RIP路由协议基本配置附数据详解

实验RIP路由协议基本配置【实验名称】RIP路由协议基本配置【实验目的】掌握在路由器上如何配置RIP路由协议【背景描述】假设在校园网在地理上分为2个区域，每个区域内分别有一台路由器连接了2个子网，需要将两台路由器通过以太网链路连接在一起并进行适当的配置，以实现这4个子网之间的互联互通。为了在未来每个校园区域扩充子网数量的时候，管理员不需要同时更改路由器的配置，计划使用RIP路由协议实现子网之间的互通。【需求分析】两台路由器通过快速以太网端口连接在一起，每个路由器上设置2个Loopback端口模拟子网，在所有端口运行RIP路由协议，实现所有子网间的互通。【实验拓扑】实验设备】路由两台【预备知识】路由器的工作原理和基本配置方法，距离矢量路由协议，RIP工作原理和配置方法【实验原理】RIP（RoutingInformationProtocols,路由信息协议）是应用较早、使用较普遍的IGP（InteriorGatewayProtocol,内部网关协议），适用于小型同类网络，是典型的距离矢量（distance-vector）协议。RIP把每经过一个路由器称为经过了一跳，而每经过一跳,RIP就会将他的度量值（metric）加1这样的话，跳数越多的则路径越长，而RIP会优先选择一条到达目标网络跳数少的路径，他支持的最大跳数是15跳，超过则被认为是不可达。RIP在构造路由表时会使用到3种计时器：更新计时器、无效计时器、刷新计时器。它让每台路由器周期性地向每个相邻的邻居发送完整的路由表。路由表包括每个网络或子网的信息，以及与之相关的度量值。【实验步骤】第一步：配置两台路由器的主机名、接口IP地址Ruijie>enRuijie#configureterminalEnterconfigurationcommands,oneperline.EndwithCNTL/Z.Ruijie(config)#hostnameRARA(config)#intf0/0RA(config-if)#ipaddress192.168.1.3255.255.255.0RA(config-if)#noshutdownRA(config-if)#exitRA(config)#interfaceloopback0RA(config-if)#ipaddress200.16.1.1255.255.255.0RA(config-if)#exitRA(config)#interfaceloopback1RA(config-if)#ipaddress200.16.2.155.255.255.0RA(config-if)#exitRuijie>enRuijie#configureterminalEnterconfiguRBtioncommands,oneperline.EndwithCNTL/Z.Ruijie(config)#hostnameRBRB(config)#intf0/0RB(config-if)#ipaddress192.168.1.8255.255.255.0RB(config-if)#noshutdownRB(config-if)#exitRB(config)#interfaceloopback0RB(config-if)#ipaddress201.16.1.1255.255.255.0RB(config-if)#exitRB(config)#interfaceloopback1RB(config-if)#ipaddress201.16.2.155.255.255.0RB(config-if)#exit第二步：在两台路由器上配置RIP路由协议RA(config)#routerripRA(config-router)#network192.168.1.0RA(config-router)#network200.16.1.0RA(config-router)#network200.16.2.0RA(config-router)#exitRB(config)#routerripRB(config-router)#network192.168.1.0RB(config-router)#network201.16.1.0RB(config-router)#network201.162.0RB(config-router)#exi(以下为实验配置信息显示,标记项为重要数据，红色字为注释)第三步：查看RIP配置信息，路由表RA#showiprouteCodes:C-connected,S-static,I-IGRP,R-RIP,M-mobile,B-BGPD-EIGRP,EX-EIGRPexternal,O-OSPF,IA-OSPFinterareaN1-OSPFNSSAexternaltype1,N2-OSPFNSSAexternaltype2E1-OSPFexternaltype1,E2-OSPFexternaltype2,E-EGPi-IS-IS,L1-IS-ISlevel-1,L2-IS-ISlevel-2,ia-IS-ISinterarea*-candidatedefault,U-per-userstaticroute,o-ODRP-periodicdownloadedstaticrouteGatewayoflastresortisnotsetC192.168.1.0/24isdirectlyconnected,FastEthernet0/0C200.16.1.0/24isdirectlyconnected,Loopback0C200.16.2.0/24isdirectlyconnected,LoopbacklR 201.16.1.0/24[120/1]via192.168.1.8,00:00:04,FastEthernet0/0R 201.16.2.0/24[120/1]via192.168.1.8,00:00:04,FastEthernet0/0此项显示通过rip协议学习到的路由信息，200.16.1.0、200.16.2.0为目标网段，[120/1]120表示rip管理距离默认是120,1是该路由的跳数，192316831.0是到达目标网络的下一跳点的ip地址，00:00:04是此条路由产生的时间，FastEthernet0/0此条路由使用的接口，令外，C表示直连网段RB#showiprouteCodes:C-connected,S-static,I-IGRP,R-RIP,M-mobile,B-BGPD-EIGRP,EX-EIGRPexternal,O-OSPF,IA-OSPFinterareaN1-OSPFNSSAexternaltype1,N2-OSPFNSSAexternaltype2E1-OSPFexternaltype1,E2-OSPFexternaltype2,E-EGPi-IS-IS,L1-IS-ISlevel-1,L2-IS-ISlevel-2,ia-IS-ISinterarea*-candidatedefault,U-per-userstaticroute,o-ODRP-periodicdownloadedstaticrouteGatewayoflastresortisnotsetC192.168.1.0/24isdirectlyconnected,FastEthernetO/OR 200.16.1.0/24 [120/1]via192.168.1.3,00:00:26, FastEthernet0/0R 200.16.2.0/24 [120/1]via192.168.1.3,00:00:26, FastEthernet0/0C 201.16.1.0/24 isdirectlyconnected,Loopback0C 201.16.2.0/24 isdirectlyconnected,Loopback1参考RA注释RA#showipprotocolsRoutingProtocolis"rip"Sendingupdatesevery30seconds,nextduein22secondsInvalidafter180seconds,holddown180,flushedafter240每30s更新一次，无效计时器180s，抑制计时器180s，刷新计时器240sOutgoingupdatefilterlistforallinterfacesisnotsetIncomingupdatefilterlistforallinterfacesisnotsetRedistributing:ripDefaultversioncontrol:sendversion1,receiveanyversionInterface SendRecvTriggeredRIPKey-chainLoopback0121Loopback1121FastEthernet0/0121默认情况下，回环接口loopback。、Ioopback1、fa0/0均发送RIPv1数据包，接收RIPv1、RIPv2数据包AutomaticnetworksummarizationisineffectMaximumpath:4RoutingforNetworks:192.168.1.0200.16.1.0200.16.2.0PassiveInterface(s):RoutingInformationSources:Gateway Distance LastUpdate192.168.1.8 120 00:00:04Distance:(defaultis120)RB#showipprotocolsRoutingProtocolis"rip"Sendingupdatesevery30seconds,nextduein26secondsInvalidafter180seconds,holddown180,flushedafter240OutgoingupdatefilterlistforallinterfacesisnotsetIncomingupdatefilterlistforallinterfacesisnotsetRedistributing:ripDefaultversioncontrol:sendversion1,receiveanyversion

InterfaceSendRecvTriggeredRIPKey-chainLoopbackO121Loopbackl121FastEthernetO/O121参考RA注释AutomaticnetworksummarizationisineffectMaximumpath:4RoutingforNetworks:192.168.1.0201.16.1.0201.16.2.0PassiveInterface(s):RoutingInformationSources:Gateway Distance LastUpdate192.168.1.3120 00:00:02Distance:(defaultis120)RA#showipripdatabase192.168.1.0/24192.168.1.0/24192.168.1.0/24192.168.1.0/24200.16.1.0/24200.16.1.0/24200.16.2.0/24200.16.2.0/24201.16.1.0/24201.16.1.0/24directlyconnected,FastEthernet0/0auto-summarydirectlyconnected,Loopback0auto-summarydirectlyconnected,Loopback1auto-summary[1]via192.168.1.8,00:00:27,FastEthernet0/0201.16.2.0/24auto-summary201.16.2.0/24[1]via192.168.1.8,00:00:27,FastEthernet0/0RB#showipripdatabase192.168.1.0/24192.168.1.0/24192.168.1.0/24192.168.1.0/24200.16.1.0/24200.16.1.0/24directlyconnected,FastEthernet0/0auto-summary[1]via192.168.1.3,00:00:11,FastEthernet0/0200.16.2.0/24auto-summary200.16.2.0/24[1]via192.168.1.3,00:00:11,FastEthernet0/0201.16.1.0/24auto-summary201.16.1.0/24directlyconnected,Loopback0201.16.2.0/24auto-summary

201.16.2.0/24directlyconnected,Loopback1RB#Showipripinterface*FaO/O接口支持水平分割协议jjTeln.fit1T2.19.2.8f'*可以收发RIP数据包，接收RIPvl*FaO/O接口支持水平分割协议jjTeln.fit1T2.19.2.8f'*可以收发RIP数据包，接收RIPvl、RIPv2数据包，仅能发送RIPvl数据包接口启用，线路协议启用路由协议为RIP协议BFD：DisabledU2Broadcast:DisabledMulticastpegietep：ResistedInterfaceSummaryRip：NotConfiguredAutlienticationmode:TEKTIPinterfaceaddress-192.168.1_8/24lioopJbackQiwup,lineprotoco1isupRoutingProtocol：BIPPeceiuePIPuiandRIFu2pa.cketsSendRIPulpacke*tsonlyJleceiueBIFpacket:EnabledSendRIPpacket:EnabledSendRIPs：uperne"troutew：EnabledI—More—|*Oct1721二 址7：[RIF1RIF"ECUEiLuEd &(juk=2153 乎Z-168-1-3LoopbackOloopbackl接口显示信息参考发0/0showipripinterfaceFastEthernet0/0isup,lineprotocolisupRout：ingPpclUdco-I~—PtP-- JleceiueBIPulandRIFu2paclc&ts^SendRIPvlpacketsonlyBeceiueBIPpacket:EnabledSend.J|IPpacket:Enabled一SendRIPsuperne七routes:EnabledPassiueinterface:DisabledSplithorizon:En&hlEtl- —第四步：测试网络连通性RA#ping201.16.1.1Typeescapesequencetoabort.Sending5,100-byteICMPEchosto201.16.1.1,timeoutis2seconds:!!!!!Successrateis100percent(5/5),round-tripmin/avg/max=3/4/6msRA#ping201.16.2.1Typeescapesequencetoabort.Sending5,100-byteICMPEchosto201.16.2.1,timeoutis2seconds:

!!!!!Successrateis100percent(5/5),round-tripmin/avg/max=3/4/6msRB#ping200.16.1.1Typeescapesequencetoabort.Sending5,100-byteICMPEchosto200.16.1.1,timeoutis2seconds:!!!!!Successrateis100percent(5/5),round-tripmin/avg/max=1/2/5msRB#ping200.16.2.1Typeescapesequencetoabort.Sending5,100-byteICMPEchosto200.16.2.1,timeoutis2seconds:!!!!!Successrateis100percent(5/5),round-tripmin/avg/max=2/4/8ms第五步：用debug命令观察路由器接收和发生路由更新的情况*Oct1722:25:20:%7:[RIP]RIPrecveivedpacket,sock=2153src=192.168.1.8len44*Oct1722:25:20:%7:[RIP]Receivedversion1responsepacket收到RIPv1响应包*Oct1722:25:20:%7:[RIP]Cancelpeer[192.168.1.8]removetimer*Oct1722:25:20:%7:[RIP]Peer[192.168.1.8]removetimershedule...*Oct1722:25:20:%7:route-entry:family2ip201.16.1.0metric1*Oct1722:25:20:%7:route-entry:family2ip201.16.2.0metric1将201.16.1.0202.16.2.0路由条目加入路由表，跳数为1*Oct1722:25:20:%7:*Oct1722:25:20:%7:intf=1*Oct1722:25:20:%7:*Oct1722:25:20:%7:intf=1[RIP]Oldpathis:nhop=192.168.1.8routesrc=192.168.1.8*Oct1722:25:20:%7:[RIP]Newpathis:nhop=192.168.1.8routesrc=192.168.1.8intf=1*Oct1722:25:20:%7:[RIP][201.16.1.0/24]RIProuterefresh!201.16.1.0路由条目更新*Oct1722:25:20:%7:![RIP][201.16.1.0/24]RIPdistanceapplyfrom192.168.1.*Oct1722:25:20:%7:*Oct1722:25:20:%7:*Oct1722:25:20:%7:*Oct1722:25:20:%7:intf=1[RIP][201.16.1.0/24]cancelroutetimer[RIP][201.16.1.0/24]routetimerschedule...[RIP]Translatemaskto24[RIP]Oldpathis:nhop=192.168.1.8routesrc=192.168.1.8*Oct1722:25:20:%7:[RIP]Newpathis:nhop=192.168.1.8routesrc=192.168.1.8intf=1*Oct1722:25:20:%7:[RIP][201.16.2.0/24]RIProuterefresh!201.16.2.0路由条目更新*Oct1722:25:20:%7:[RIP][201.16.2.0/24]RIPdistanceapplyfrom192.168.1.*Oct1722:25:20:%7:*Oct1722:25:20:%7:[RIP][201.16.2.0/24]cancelroutetimer[RIP][201.16.2.0/24]routetimerschedule...*Oct1722:25:49*Oct1722:25:49*Oct1722:25:49%7:%7:[RIP]Outputtimerexpiredtosendreponse201.16.2.0路由条目更新*Oct1722:25:20:%7:[RIP][201.16.2.0/24]RIPdistanceapplyfrom192.168.1.*Oct1722:25:20:%7:*Oct1722:25:20:%7:[RIP][201.16.2.0/24]cancelroutetimer[RIP][201.16.2.0/24]routetimerschedule...*Oct1722:25:49*Oct1722:25:49*Oct1722:25:49%7:%7:[RIP]Outputtimerexpiredtosendreponse[RIP]PreparetosendBROADCASTresponse...*Oct1722:25:49:%7:network200.16.1.0metric1*Oct1722:25:49:%7:network200.16.2.0metric1*Oct1722:25:49:%7:network200.16.4.0metric16不可达*Oct1722:25:49:%7:[RIP]Sendpacketto192.168.1.255Port520onFastEtheret0/0由接口fa0/0发送路由端口520的RIPv1的广播信息%7:[RIP]BuildingupdateentriesonFastEthernetO/O建立接口fa0/0的接入更新*Oct1722:25:49:%7:[RIP]PreparetosendBROADCASTresponse...*Oct1722:25:49:%7:[RIP]Buil