureyou,Iassureyou,letmeassureyou

Icanassureyouthatyoursoniswelltakencareofnow.Iammoreassuredinourwiningthegamethaneverbefore.Ifhefailstowinhere,hewillmostassuredlylosetheWhiteHouse.Ourvictoryisassured

Para

3-9Thecasehaderuptedroundmyhead

notlongafter…(synecdoche)Aclashhadbeenbuiltupbetweenthefundamentalistsandthemodernists.erupt:burstforthorout，asfromsomerestraintemergesuddenlyandviolentlye.g.Enoughlavahaderuptedfromthevolcanotoburytheentirevillage.Afightbetweentheopposingteamseruptedduringthegame.Laughter/angereruptedfromtheaudience.Buildup:setup/develop;strengthen;accumulate;increasegradually;makeknownbyadvertising;

e.g.Theyarebuildingupanew,free,healthypeople’scultureofscienceandart.Theyhavebuiltupagoodreputation.Exercisebuildsupthemuscles.Wemustbuildupareservefundtomeetemergencies.Wefirsthavetobuildupourreservesofmanpower.Tensionisbuildingupbetweenthetwonegotiatingparties.ThenoisebuiltupuntilMarycouldnotstanditanylonger.Don’tbuildmeuptoomuch.Imaydisappointyou.Themoviecompanyspentmuchmoneybuildingupitsnewmovie.Thepressgavehimatremendousbuild-up.Therewasasubstantialbuildupofforeignexchangereserves.Abuild-upofenemyforceshasbeenreported.WhenIwasindictedonMay7,noone,leastofallI,anticipatedthatmycasewouldsnowballintooneofthemostfamoustrialsinU.S.history.(metaphor)indict:sb.foracrime:tochargethemwithitofficiallye.g.Fivemenwerecaughtatthesceneandindicted.

cf:accuse,charge,prosecute,blameOneaccusessb.ofcheating.Onechargessb.withcheating.Oneblamessb.forthefailuresnowball:toincreaseinscalee.g.Oppositiontothewarsnowballed.Supportforthenewpolicyissnowballing.

PartII.Paras10-44:thetrial

Paras10-15:thefirstdayofthetrial

Paras16-25:theseconddayofthetrialParas26-28:outsidethecourtwhileadjourning

Paras29-44:theclimaxandverdictofthetrialPara

10

BythetimethetrialbeganonJuly10,ourtownof1500peoplehadtakenonacircusatmosphere.Thebuildingsalongthemainstreetwerefestoonedwithbanners.Thestreetsaroundthethree-storeyredbricklawcourtsproutedwith

ricketystandssellinghotdogs,religiousbooksandwatermelons.Evangelistssetuptentstoexhortthepassersby,…arrivedtocheerBryanagainstthe“infideloutsiders.”AmongthemwasJohnButler,whohaddrawnuptheanti-evolutionlaw.Butlerwasa49-year-oldfarmerwhobeforehiselectionhadneverbeenoutofhisnativecounty.Whatcanyoutellfromtheatmosphere?

sprout:togroworcomeout,appearandspreadrapidlye.g.Budssproutinspring.Leavesbeginsproutingfromtrees.Storeshavesproutedupnearthenewfactories.Beansproutsareveryhealthytoeat.

rickety:weakinjointsandlikelytobreak,esp.structureorfurniturenotverystrongorwellmade.ricketyoldman/stairs/cartRickets:adiseasethatchildrencangetwhentheirfooddoesnotcontainenoughVitaminD.Itmakestheirbonessoft.

exhort:urgeearnestlybyadvice,warning,etc.规劝，劝诫e.g.Kennedyexhortedhislistenerstoturnawayfromviolence.exhortationsn.

ComparethetwopartiesofthetrialThecounselforJohnScopes’defence:Educationalbackground/Religiousbackground/Racialbackground:ClarenceDarrow:thefamouscriminallawyer,wellpreparedandquitesureofhimself(L.13);shrewd,68-year-old(L.58);anagnosticDudleyFieldMalone:handsomeandmagnetic;aCatholic(L.61)ArthurGarfieldHays:quiet,scholarlyandsteepedinthelaw;aJewOthersAdozendistinguishedprofessorsandscientistsledbyProfessorKirtleyMatherofHarvardUniversityreadytotestifyonJohnScopes’behalf.Butthejudgeruledagainstpermittingthescientiststotestifyforthedefence.

Thecounselfortheprosecution:

Educationalbackground/Religiousbackground/Racialbackground:WilliamJenningsBryan:thesilver-tonguedorator,threetimesDemocraticnomineeforPresidentoftheU.S.,leaderofthefundamentalistmovement;ageing,paunchy

TomStewart:Bryan’sson,alawyer,Tennessee’sbrilliantyoungattorney-generalOthercharacters:JohnRaulston:thepresidingjudge,aflorid-facedmanwhoannounced:“I’mjistareg’larmountaineerjedge.”Butler:A49-year-oldfarmer,whohaddrawnuptheanti-evolutionlaw,beforehiselectionhadneverbeenoutofhisnativecounty.12Jurors:3hadneverreadanybookexcepttheBible.Onecouldn’tread.Para

13-15

Darrow’sSpeech

“Myfriendtheattorney-generalsaysthatJohnScopesknowwhatheisherefor,”Darrowdrawled.“Iknowwhatheisherefor,too.Heisherebecauseignoranceandbigotryarerampant,anditisamightystrongcombination.”

Darrowwalkedslowlyroundthebakingcourt.“Todayitistheteachers,”hecontinued,”andtomorrowthemagazines,thebooks,thenewspapers.Afterawhile,itisthesettingofmanagainstmanandcreedagainstcreeduntilwearemarchingbackwardstothegloriousageofthesixteenthcenturywhenbigotslightedfagotstoburnthemenwhodaredtobringanyintelligenceandenlightenmentandculturetothehumanmind.”

“Thatdamnedinfidel,”awomanwhisperedloudlyashefinishedhisaddress.WhatwasDarrow’spoint?Whatwastheaudience’sresponse?bigot—personwhoholdsstrongbeliefsandopinions,andisintolerantofanyonewhodisagrees.Bigotry(behaviororattitudeofabigot)fagot—bundleofsticks,twigs,orbranches(esp.fortheuseoffuel)(irony;irony;irony;assonance;oxymoron)Para

18-20

Bryan’sSpeech“TheChristianbelievesthatmancamefromabove.Theevolutionistbelievesthathemusthavecomefrombelow.”

ThespectatorschuckledandBryanwarmedtohiswork.InonehandhebrandishedabiologytextashedenouncedthescientistswhohadcometoDaytontotestifyforthedefence.

“TheBible,”hethunderedinhissonorousorgantones,“isnotgoingtobedrivenoutofthiscourtbyexpertswhocomehundredsofmilestotestifythattheycanreconcile

evolutionwithitsancestors

inthejungle,withmanmadebyGodinHisimageandputhereforHispurposeaspartofadivineplan.Para

21-23Ashefinished,jawout-thrust,eyesflashing,theaudienceburstintoapplauseandshoutsof“Amen”.Yetsomethingwaslacking.GonewasthefiercefervourofthedayswhenBryanhadsweptthepoliticalarenalikeaprairiefire.Thecrowdseemedtofeelthattheirchampionhadnotscorchedtheinfidelswiththehotbreathofhisoratoryasheshouldhave.Whatisthespectators’response?DudleyFieldMalone’sspeech“Mr.Bryanisnottheonlyonewhohastherighttospeakforthebible,”heobserved.“ThereareotherpeopleinthiscountrywhohavegivenuptheirwholelivestoGodandreligion.Mr.Bryan,withpassionatespiritandenthusiasm,hasgivenmostofhislifetopolitics.”BryansippedfromajugofwaterasMalone’svoicegrewinvolume.Heappealedforintellectualfreedom,andaccusedBryanofcallingforadueltothedeathbetweenscienceandreligion.“Thereisneveraduelwiththetruth,”heroared.“Thetruthalwayswins–andwearenotafraidofit.ThetruthdoesnotneedMr.Bryan.Thetruthiseternal,immortalandneedsnohumanagencytosupportit!”WhenMalonefinishedtherewasamomentaryhush.ThenthecourtburstintoastormofapplausethatsurpassedthatforBryan.ButalthoughMalonehadwontheoratoricalduelwithBryan,thejudgeruledagainstpermittingthescientiststestifyforthedefence.rampant:widespreadandimpossibletocontrolAcityoframpantviolence暴力活动失去控制的城市Richsoilmakessomeplantstoorampant.Mosquitoesarerampantinthedormitory.enlighten:causetounderstand,freefromignoranceorfalsebeliefs,givemoreknowledge.启蒙，启发e.g.theageofEnlightenmentinthe18thcentury启蒙时代PeterthoughtthattheworldwasflatuntilIenlightenedhim.在我开导他之前，Peter认为地球是平的。enlightenedopinions开明的观点

reconcile…with:

1)settle(aquarrel),becomefriendlyagainafteraquarrelordisagreement使和解,

e.g.HeneverbelievedthatheandSusanwouldbereconciled.MyattempttoreconcilehimwithTobyfailed.

2)reconcileoneselftoanunpleasantsituation:toacceptitalthoughitdoesnotmakeyouhappytodoso.使甘心于,使能适应e.g.Shehadreconciledherselftoneverseeinghimagain.Hecouldn’teasilybereconciledtotheprospectofafallingincome.

3)toreconciletwobeliefs,facts,ordemands:trytofindawayinwhichbothcanbetrueorfulfilled.e.g.It’sdifficulttoreconcilethedemandsofmyjobandthedesiretobeagoodfather.

4)tomakecompatiblewith使一致Thetwosetsoffigurescan’tbereconciled.Itisdifficulttoreconcilepeople’sstatementswiththeiractions.Thefriendsmanagedtobringaboutareconciliationbetweenthecouples.Heinformedhisrivalthathewishedreconciliation.Gonewasthefiercefervour…

童年时期那无忧无虑的日子一去不复返了.Gonearethecare-freedaysofourchildhood.他一呼百应的美好时光一去不复返了.Goneisthegoodtimewheneverybodywasathiscommand.fervour:passion,zeal,enthusiasm,intenseheatspeakwithgreatfervourfervent:showingstrongandwarmfeelings,hot,passionateaferventlove/hatredaferventlover/admirer(痴心的倾慕者）scorch:toburn,discolor,damagethesurfaceofsthbysuperficialburning(烧焦).Thehotironscorchedthetablecloth.Themeatwasblackandscorchedontheoutsidebutstillrawinside.Thehotweatherscorchedthegrass.(使枯萎)Scorchingheat;Scorchinghot;Para

26-28

Outsidethecourtwhileadjourning

Whenthecourtadjourned,wefoundDayton’sstreetsswarmingwithstrangers.Hawkerscriedtheirwaresoneverycorner.Oneshopannounced:DARWINISRIGHT–INSIDE.(ThiswasJ.R.Darwin’sEverythingtoWearStore.)Oneentrepreneurrentedashopwindowtodisplayanape.Spectatorspaidtogazeatitandponderwhethertheymightberelated.“Thepoorbrute

coweredinacornerwithhishandsoverhiseyes,”areporternoted,“afraiditmightbetrue.”H.L.Menckenwrotesulphurousdispatchessittinginhispantswithafanblowingonhim,andtherewastalkofrunninghimoutoftownforreferringtothelocalcitizenryasyokels.Twenty-twotelegraphistsweresendingout165000wordsadayonthetrial.Whatwasthetoneintheseparagraphs?Whatwastheatmospherelikeatthistime?Whatwastheape’sresponse?Whatisyourinterpretation?(pun)Paras29-44:theclimaxandverdictofthetrial

(para31)…Resolutelyhestrodetothestand,carryingapalmfanlikeaswardtorepelhisenemies.(para32)UnderDarrow’squietquestioningheacknowledgedbelievingtheBibleliterally,andthecrowdpunctuatedhisdefiantreplieswithfervent“Amens”….(para35)Bryanmoppedhisbalddomeinsilence.Thereweresniggers

fromthecrowd,evenamongthefaithful.Darrowtwirledhisspectaclesashepursuedthequestioning….(para39)Thecrowdlaughed,andBryanturnedlivid.Hisvoiceroseandthefaninhishandshookinanger.(para40)“Yourhonour,”hesaid.“IwillanswerallMr.Darrow’squestionsatonce.IwanttheworldtoknowthatthismanwhodoesnotbelieveinGodisusingaTennesseecourttocastslursonHim…”……(para42)Thejudgeusedhisgaveltoquellthehubbub

andadjournedcourtuntilnextday.(para43)Bryanstoodforlornlyalone.MyheartwentouttotheoldwarriorasspectatorspushedbyhimtoshakeDarrow’shand.stride:quick,longsteps,v.,n.,e.g.Heturnedabruptlyandstrodeoffthecorridor.Hewalkedwithlongstrides.Thecountryhasmadeenormousstridespoliticallybutnoteconomically.

punctuate:tointerruptatintervalse.g.Thesilenceofthenightwaspunctuatedbythedistantrumbleoftraffic.Hepunctuatedhissolemnremarkswithafewwell-chosenjokes.Hedidnotbothertopunctuatethetelegraphmessage.repel:todriveback;repulse;feelsickabout…e.g.torepelanattackYoushouldtrytorepelthethoughtofcommittingsuicide.Heruntidyappearancerepelledme.Hislong,roughbeardrepelschildren.repellent,

Cheatingisrepellenttohonestpeople.Mr.Sternhasacold,repellentmanner.Thisfabriciswater-repellent.

castslursonSlur:Anyremarkoractionthatharmsorismeanttoharmsomeone’sreputation;reproach,stigma,etc.诽谤，诋毁，破坏名誉，e.g.Don’tslurmybrother’sreputation.Theneighborstalkedabouteachotherwithuglyslurs.Therumorscastasluruponmygoodname.

slur,v.unclearinpronouncing.发音不清，含糊发音Ican’tunderstandyouwhenyousluryourwordslikethat.Toslurwordsistotalkwithyourwordsrunningintoeachothersothattheyarenotclear.

toslurover…(一语带过，不多说）Heslurredoverthedeadman’sfaultsandspokechieflyofhisvirtues.Heslurredoverthefactsandfiguresinhisargument.Yourslurmakesitdifficultforustounderstandyou.PartIII(45-48)ThePost-TrialHappenings

(para44)DudleyFieldMalonecalledmyconvictiona“victoriousdefeat.”Afewsouthernpapers,loyaltotheirfadedchampion,haileditasavictoryforBryan.ButBryan,sadandexhausted,diedinDaytontwodaysafterthetrial.……(para46)NotlongagoIwentbacktoDaytonforthefirsttimesincemytrial37yearsago.Thelittletownlookedmuchthesametome.ButnowtherewasaWilliamJenningsBryanUniversityonahill-topoverlookingthevalley.(para47)Therewereotherchanges,too.EvolutionistaughtinTennessee,thoughthelawunderwhichIwasconvictedisstillonthebooks.TheoratoricalstormthatClarenceDarrowandDudleyFieldMaloneblewupinthelittlecourtinDaytonsweptlikeafresh

windthroughtheschoolsandlegislativeofficesoftheUnitedStates,bringinginitswakeanewclimate

ofintellectualandacademicfreedomthathasgrownwiththepassingyears.Whatdoyouthinkoftheironyinthelasttwoparagraphs?(oxymoron;metaphor;simile;metaphor)Avictoriousdefeat:oxymoron

Partingissuchsweetsorrow.

Beautifultyrant!FiendangelicalDove-feather’draven!Wolvish-raveninglamb!Despisedsubstanceofdivinestshow!Justoppositetowhatthoujustlyseem’st,Adamnedsaint,anhonorablevillain.(RomeoandJulietIII.ii.73-85)(美丽的暴君！天使般的魔鬼！披着白鸽羽毛的乌鸦！豺狼一样残忍的羔羊！圣洁的外表包覆着丑恶的实质！你的内心刚巧和你的形状相反，一个万恶的圣人，一个庄严的奸徒）hail:a.tosalute,greetwithenthusiasticapprovalThecrowdhailedthevictor.Thepeoplelinedthestreetstohailthereturningheroes.b.TopraisepubliclyMarkTwainwashailedasthegreatestAmericanhumoristofhisday.USmagazineshailedherasthegreatestrock’n’rollsingerintheworld.c.tosummonbycallingtohailataxi/apassingboatinitswakeInthewakeof…:tofollowSeagullsfollowedinthewakeoftheship.Wesawawhalefollowinginthewakeoftheship.Thecarbringsinitswakeablacksmoke.PresidentNixonresignedinthewakeoftheWatergatescandal.Manytroublesfollowinthewakeofwar.Diseasesoftenfollowinthewakeofflood./ThefloodbringsinitswakediseasesDecidewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrueorfalseaccordingtothetext.

AdozenprofessorsandscientistfromvariouspartsofthecountryarrivedatDaytonandformedacounseltodefendJohnScopes.JohnScopestaughtevolutionandhedidnotbelieveinGod.Ifanyonehadforeseenthatthecasewouldsnowball,it