2020高考英语学习：专题21语法填空(解析版)

.【2017全国卷I]阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Therehasbeenarecenttrendinthefoodserviceindustrytowardlowerfatcontentandlesssalt.Thistrend,whichwasstartedbythemedicalcommunity(医学界)61amethodoffightingheartdisease,hashadsomeunintendedside62(effect)suchasoverweightandheartdisease—theverythingthemedicalcommunitywastryingtofight.Fatandsaltareveryimportantpartsofadiet.Theyarerequired63(process)thefoodthatweeat,torecoverfrominjuryandforseveralotherbodilyfunctions.Whenfatandsalt 64(remove)fromfood,thefoodtastesasifismissingsomething.As65result,peoplewilleatmorefoodtotrytomakeupforthatsomethingmissing.Even66(bad),theamountoffastfoodthatpeopleeatgoesup.Fastfood67 (be)fulloffatandsalt;by68(eat)morefastfoodpeoplewillgetmoresaltandfatthantheyneedintheirdiet.Havingenoughfatandsaltinyourmealswillreducetheurgetosnack(吃点心、)betweenmealsandwillimprovethetasteofyourfood.However,be69(care)nottogotoextremes.Likeanything,itispossibletohavetoomuchofboth,70isnotgoodforthehealth.【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了对于食物中的脂肪和盐分，人们的态度不一。脂肪和盐分对于健康来说是必不可少的，但如果人们摄入过多的脂肪和盐分，自身的健康将会受到损害。61.as【解析】考查介词。句意：这一趋势最初始于医学界作为一种对抗心脏病的方法。 as表示作为，以……身份”，故填asoeffects【解析】考查单复数。分析语境可知作者表达的意思是 〜些不为人知的副作用”，根据前文的some可知“sideeffect副作用)有很多，故填effectsotoprocess【解析】考查不定式。句意：他们被要求加工食物。 require表示要求“，requiresb.todosth.表示要求某人做某事“，被动形式为"sb.berequiredtodosth.某人被要求做某事)。故填toprocessoareremoved【解析】考查被动语态。句意：当脂肪和盐分从食物中被去掉。 分析可知fat,salt和move之间是被动关系，脂肪和盐分是两种东西，且是被人们去掉，所以用被动语态。故填areremovedo【解析】考查冠词。固定短语asaresult表示结果”。句意：结果，人们将吃更多的食物去弥补损失的东西。故填a。worse【解析】考查比较级。句意：更糟糕的是，人们所吃快餐的数量增加了。故填 worse。is【解析】考查主谓一致。句意：快餐食物中满是脂肪和盐。 fastfood的意思是快餐”，表示一类食物，为不可数名词，谓语动词用单数形式。故填is。eating【解析】考查动名词。句意：通过吃更多的快餐，人们将在饮食中摄入超过需求量的脂肪和盐。根据前文中的by可知此处应该填名词、动名词，所以填eating。careful【解析】考查形容词。句意：然而，注意不要走极端。分析语境可知be后面应该用形容词作表语， 故填careful。which【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。句意：很可能摄入过多的脂肪和盐，那对健康没有好处。分析可知 whichisnotgoodforthehealth为非限制性定语从句，先行词是前面的整句话。2017全国卷II]阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。In1863thefirstundergroundpassengerrailwayintheworldopenedinLondon.Itranforjustundersevenkilometersandallowedpeopletoavoidterrible__61(crowd)ontheroadsaboveastheytravelledtoand62__work.Ittookthreeyearstocompleteandwasbuiltusinganinterestingmethod.Thisincludeddigginguptheroad,63(lay)thetrackandthenbuildingastrongroofover64 top.Whenallthosehadbeendone,theroadsurfacewasreplaced.Steamengines65(use)topullthecarriagesanditmusthavebeen 66__(fair)unpleasantforthepassengers,withallthesmokeandnoise.However,therailwayquicklyprovedtobeagreatsuccessandwithinsixmonths,morethan25,000peoplewereusing 67_everyday.Later,engineers68(manage)toconstructrailwaysinasystemofdeeptunnels(隧道),whichbecameknowntothetube.Thisdevelopmentwasonlypossiblewiththe69(introduce)ofelectric-poweredenginesandlifts.ThecentralLondonRailwaywasoneofthemost70__(success)ofthesenewlines,andwasopenedin1900.Ithadwhite-paintedtunnelsandbrightredcarriages,andprovedextremelypopularwiththepublic.【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了地铁的最初发展史。61.crowds【解析】考查名词，此处表示复数概念， crowd前没有冠词，且它是可数名词，故填crowds。62.from【解析】考查介词，toandfrom来回，故填from。63.laying【解析】考查动词，这里是由 and连接的三个动词-ing形式，故填laying。64.the【解析】考查名词，top是名词，前要用冠词，故填the.65.wereused【解析】考查被动语态，此处表示过去的被动，故填wereused。66.fairly【解析】考查副词，这里fair是形容词，pleasant也是形容词，所以需要将 fair变为副词来修饰形容词，故填fairly。67.it【解析】考查代词，这里用it指代前句的railway,故填it。68.managed【解析】考查动词，此处表示过去的情况，所以这里也应用一般过去时，故填 roduction【解析】考查词性转换，空格前是 the,后面应该是名词，故填名词introduction。70.successful【解析】考查形容词，空格前是 most,其后要跟形容词构成最高级，故填successful。3.【2017全国卷III]阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Shelookslikeanyotherschoolgirl,fresh-facedandfulloflife.SarahThomasislookingforwardtothechallengeofhernewA-levelcourse.Butunlikeherschoolfriends,16-year-oldSarahisnotspendinghalf-term 61 (rest).Instead,sheisearning 6500adayas 62modelinNewYork.Sarah 63 (tell)thatshecouldbeBritain 's newsupermodelearningaasrinllton doxtyear.HerfatherPeter,44,wantshertogiveupschooltomodelfull-time.ButSarah,64hastakenpartinshowsalongwithtopmodels,wants65(prove)thatshehasbrainsaswellasbeauty.Sheisdeterminedtocarryonwithher―66—(educate).Shehasturneddownseveral67(invitation)tostaratshowsinordertoconcentrateonherstudies.Afterschoolsheplanstotakeayearofftomodelfull-timebeforegoingtouniversitytogetadegree68engineeringorarchitecture.Sarahsays,"MydadthinksIshouldtaketheoffernow.Butatthemoment,school 69(come)first.Idon'twanttogettooabsorbedinmodeling.Itis70(certain)funbutthelifestyleisalittleunreal.IdontohavenothingelsetofallbackonwhenIcan'tmodelanymore.【文章大意】本文主要介绍了 SarahThomas在学业和诱人的职业面前所做出的选择，她认为在青少年时期要把学业放在首位。resting【解析】考查非谓语动词。固定短语： spendtimedoingsth花费时间做某事。a【解析】考查冠词。model是可数名词，前面没有限定词，而此处泛指 "一个"，故填a。wastold/hasbeentold【解析】考查动词的时态和语态。根据语境可判断出谓语动词应该用一般过去时或现在完成时的被动形式，又因主语Sarah是第三人称单数，故填wastold/hasbeentold。who【解析】考查定语从句。非限制性定语从句中缺少主语，且先行词为Sarah,指人，要用who。toprove【解析】考查非谓语动词。 wanttodosth.想要做某事。education【解析】考查词形转换。形容词性物主代词后面应该接名词形式。invitations【解析】考查名词单复数。 several修饰可数名词复数形式，故填invitationsoin【解析】考查介词。in表示"在某方面"，获得某项学位 "getadegreein”…。comes【解析】考查动词。根据语境可知 Sarah认为当下应该是学业第一，说明现在的情况应该用一般现在时。certainly【解析】考查副词。修饰动词应该用副词形式，故填certainlyo4.12017浙江卷】阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容( 1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。LastOctober,whiletendinghergardeninMora,Sweden,LenaPahlssonpulledoutahandfulofsmal56(carrot)andwasabouttothrowthemaway.Butsomethingmadeherlookcloser,andshenoticeda57(shine)object.Yes,therebeneaththeleafytopofonetinycarrotwasherlong-lostweddingring.Pahlssonscreamed58loudlythatherdaughtercamerunningfromthehouse."ShethoughtIhadhurt59(I),"saysPahlsson.Sixteenyears60(early),Pahlssonhadremovedthediamondring61(cook)ameal.Whenshewantedtoputtheringbackonlater,itwasgone.Shesuspectedthatoneofherthreedaughters-thenten,eight,andsix—hadpickeditup,butthegirlssaidtheyhadn 't.Pahlssonan(62ierhssbadd)thekitchen,checkingeverycorner,butturnedupnothing."Igaveuphopeoffindingmyringagain,"shesays.Sheneverreplacedit.Pahlssonandherhusbandnowthinktheringprobablygot63(sweep)intoapileofkitchenrubbishandwasspreadoverthegarden,64itremaineduntilthecarrot 'sleafytopaccidentallysprotftedughit.ForPahlsson,itsreturnwas65wonder.【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了 16年前的戒指失