初中英语动词专题

动词动词的含义I动词是表示动作或状态的词，在句子中做谓语。动词的基本形式：动词原形、过去式、现在分词和过去分词。动词的种类:类别特点举例及物动词（vt）跟宾语Ilikemusic.不及物动词（vi）不跟宾语Itrainedlastnight.系动词跟表语Iamadoctor.Sheisanurse.Weareveryhappy.助动词跟动词原形或分词Idon'tlikeplayingbasketball.Ihaveseenthismoviebefore.情态动词跟动词原形ShecanspeakJapanese.I动词时态一般现在时 （3种结构）表示经常性、习惯性的动作；或普遍真理、客观事实；或某种状态。“主•谓・（宾）”结构Peteralwaysspendstoomuchtimeplayingcomputergames.Aliceusuallygoestoschoolbybusinthemorning.Ilikelisteningtoclassicalmusic.“There•be”结构Thereisamaponthewall.Therearesomebirdsinthesky.“主•系•表”结构It’sverycoldtoday.Theearthisbiggerthanthemoon.Myfatherisateacher.动词第三人称单数

动词特征构成例词一般动词词尾加slike-likes以ch,sh,s,o,x结尾记忆技巧：吃(ch)蛇(sh,s)后喝XO词尾加esteach-teachesdo-doesgo-goeswash-washespass-passesmix-mixesfax-faxes（发送传真）以y结尾辅音字母+y,变y为i，再加esstudy-studiescarry-carriestry-tries元音字母+y,直接加splay-playsstay-stayssay-says一般过去时 (3种结构)表示发生在过去的动作。在一般过去时的句子中,动词必须用过去式.动词过去式及过去分词的构成规则变化构成法词例(1)一般情况下加edwork--worked--workedplay--played--played(2)以e结尾的，加dlive--lived--livedlike--liked--liked(3)以“辅音字母+y”结尾的，改y为i,再加ed.study--studied--studiedcry--cried--cried(4)以重读闭音节或r音节结尾，且末尾只有一个辅音字母的词，要双写这个辅音字母，再加ed.stop--stopped--stoppedprefer--preferred--preferredrefer-referred-referredoccur-occurred-occurred不规则变化(参考课本)一般过去时常见的提示：yesterday;thedaybeforeyesterday;last（week/month/year/Sunday--)this---；justnow；---ago;after---;when---等等。注：当谓语动词是行为动词时，肯定句用动词的过去式表达，构成疑问句或否定句时，需借助did或didn't构成，谓语动词要还原成原形。例如：Iwenttothezooyesterday.Mymotherdidn’tgototheparklastweekend.DidJimcometoseeyoulastnight?现在进行时表示目前正在发生或进行的动作。(只有延续性动词有进行时；非延续性动词没有进行时)主语+系动词(am/is/are)+现在分词现在分词的构成构成法词例(1)一般情况下加ing.work--working；learn--learning(2)以e结尾的，去掉e，再加ing.live--living；take--taking(3)以重读闭音节或r音节结尾，且末尾只有一个*辅音字母的词，要双写这个*辅音字母，再加ing.sit--sitting； stop--stoppingchat--chatting；refer--referring(4)以ie结尾的，要改ie为y，再加ing.tie--tying；lie--lying现在进行时的标志：Look；Listen；now；atthemoment/atpresentLook.Aliceisreadingamagazineoverthere.Listen.PeterissingingaChinesesong.AliceistalkingtoPeternow.I’mlearningJapaneseatthemoment.特殊情况：非延续性动词没有进行时，它们的现在分词形式表示将来时。主语+(am/is/are)+非延续性动词的现在分词：表示将来时。I’mgoingtoschoolnow.MaryisleavingforNewYorksoon.SpringFestivaliscoming.I’marrivinginBeijing.过去进行时表示在过去的某时正在发生或进行的动作。主语+系动词(was/were)+现在分词Davidwasdoinghishomeworkat8o’clockyesterday.Iwasdoingmyhomeworkathistimeyesterday.TomwashavingbreakfastwhenMarycalledhim.一般将来时表示将要发生的动作，或计划或打算作某事。主语+will+动词原形主语+(am/is/are)+goingto+动词原形主语+(am/is/are)+非延续性动词的现在分词：例如：Iwilltellyouthegoodnews.JohnisgoingtovisitHangzhounextweek.MyfatheriscomingtoQingdaotomorrow.一般将来时常见的提示：tomorrow;thedayaftertomorrow;nextweek;inthefuture;inthreedays;thisevening,soon,attheendofthisterm一般将来时的用法.表示将来的动作或状态。例如：WewillgettoShanghaitomorrow..在“祈使句+and/or+句子”这个结构中，“句子”用一般将来时。例如：Getupearly,andyouwillcatchtheearlybus.Hurryup,oryouwillbelateforschool.“begoingto+动词原形”与“will+动词原形”begoingto和will在一般情况下可以互换，但是在下列情况下将来时要用will。说明例句带有意愿色彩Iwillhelpyoulater.问对方是否愿意或客气的邀请或命令Willyoupleaseclosethedoor?Willyougowithme?在时间、条件状语从句中，如果主句是一般将来时，用willMr.Wangwillcomeifitdoesn'train.HewillcallusassoonashegetstoHongKong.过去将来时表示在过去的某时计划或打算作某事。(间接引语/宾语从句)主语+would+动词原形主语+(was/were)+goingto+动词原形主语+(was/were)+非延续动词的动名词例如：Ithoughtyouwouldhelptheoldman.Marywasgoingtotakepartinthismeeting.HesaidhewasleavingforHongKong.现在完成时 含义：现在完成时表示“过去的动作对现在所造成的结果或影响”.汉语译文中经常含有“已经”、“曾经”、“还没有”等词语.构成：主语+have/has+过去分词例如：Ihaveseenthismoviebefore.（结果：我了解这部影片的内容）Hehashadagoodeducation.（结果：他的知识水平很高）现在完成时常见的标志：sofar/uptonow;recently;inrecentyears;before;inthepast…/inthelast…/overthepast…/overthelast…since/for:既可以用于“现在完成时”,也可以用于“现在完成进行时”.already/yet/ever/never/before:既可以用于“现在完成时”,也可以用于“过去完成时”.Ihavealreadyfinishedthework./Ihavejustfinishedthework.Haveyoufinishedtheworkyet?Ihaven’tfinishedmyworkyet.延续性动词与非延续性动词延续性动词可以接一段时间；非延续性动词后面不能接一段时间,如果要接一段时间，就必须把非延续性动词替换成相应的延续性动词.come--behere Hecameheretwohoursago.Hehasbeenherefortwohours.go--beout/beawayTheywentoutanhourago.Theyhavebeenoutforanhour.leave---beawayTomlefttenminutesago.

leave---beawayTomhasbeenawayfortenminutes.buy---havebegin---beonIboughtthisdictionary10yearsago.buy---havebegin---beonIhavehadthisdictionaryfor10years.Thefilmbeganfiveminutesago.Thefilmhasbeenonforfiveminutes.某些延续性动词（如：lookfor,watch,waitfor,live,work,develop,teach,learn,study,rain等）与since或for连用时，表示“从过去的某一时刻起，一直持续到现在的动作”，它们的“现在完成时”可以与“现在完成进行时”互相替换。Hehaslivedherefor20years.Hehasbeenlivingherefor20years.▲havebeento表示“曾经去过---” : IhavebeentoBeijingbefore.▲havegoneto表示“已经去了---” : TheyhavegonetoJapan.过去完成时主语+had+过去分词表示在过去的某个动作之前发生的动作--“过去的过去”.Bytheendoflastmonth,wehadlearned12Englishsongs.Bythetimehegothome,alltheguestshadleft.Whentheyarrivedattherailwaystation，thetrainhadalreadyleft.BeforeIwenttobed，Ihadfinishedreadingthatbook.AfterIhadfinishedreadingthebook，Iwenttobed.“bytheendoflast---”只能用于“过去完成时”Bytheendoflastmonth,wehadlearned5000Englishwords.现在完成进行时 主语+have/has+been+现在分词表示从过去的某一时刻起到现在，一直在做某事。IhavebeenwaitingforyourreplysinceIsentyoualetterIhavebeenlivingherefor20yearsIthasbeenrainingsincelastnightSince1989,WangGanghasbeenworkinginthiscompany.HehasbeenlearningEnglishfor10years.专项练习

动词时态专项训练1.Heoften totheparkwithsomefriendsonSunday;s.hasgoneA.go B.goes C.isgoingD.2.Tom'sfather listeningtoclassicalmusic.A.like B.don’tlike C.likesD.isliking3. yourmother upearlyinthemorning.A.Do/get B.Do/gets C.Does/getsD.Does/get4.Look,theboys footballontheplayground.A.play B.playing C.areplayingD.isplay5.PeterwentswimmingwithMikeyesterday, he?A.did B.does C.didn'tD.doesn't6.I aUFOintheskywhileIwastalkingawalkinthestreetjustnow.A.saw B.haveseen C.willseeD.wasseeing7.Fred amodelplanewhenIwenttoseehim.A.makes B.ismaking C.wasmakingD.made8.I'lltellhertocallyoubackwhenshe back.A.willcome B.comes C.hascomeD.iscoming9.Myfather cigarettes,hethinksitisharmfulforhealth.10.11.A. didn'tsmoke B. don'tsmokeC. doesn'tsmokes D. doesn'tsmokeI 2000Englishwordsbytheendoflastterm.A. hadlearned B. havelearnedC. wouldlearn D. waslearningHowlong you themobilephone?A.havebought B.have/had C.did/buyD.do/buy12.Mybrother toLondonmanytimes,soheknowsLondonverywell.A.wasgoing B.went C.hasbeenD.hasgone13.Iwanttoknowifyoufreetomorrowevening.Ifyoufree,I’dliketoinviteyoutodinner.A.willbe/are B.are/willbeC.are/are D.willbe/willbeListen,themusicverynice.A. issounding B. sound C.sounds D. issoundedImybesttolearnEnglishwellfromnowon.A. tried B. havetried C.amtrying D. willtryOurteachertoldusthatlightfasterthansound.A.travelled B.travels C.hadtravelledD.istravelledMrBrownisn'tathomenow.Hetohisoffice.A.hadgone B.hadbeen C.hasgone D.hasbeenHesaidhewouldgotothemovieswithusifhefree.

A.willbeB.wouldbe C.is D.was19.Jenny tovisithergrandmathreedaysago.A.wentB.goes C.hasgone D.hadgoneTheGreens A.hasbeeninC.hascometo Chinaforfiveyears.B.havebeeninD.havegoneto21.There _abasketballmatchinourschoolthedayaftertomorrow.A.willhavehaveB.willbe C.wouldbe D.isgoingto22.I toHainanforvacationinthreedays.A.wentB.go C.willgo D.wasgoingHowlong A.had/studiedC.do/study you FrenchbeforeyouwenttoParis?B.have/studiedD.would/study24.Hi,Peter.I A.don’tknowC.hadn’tknown youwerehere.B.haven’tknownD.didn’tknow25.Wewillgeteverythingreadybeforeshe here.A.willcomeB.comes C.wouldcome D.came26.Tom hiscoatandthenwentout.A.putonB.putson C.hadputon D.wouldputon27.Neitherofus interestedinfolksongs.A.wereB.am C.is D.are28.Iheardher inthenextroomwhenIgothome.A.playB.playing C.toplay D.playedLindaTVsince6o'clockthismorning.A.waswatching B.hasbeenwatchedC.hadwatched D.hasbeenwatchingHetoworkinafactoryattheageof17.A.began B.hasbegunC.wouldbegin D.hadbegunOnedaywhileIalongthestreet,Isomeonecallingme.A. walked/heard B. waswalking/was hearingC. waswalking/heard D. walked/washearingNeitherInorheinphysics.A. areinteresting B. areinterestedC. isinteresting D. isinterestedIinthebarforanhourbeforeshe.A. hadwaited /arrived B. waited/hadarrivedC. waswaiting/had arrived D. havewaited/arriveHehemebefore.A. said/has met B. said/hadmetC. says/had met D. issaying/hasmetTinasaidthatsheapartyathomethenextSaturdayevening.

36．37．A.hadheld B.willhold C.Whenhearrivedatthecinema,thefilm_A.was/starting B.C.has/started D.--Where’sMrGreen?——He Japanonbusiness.Hewouldhold D.isholding already .would/starthad/startedbackintwoweeks.38．39．A.hasgoneto/isC.hasbeento/comesHehasneverseensuchawonderfulA.hasn’the B.didn’tJean mewhetherIB.D.movieC.hasbeento/willbehasgoneto/willbebefore, hashe D.toLondonbefore.?didhe40．A.C.Iasked/hadasked/hasbeenbeenhersince2007.B.D.asked/wouldgoasked/wentA.seeing41.Ididn’tseeB.hadn’tseenlateinthemorningC.haven’tseen D.haven’inthepast,butnowItbeenearly.42.A.B.C.D.Iusedtogetamusedtousedtogetamusedforup/amusedtogetupgetting/usedtogetupup/amusedtogettingupgetting/usedtogetupthe