高级英语第一册-Unit10

*of

13TheTrialthatRockedtheWorldFigureofSpeech

Hyperbole

Thetrailthatrockedtheworld（Title）

夸张01移就

Transferred

epithetTransferredepithetisafigureofspeechwhereanepithet(anadjectiveordescriptivephrase)istransferredfromnounitshouldrightlymodifytoanothertowhichitdoesnotreallybelong.将本应该用来修饰某一类名词的修饰语用来修饰另一类名词

Transferred

epithet“Don’tworry,son,we’llshowthemafewtricks.”Darrowhadwhisperedthrowingareassuringarmroundmyshoulderaswewerewaitingforthecourttoopen.(Para.2)02就在我们静候着法庭开审的时候，达罗关切地搂住我的肩膀低声安慰道：“别担心，孩子，我们会给他们点厉害瞧瞧。”翻译移就Classification

Darrowhadwhisperedthrowingareassuringarmroundmyshoulderaswewerewaitingforthecourttoopen.reassuring属于描写人的表述词语，移来描写人体的一部分，说明某种行为动作，使之带上人的情感。

Darrowwalkedslowlyroundthebakingcourt(Para.14)

达罗绕着那气氛紧张、异常闷热的法庭踱着步。

baking本来是指烤面包，所以作者在此移来说明另一具体事物court，描述法庭在审理这场震惊世界的审判时紧张而闷热的气氛。

adj.+sb.

——adj.+sth.adj.+something-adj.+anotherthing

adj.+sth.——adj.+sb.

He

is

not

an

easy

writer.

他是一个作品很难读懂的作家。easy本来用于说明事物,即修饰作品而不是作家,作者在此移用来修饰人writer,aneasywriter等于awriterwhoseworksareeasytoread作品易懂的作家。2023/1/15Oxymoron03Itisacompressedparadox,formedbytheconjoiningoftwocontrasting,contradictoryorincongruoustermsasinbitter-sweetmemories,orderlychaosandproudhumility.

两个互相矛盾，互不调和的词放在同一个短语中，产生特殊的深刻含义的一种修辞手段。DudleyFieldMaloncalledmyconvictiona“victoriousdefeat”(Para.45)定义矛盾修饰体Oxymoron

adj.+udhumility骄傲的谦卑presentparticiple→adj.speakingsilence千言万语的沉默pastparticiple→adj.long-liveddeath永生的死亡

adj.+adj.bitter-sweetmemories苦甜参半的回忆poorrichguys贫穷的富人coldpleasantmanner冷淡热情的态度badgoodnews坏的好消息

adv.+adj.awiselystupididea自作聪明的傻主意amercifullyfatalblow仁慈的致命打击Falselytruewords.虚伪诚实的话

adj.+udhumility骄傲的谦卑presentparticiple→adj.speakingsilence千言万语的沉默pastparticiple→adj.long-liveddeath永生的死亡Antithesis

TheChristianbelievesthatmancamefromabove.Theevolutionistbelievesthathemusthavecomefrombelow.(Para.20)基督徒相信人来自天上，进化论者则认为人一定是来自地下。04对照Pun

Oneshopannounced:DARWINISRIGHT—INSIDE.(Para.26)有家商店的招牌上写道：达尔文：没错——就在里面。05

句中Darwin既为此店老板的名字，又是科学家达尔文的名字。right既有“一直、正好”，也有“正确的”含义，故此句的字面意思是:“达尔文服装店”，但此句也可理解为“达尔文学说是正确的”。双关语ExampleJudge:Order!Order!Orderinthecourt!

Prisoner：I’lltakeahamsandwich（火腿三明治）onryewithbeer.

这是一则幽默笑话，作者利用order一词的双关，它既有秩序、肃静之意，又可作“点菜”之解来制造幽默，法官在法庭上说order，是要犯人安静，而犯人利用order也可作动词“点菜”的意思，故意捣乱，令人捧腹大笑，幽默感油然而生。

富兰克林（BenjaminFranklin）有这样一句名言:

Wemustallhangtogether，orweshallhangseparately.

这里hang一词具有“团结”和“吊死”的意思。富兰克林用这样精练的一句话告诫人们团结的重要性——如果不团结在一起，就可能会被一个个吊死。

Irony06Afterawhile,itisthesettingofmanagainstmanandcreedagainstcreeduntilwearemarchingbackwardstothegloriousageofthe16thcenturywhenbigotslightedfaggotstoburnthemenwhodaredtobringanyintelligenceandenlightenmentandculturetothehumanmind.(Para.14)Ironyisafigureofspeechthatachievesemphasisby。sayingtheoppositeofwhatismeant,theintendedmeaningofthewordsbeingtheoppositeoftheirusualsense.即通常所谓的说反话，正意反说，反意正说，常用于讽刺或嘲弄的场合要不了多久，社会上便会是一种人与人为仇，教派与教派为敌的局面，直到我们的社会大踏步地退回到十六世纪那光辉的年代，那时如果有谁胆敢给人类带来智慧、知识和文化，就会被那些愚昧的偏执狂们点燃柴堆活活烧死。”

definition反语反语Ridicule07Resolutelyhestrodetothestand,carryingapalmfanlikeaswordtorepelhisenemies.（Para.31)Bryanmoppedhisbalddomeinsilence.(Para35)Bryan,ageingandpaunchy,wasassistedbyhisson…(Para11)

讥讽讥讽unkinddescriptionsthatareintendedtomakesomeoneorsomethingseemstupid.definition

Sarcasm08对照1.Heisherebecauseignoranceandbigotryarerampant,anditisamightystrongcombination.(Para13)2.“Hesaidmanhadreasoningpower.”“Thereissomedoubtaboutthat,”Darrowsnorted.SynecdocheThecasehaderuptedroundmyhead.(Para.3)09提喻atypeofmetaphorinwhichthepartstandsforthewhole,thewholeforapart,thegenusforthespecies,thespeciesforthegenus,thematerialforthethingmade,orinshort,anyportion,section,ormainqualityforthewholeorthethingitself(orviceversa).Metonymy

1....tomorrowthemagazines,thebooks,thenewspapers...(Para14)2.TheChristianbelievesthatmancamefromabove....(Para20)3.TheOldcount’sfloormightcollapseundertheweight(Para29)10

atypeofmetaphorinwhichthepartstandsforthewhole,thewholeforapart,thegenusforthespecies,thespeciesforthegenus,thematerialforthethingmade,orinshort,anyportion,section,ormainqualityforthewholeorthethingitself(orviceversa).定义转喻Simile

1....sweptthearenalikeaprairiefire(para22)2....apalmfanslikeasword...（para31)3.Theoratoricalstormsweptlikeafreshwindthroughtheschool(para48)11明喻Metaphor

1.MycasewouldsnowballintooneofthemostfamoustrialsintheU.S.history.（para9)2.Hethunderedinhissonorousorgantones.(para21）3.Thechampionhadnotscorchedtheinfidelswiththebreathofhisoratoryasheshouldhave.（para22)12暗喻Para11.Inatrial…Darrowwasaagnostic,MaloneaCatholicandHaysaJew

:

Fromthemake-upofthelegalcounselforthedefense,wecouldseethatprobablytheywerepeoplemorebroad-mindedandmoreobjectiveintheirlook.You’vegotsomebodynotbelievinginGod,you’vegotsomebodywhowasaCatholicandyou’vegotsomebodywhowasaJew.

Para3.Thefundamentalistsadheredto（坚持，忠于）

aliteral（adj.逐字的）

interpretationoftheOldTestament（旧约全书）

.Themodernists,ontheotherhand,acceptedthetheoryadvancedbyCharlesDarwin(查尔斯﹒达尔文)—thatallanimallife,includingmonkeysandmen,hadevolved（v.发展，进化）

fromacommonancestor.adhereto—believein,followdevotedly坚持，拥护，追随

原教旨主义者顽固地按字面意义去理解《旧约全书》，而现代主义者则接受查尔斯﹒达尔文的进化论思想——一切动物，包括人和猿，都是由同一祖先进化而来的。

(Para3)Foranumberofyearsaclashhadbeenbuildingup（酝酿）

betweenthefundamentalistsandthemodernists.

数年来，原教旨主义者和现代主义者之间的冲突一直在酝酿之中。Para:Theconflictbetweenthefundamentalists