广东省连州市高三英语分类复习 阅读理解推断文章结构课件

推断文章结构要求考生理解文章的基本结构是高考阅读理解题中的一个新考点。文章的基本结构就是指文章的文脉，即句与句、段与段之间的逻辑关系，或是前因后果，或是平铺直叙，或是前后通过某条主线按逻辑构成一个整体。文章的结构与作者的写作手法有关，因此有关写作手法的题，我们也归为这一类。提问方式1.Thepassageisdevelopedmainlyby________.2.Whichofthefollowingbestshowsthestructureofthepassage?解题技巧1.了解文章的主要逻辑结构是解题的前提：①时空顺序。按时间先后叙述某一事物，或说明某一研究成果由过去至现在的发展情况，或按空间顺序说明某一事物。②总分顺序。首段作总的概括，其他段落分别加以说明或具体论述首段的观点。③分总顺序。前面几段分别说明，末段总结。④对比。这类文章通常以对比各事物之间的共同点或差异为主题。2.概括各段内容的主旨，然后分析相互之间的逻辑关系。考点击破(1)TheAfricanelephant,thelargestlandanimalremainingonearth,isofgreatimportancetoAfricanecosystem(生态系统).Unlikeotheranimals,theAfricanelephantistoagreatextentthebuilderofitsenvironment.Asabigplant-eater,itlargelyshapestheforest-and-savanna(大草原)surroundingsinwhichitlives,thereforesettingthetermsofexistenceformillionsofotheranimalsthatliveinitshabitat(栖息地).

Itistheelephant’sgreatdesireforfoodthatmakesitadisturberoftheenvironmentandanimportantbuilderofitshabitat.Initscontinuoussearchforthe300poundsofplantsitmusthaveeveryday,itkillssmalltreesandunderbushes,andpullsbranchesoffbigtrees.ThisresultsinnumerousopenspacesinbothdeeptropicalforestsandinthewoodlandsthatcoverpartoftheAfricansavannas.Intheseopenspacesarenumerousplantsinvariousstagesofgrowththatattractavarietyofotherplant-eaters…(重庆)70.Thepassageisdevelopedmainlyby__________.A.showingtheeffectandthenexplainingthecausesB.pointingoutsimilaritiesanddifferencesC.describingthechangesinspaceorderD.givingexamplesA

(2)Howcanacreatureweighingover5tonsandnormallytaking150kilogramsoffoodand120litersofwaterperdaysurviveinadesertenvironment?InthesouthwestAfricancountryofNamibia,andtheSaharalandsofMalifurthernorth,thedesertelephantdoesjustthat.…Desertelephantscantravelover70kilometersinsearchforfeedinggroundsandwaterholes,andhavealargergroupoffamilies.Theydrinkonlyevery3-4days,andcanstorewaterina“bag”atthebackoftheirthroat,whichisonlyusedwhenbadlyneeded.Desertelephantsarecarefulfeeders-theyseldomrootuptreesandbreakfewerbranches,andthusmaintainwhatlittlefoodsourcesareavailable.Yongelephantsmayeveneatthedung

（粪便）ofthefemaleleaderofagroupwhenfacingfoodshortage.

Duringdroughttheyareunlikelytogivebirthtotheiryoungbutwithgoodrainsthebirthratewillincreasegreatly.Desertelephantshavesandbaths,sometimesaddingtheirownurine(尿液)tomakethemmuddy!(湖北)67.Theauthoranswersthequestionraisedinthefirstparagraphwith________.A.storiesandexplanation B.factsanddescriptionsC.examplesandconclusion D.evidenceandargumentB(3)Armstrongshowedagreattalentformusicwhenhewastaughttoplaythecornet(短号)ataboy’shome.Inhislateteens,Armstrongbegantolivethelifeofamusician.Heplayedinparades,clubs,andonthesteamboatsthattraveledontheMississippiRiver.Atthattime,NewOrleanswasfamousforthenewmusicofjazzandwashometomanygreatmusicians.Armstronglearnedfr