2018年高考-高考真题英语

英语2018年高三试卷英语考试时间： 分钟题型单选题简答题阅读理解书面表达总分得分单选题（本大题共15小题，每小题 分，共 分。）1.第一节单项填空（共15小题;每小题1分,共15分）从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项,并在答题卡上:将该项涂黑。-Hi,-I'mPeter.Areyounewhere?Ihaven'tseenyouaround？-Hello,Peter.I'mBob.IjustonMonday.starthavestartedstartedhadstartedmanyanimalsandplantsintheworldwillinterestingandrewardingexperiencewedon'tstopclimatechange,begone.manyanimalsandplantsintheworldwillinterestingandrewardingexperienceAlthoughWhileIfUntilalongtheoldSilkRoadisanTravelB.TravelingHavingtraveledTraveledSusanhadquitherwell-paidjobandasavolunteerintheneighborhood.whenIvisitedherlastyearisworkingwasworkinghasworkedhadworkedSheandherfamilybicycletowork,helpsthemkeepfitwhichwhoasthatDuringtheMid-AutumnFestival,familymembersoftengathertogetherameal,admirethemoonandenjoymooncakes.sharetosharehavingsharedsharedChina'shigh-speedrailwaysfrom9,000to25,000kilometersinthepastfewyears.aregrowinghavegrownwillgrowhadgrownInanyunsafesituation,simplythebuttonandahighly-trainedagentwillgetyouthehelpyouneed.presstopresspressingpressedArescueworkerriskedhislifesavingtwotouristswhointhemountainsfortwodays.aretrappinghavebeentrappedweretrappinghadbeentrappedOrdinarysoap,correctly,candealwithbacteriaeffectively.usedtouseusinguseWithouthissupport,wewouldn'tbewearenow.howwhenwherewhyIntoday'sinformationage,thelossofdatacauseseriousproblemsforacompany.needshouldcanmustTheymighthavefoundabetterhoteliftheyafewmorekilometers.drovewoulddriveweretodrivehaddriven14.-Goodmorning,Mr.lee'soffice.-Goodmorning.I'dliketomakeanappointmentnextWednesdayafternoon.foroninat15.Thisismyfatherhastaughtme-toalwaysfacedifficultiesandhopeforthebest.howwhichthewhat简答题（综合题）（本大题共1小题，每小题 分，共 分。）第二节完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，共30分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。TheHomelessHeroFormany，findinganunattendedwalletfilledwith£400incashwouldbeasource（来源）oftemptation（诱惑）.Butthewouldnodoubtbegreaterifyouwerelivingonthestreetswithlittlefoodandmoney.AllofthismakestheactionsofthehomelessTomSmith moreremarkable.Afterspottinga onthefrontseatinsideaparkedcarwithitswindowdown，hestoodguardintherainforabouttwohourswaitingforthe toreturn.Afterhoursinthecoldandwet,he insideandpulledthewalletouthopingtofindsomeIDsohecouldcontact（联系）thedriver,onlyto itcontained£400innotes，withanother£50insparechangebesideit.Hethentookthewallettoanearbypolicestationafter anotebehindtolettheownerknowitwassafe.Whenthecar’sownerJohnAndersonandhiscolleagueCarolLawrencereturnedtothecar-whichwasitselfworth£35，000—inGlasgowcitycentre，theywere tofindtwopolicemenstandingnexttoit.ThepolicementoldthemwhatMr.SmithdidandthatthewalletwasThepairwerelaterabletothankMr.Smithforhis .Mr.Andersonsaid：“"Icouldn’tbelievethattheguynevertookapenny.Tothinkheissleepingonthestreetstonight hecouldhavestolenthemoneyandpaidforaplacetostayin.Thisguyhasnothingand hedidn'ttakethewalletforhimself；hethoughtaboutothers it’sunbelievable.Itjustprovesthereare guysoutthere.”Mr.smith’sact muchofthepublic’sattention.HealsowonpraisefromsocialmediausersafterMr.Anderson abouttheactofkindnessonFacebook.=NowMr.Andersonhassetupanonlinecampaignto moneyforMr.Smithandotherhomelesspeopleinthearea,whichbyyesterdayhadreceived£8,000.“Ithinkthefaiththateveryonehasshownhimhastouchedhim.Peoplehavebeenapproachinghiminthestreet;he'shaIjob andallsorts,”Mr.Andersoncommented.ForMr.Smith,thisisapossiblelife-changing .Thestoryonceagaintellsusthatonegoodturndeservesanother.16.A.hopeaimurgeeffort17.A.stilleveneveronce18.A.walletbagboxparcel19.A.partnercolleagueownerpoliceman20.A.turnedhidsteppedreached21.A.discovercollectcheckbelieve22.A.takingleavingreadingwriting23.A.satisfiedexcitedamusedshocked24.A.safemissingfoundseen25.A.servicesupportkindnessencouragement26.A.whenifwherebecause27.A.ratheryetalreadyjust28.A.toothoughagaininstead29.A.honestpoliterichgenerous30.A.gavepaidcastdrew31.A.learnedpostedcaredheard32.A.borrowraisesaveearn.A.ofatforin.A.detailschangesoffersapplications.A.lessonadventurechancechallenge阅读理解（本大题共小题，每小题 分，共 分。）第一节（共15小题:每小题2分,共30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最仁选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AMyFirstMarathon（马拉松）Amonthbeforemyfirstmarathon,oneofmyankleswasinjuredandthismeantnotrunningfortwoweeks,leavingmeonlytwoweekstotrain.Yet,Iwasdeterminedtogoahead.Irememberbacktomy7thyearinschool.InmyfirstP.E.class,theteacherrequiredustorunlapsandthenhitasoftball.Ididn'tdoeitherwell.HelaterinformedmethatIwas“notathletic”.TheideathatIwas"notathletic"stuckwithmeforyears.WhenIstartedrunninginmy30s，Irealizedrunningwasabattleagainstmyself,notaboutcompetitionorwhetherornotIwasathletic.Itwasallaboutthebattleagainstmyownbodyandmind.Atestofwills!Thenightbeforemymarathon,IdreamtthatIcouldn'tevenfindthefinishline.Iwokeupsweatingandnervous,butreadytoprovesomethingtomyself.Shortlyaftercrossingthestartline,myshoelaces鞋带）becameuntied.SoIstoppedtoreadjust.NotthestartIwanted！Atmile3,Ipassedasign:“GOFORIT,RUNNERS!”Bymile17,Ibecameoutofbreathandtheonceinjuredanklehurtbadly.Despitethepain,Istayedthecoursewalkingabitandthenrunningagain.Bymile21,Iwasstarving！AsIapproachedmile23,Icouldseemywifewavingasign.Sheismybiggestfan.Shenevermindedthealarmclocksoundingat4a.m.orquestionedmyexpensesonrunning.Iwasoneofthefinalrunnerstofinish.ButIfinished!AndIgotamedal.Infact,Igotthesamemedalastheonethattheguywhocameinfirstplacehad.Determinedtobemyself,,moveforward,freeofshameandworldlylabels（世俗标签），Icannowcallmyselfa"marathonwinner”.Amonthbeforethemarathon,theauthor .waswelltrainedfeltscaredmadeuphismindtorunLosthopeWhydidtheauthormentiontheP.E.classinhis7thyear?Toacknowledgethesupportofhisteacher.Toamusethereaderswithafunnystory.Toshowhewasnottalentedinsports.Toshareapreciousmemory.Howwastheauthor'sfirstmarathon?Hemadeit.Hequithalfway.Hegotthefirstprize.Hewalkedtotheend.Whatdoesthestorymainlytellus?Amanoweshissuccesstohisfamilysupport.Awinnerisonewithagreateffortofwill.Failureisthemotherofsuccess.Oneisnevertoooldtolearn.BFindYourAdventureattheSpaceandAviation航空)CenterIfyou'relookingforauniqueadventure,theSpaceandAviationCenter(SAC)istheplacetobe.TheCenteroffersprogramsdesignedtochallengeandinspirewithhands-ontasksandlotsoffun.Morethan750,000havegraduatedfromSAC,withmanyseekingemploymentinengineering,aviation,education,medicineandawidevarietyofotherprofessions.Theycometocamp,wantingtoknowwhatitisliketobeanastronautorapilot,andtheyleavewithreal-worldapplicationsforwhatthey'restudyingintheclassroom.Forthetrainees，theprogramsalsoofferagreatwaytoearnmeritbadges（荣誉徽章）.AtSpaceCamp,traineescanearntheirSpaceExplorationbadgeastheybuildandfiremodelrockets,learnaboutspacetasksandtrysimulated（模拟）flyingtospacewiththecrewfromallovertheworld.TheAviationChallengeprogramgivestraineesthechancetoearntheirAviationbadge.Theylearntheprinciplesofflightandtesttheiroperatingskillsinthecockpit（驾驶舱）ofavarietyofflightsimulators.TraineesalsogetagoodstartontheirWildernessSurvivalbadgeastheylearnaboutwater-andland-survivalthroughdesignedtasksandtheirsearchandrescueof“downed"pilot.Withalltheprograms,teamworkiskeyastraineeslearntheimportanceofleadershipandbeingpartofabiggertask.Allthisfunisavailableforages9to18.Familiescanenjoytheexperiencetogether,too,withFamilyCampprogramsforfamilieswithchildrenasyoungas7.Stayanhourorstayaweek--thereissomethinghereforeveryone!Formoredetails，pleasevisitusonlineat.WhydopeoplecometoSAC?Toexperienceadventures.Tolookforjobsinaviation.Togetadegreeinengineering.Tolearnmoreaboutmedicine.ToearnaSpaceExplorationbadge,atraineeneedsto .flytospace.getanAviationbadgefirst.studytheprinciplesofflight.buildandfiremodelrockets.Whatisthemostimportantfortrainees?Leadership.Teamspirit.Taskplanning.Survivalskills.CPlastic-EatingWormsHumansproducemorethan300milliontonsofplasticeveryyear.Almosthalfofthatwindsupinlandfills（垃圾填埋场），andupto12milliontonspollutetheoceans.qSofarthereisnoeffectivewaytogetridofit,butanewstudysuggestsananswermaylieinthestomachsofsomehungryworms.gmNPFwaxmathResearchersinSpainandEnglandrecentlyfoundthatthewormsofthegreaterwaxmothcanbreakdownpolyethylene,whichaccountsfor40%ofplastics.Theteamleft100waxwormsonacommercialpolyethyleneshoppingbagfor12hours,andthewormsconsumedandbrokedownabout92milligrams,oralmost3%ofit.Toconfirmthattheworms'chewingalonewasnotresponsibleforthepolyethylenebreakdown,theresearchersmadesomewormsintopaste（糊状物）andappliedittoplasticfilms.14hourslaterthefilmshadlost13%oftheirmass--apparentlybrokendownbyenzymes（酶）fromtheworms'stomachs.TheirfindingswerepublishedinCurrentBiologyin2017.FedericaBertocchini,co-authorofthestudy,saystheworms'abilitytobreakdowntheireverydayfood-beeswax--alsoallowsthemtobreakdownplastic"Waxisacomplexmixture,butthebasicbondinpolyethylene,thecarbon-carbonbond,isthereaswell,"sheexplains."Thewaxwormevolvedamethodorsystemtobreakthisbond."JenniferDebruyn,amicrobiologistattheUniversityofTennessee,whowasnotinvolvedinthestudy,saysitisnotsurprisingthatsuchwormscanbreakdownpolyethylene.Butcomparedwithpreviousstudies,shefindsthespeedofbreakingdowninthisoneexciting.Thenextstep,DeBruynsays,willbetoidentifythecauseofthebreakdown.Isitanenzymeproducedbythewormitselforbyitsgutmicrobes（肠道微生物）？Bertocchiniagreesandhopesherteam’sfindingsmightonedayhelpemploytheenzymetobreakdownplasticsinlandfills.Butsheexpectsusingthechemicalinsomekindofindustrialprocess-notsimply"millionsofwormsthrownontopoftheplastic.”Whatcanwelearnaboutthewormsinthestudy?Theytakeplasticsastheireverydayfood.Theyarenewlyevolvedcreatures.Theycanconsumeplastics.Theywindupinlandfills.AccordingtoJenniferDeBruyn,thenextstepofthestudyisto .identifyothermeansofthebreakdownfindoutthesourceoftheenzymeconfirmtheresearchfindingsincreasethebreakdownspeedItcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthatthechemicalmight .helptoraisewormshelpmakeplasticbagsbeusedtocleantheoceansbeproducedinfactoriesinfutureWhatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?Toexplainastudymethodonworms.Tointroducethedietofaspecialworm.Topresentawaytobreakdownplastics.Toproposenewmeanstokeepeco-balance.DPreparingCitiesforRobotCarsThepossibilityofself-drivingrobotcarshasoftenseemedlikeafuturist'sdream,yearsawayfrommaterializingintherealworld.Well,thefutureisapparentlynow.TheCaliforniaDepartmentofMotorVehiclesbegangivingpermitsinAprilforcompaniestotesttrulyself-drivingcarsonpublicroads.Thestatealsoclearedthewayforcompaniestosellorrentoutself-drivingcars,andforcompaniestooperatedriverlesstaxiservices.California,itshouldbenoted,isn'tleadingthewayhere.Companieshavebeentestingtheirvehiclesincitiesacrossthecountry.It'shardtopredictwhendriverlesscarswillbeeverywhereonourroads.Buthoweverlongittakes,thetechnologyhasthepotentialtochangeourtransportationsystemsandourcities,forbetterorforworse,dependingonhowthetransformationisregulated.Whilemuchofthedebatesofarhasbeenfocusedonthesafetyofdriverlesscars（andrightfullyso）,policymakersalsoshouldbetalkingabouthowselfdrivingvehiclescanhelpreducetrafficjams,cutemissions（HF放）andoffermoreconvenient,affordablemobilityoptions.Thearrivalofdriverlessvehiclesisachancetomakesurethatthosevehiclesareenvironmentallyfriendlyandmoreshared.Dowewanttocopy-orevenworsen-thetrafficoftodaywithdriverlesscars?Imagineafuturewheremostadultsownindividualself-drivingvehicles.Theytoleratelong,slowjourneystoandfromworkonpackedhighwaysbecausetheycanwork,entertainthemselvesorsleepontheride,whichencouragesurbanspread.Theytaketheirdriverlesscartoanappointmentandsettheemptyvehicletocirclethebuildingtoavoidpayingforparking.Insteadofwalkingafewblockstopickupachildorthedrycleaning,theysendtheself-drivingminibus.Theconvenienceevenleadsfewerpeopletotakepublictransport——anunwelcomesideeffectresearchershavealreadyfoundinride-卜2〃血8叫车）services.AstudyfromtheUniversityofCaliforniaatDavissuggestedthatreplacingpetrol-poweredprivatecarsworldwidewithelectric,self-drivingandsharedsystemscouldreducecarbonemissionsfromtransportation80%andcutthecostoftransportationinfrastructure（基础设施）andoperations40%by2050.Feweremissionsandcheapertravelsoundprettyappealing.Thefirstcommerciallyavailabledriverlesscarswillalmostcertainlybe byride-hailingservices,consideringthecostofselfdrivingtechnologyaswellasliabilityandmaintenanceissues责任与维护问题）.Butdriverlesscarownershipcouldincreaseasthepricesdropandmorepeoplebecomecomfortablewiththetechnology.Policymakersshouldstartthinkingnowabouthowtomakesuretheappearanceofdriverlessvehiclesdoesn'textendtheworstaspectsofthecar-controlledtransportationsystemwehavetoday.Thecomingtechnologicaladvancementpresentsachanceforcitiesandstatestodeveloptransportationsystemsdesignedtomovemorepeople，andmoreaffordably.Thecarofthefutureiscoming.Wejusthavetoplanforit.Accordingtotheauthor，attentionshouldbepaidtohowdriverlesscarscan .helpdealwithtransportation-relatedproblemsprovidebetterservicestocustomerscausedamagetoourenvironmentmakesomepeoplelosejobsAsfordriverlesscars，whatistheauthor'smajorconcern？Safety.Sideeffects.Affordability.Management.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“fielded”inParagraph4probablymean？Employed.Replaced.Shared.Reduced.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetothefutureofself-drivingcars？Doubtful.Positive.Disapproving.Sympathetic51.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。WhyDoWeGetAngry？Angerseemssimplewhenwearefeelingit，butthecausesofangerarevarious.Knowingthesecausescanmakeusexamineourbehavior，andcorrectbadhabits.Themainreasonswegetangryaretriggering（触发）events,personalitytraits（特征），andourassessmentofsituations.Triggeringeventsforangeraresomanythattodescribethemallwouldtakehundredsofpages.However,herearesomeexamples:beingcutoffintraffic,adeadlineapproaching,experiencingphysicalpain,andmuchmore. Thereasonwhysomeoneistriggeredbysomethingandothersarenotisoftenduetoone'spersonalhistoryandpsychologicaltraits.Eachperson.nomatterwhotheyare,haspsychologicalimbalances.Peoplewhohavepersonalitytraitsthatconncctw