定语从句讲义 2022届高中英语二轮复习语法专项

英语个性化教学辅导教案I,定语从句的引导词学生年级上课地点第次授课授课时间星期学科老师教学规划师教学课题定语从句教学内容㈠关系代词⑴关系代词种类引导词先行词从句中的成分that人、物主，宾，表which物主，宾，表who人主，宾whom人宾whose人、物定as物主，宾，表(l)TheboyswhoareplayingfootballarefromClassOne.(2)Themanwho/whomyoumetjustnowismyfriend.(3)Footballisagamewhichislikedbymostboys.(which在句子中做主语)(4)Thisisthepen(which)heboughtyesterday.(which在句子中做宾语)(5)Whereisthemanthat/whomIsawthismorning?(在句子中做宾语)(6)Hehasafriendwhosefatherisadoctor.(在句子中做定语)(7)1livedinahousewhoseroofhasfallenin.(在句子中做定语)⑵易混关系词的辨析which/that/who⑴只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况①领先行词是everything,anything,nothing,all,none,some,few,little等不定代词时，或者先行词被all,any,no,little,few,much修饰时,只能用关系代词that引导定语从句。Allthatisneededisasupplyofoil.Finally,thethiefhandedeverythingthathehadstolentothepolice.②当主句中的主语是疑问词who或which时，为防止重复，后面的定语从句要that来引导。Whichisthebookthatyouwanttobuy?Whoisthepersonthatyouwanttomeet?③领先行词被序数词或者形容词最高级修饰时或者先行词为序数词或基数词时，关系代词只用that.ThisisthefirstbookthatIboughtlastyear.④先行词有theonly,thevery,thesame修饰时，只用thatoThisisthesamepenthatlostyesterday.Thisisthesamepenaslostyesterday.⑤在therebe句型中，只用that,不用whichIsthereabookthatyouborrowedinthelibrary?⑥先行词既有人，又有物时。Theytalkedofthingsandpersonsthattheyremembered.⑦先行词指物，在主句中作表语时.Isthisthepenthatyouwant?⑵不用that的情况①在引导非限定性定语从句时。(错)Thetree,thatisfourhundredyearsold,isveryfamoushere.②介词后不能用。Wedependonthelandfromwhichwegetourfood.Wedependonthelandthat/whichwegetourfoodfrom.③先行词为that/who时只用whichWhat'sthatwhichisunderthetree?which/asas和which的相同点⑴as和which都可引导非限制性定语从句，放在主句之后，在非限制性定语从句中充当从句的主语、宾语或表语。Tomhasfoundagoodjob,as/whichweallhope.汤姆找到了一件好工作，这正是我们大家所希望的。(2)as和which都可代表整个句子的内容或主句中的某一成分。Hismotherisill,whichmakeshimverysad.他母亲病了，这件事情使他很难过。Hehasmadegreatprogress,as/whichmakesusveryhappy.他进步了，这使得我们很高兴。as与which的区别(1)领先行词前面有so+adj.+a/an,such+(a/an)+adj.,thesame等词修饰时，引导词只能用as,而不用whichoSheissoniceagirlaswealllike.她是个我们大家都喜欢的如此好的女孩。Itissuchaninterestingbookasweallwanttoread.它是本我们大家都想读的有趣的书。⑵as在从句中常作宾语；作主语时，从句的谓语动词常为系动词，即：系表结构或被动结构。Asissaidabove,hehasconqueredthedifficulty.正如上面所说，他征服了困难。(3)当非限制性定语从句放到主句的前面口寸，引导词只用as,而不用which。Asisplanned,wegottherebeforeeight.正如计划,我们在八点前到达了那儿。(4)as引导的非限制性定语从句指表示积极的意义，与主句是顺理成章的关系，绝不能与之矛盾。假设非限制性定语从句表示一种消极的意义，那么只用whichoHehassucceededinhiscareer,as/whichweallhope.他在事业中成功了，这正是我们大家所希望的。Hergrandmadiedlastweek,whichmadeherverysad.她的奶奶逝世了，这使得她很悲伤。(5)当关系代词代替主句中的宾语从句或复合结构(如：宾+补；不定式短语；动词-ing形式短语等)时，一般只能用which,而不用asoShetoldusthattherewassomethingwrongwithherbike,whichwastrueo她告诉我们说她的单车出了毛病，这话是真的。HeaskedhertohelphimwithhisEnglish,whichshedid.他请她教他学英语，她确实帮了。(6)关系代词仅代表主句中的谓语局部时，从句中谓语局部被省略而只保存情态动词的否认式或助动词否认式，引导词一般只用which,而不用as。如：HespeaksEnglishveryfluently,whichIcant他的英语说得非常流利，这我可不行。(7)关系代词作定语修饰后面的名词时，一般只用which,而不用asoHesuggestedgoingswimmingintheriver,whichideaweagreedwith.他提议去河里游泳，我们就同意了他的想法。(8)当关系代词仅代表主句中单个词时、一般只用which,而不用as。Hesentmeabeautifulpresent,whichIvaluedverymuch.他给寄来了一件精美的礼物，我对它非常珍视。⑼as常用于一些固定结构中。如：asissaidabove正如上面所说;asisreported如报道所说；asisexpectedasissaidabove正如上面所说;asisreported如报道所说；asisexpected正如所料ashasbeenpointed如所指出的那样；whosewhose引导定语从句时，先行词既可以是人也可以是物；Doyouknowthegirlwhosehusbandisateacher?Thisisabookwhosecoverisgreen.ofwhich可以代替whose,其结构为the+名词+ofwhich/ofwhich+the+名词;如果先行词为人时，可以用the+名词+ofwhom来代替。Helivesintheroomwhosewindowfacessouth.Helivesintheroomthewindowofwhichfacessouth.Heliveintheroomofwhichthewindowfacessouth.Heisascientistwhosenameisknownalloverthecountry.=Heisascientistthenameofwhomisknownalloverthecity.㈡关系副词引导定语从句关系副词关系副词：在从句中作状语关系副词=介词+关系代词why=forwhichwhere=in/at/on/...which(介词同先行词搭配)when=during/on/in/...which(介词同先行词搭配)where指地点，在定语从句中做地点状语用来表示地点的定语从句；先行词除了可以表示具体地点的名词(如place,home,school,village等)外，还可以是表示抽象的地点名词(如point,situation,case,stage,activity).ThehousewhereIlivedtenyearsagohasbeenpulleddown.Hehasgotintoasituationwhereitishardtodecidewhatisrightandwrong.Theyhavereachedthepointwheretheyhavetoseparatewitheachother.when引导定语从句表示时间。在定语从句中做时间状语也可做连接词用IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametotheschool.Thetimewhenwegottogetherfinallycame.【注意】先行词situation,condition,stage,point,case引导词用where;occasion用whenwhy指原因在定语从句中做原因状语Pleasetellmethereasonwhyyoumissedtheplane.Idon'tknowthereasonwhyhelooksunhappytoday.注意：关系副词引导的从句可以由“介词+关系代词”引导的从句替换Thereasonwhy/forwhichherefusedtheinvitationisnotclear,Fromtheyearwhen/inwhichhewasgoingtoschoolhebegantoknowwhathewantedwhenhegrewup.【注意】①介词后面的关系代词不能省略。②that前不能有介词o③某些在从句中充当时间，地点或原因状语的“介词+关系词”结构可以同关系副词when,where和why互换。ThisisthehouseinwhichIlivedtwoyearsago.ThisisthehousewhereIlivedtwoyearsago.Doyourememberthedayonwhichyoujoinedourclub?Doyourememberthedaywhenyoujoinedourclub?Thisisthereasonwhyhecamelate.Thisisthereasonforwhichhecamelate.II.定语从句中省略⑴在限制性定语从句，做宾语用的关系代词(who,that,whom)可省略，但非限制性定语从句中的做宾语的关系代词不能省略。Thegirl(whom/who/that)theteachersp