十大事件(英语)

Theworld'stenbiggestenvironmentalpollutionevent

DeadlakeeventinNorthAmericaCadillac'sshipBlowoutinthegulfofMexicoKubantang"deathvalley"eventWestforestdiseaseeventsIndiaBhopaldisasterThechernobylnuclearleakHighlytoxicpollutioneventtheRhineriverAthensemergencyThegulfwaroilpollutionincident

1、ThenortheasternUnitedStatesandsoutheasternCanada,industrythemostdevelopedareainthewesternhemisphere,totheemissionsofsulfurdioxideintheatmosphereeveryyearmorethan2500tenthousand.About3.8milliontonsofgonewiththewindbytheUnitedStatestoCanada,morethan100tenthousandtonsfromCanadatotheUnitedStates.Intheseventys,theseareasarethelargeareaDistrict.Americanaffectedbyacidrainwaterareaof3.6squarekilometers,23statesof17059lakes9400acidificationmetamorphism.Oneofthetoptenpollutionincident——DeadlakeeventinNorthAmericaThestrongestacidraininVirginia,pHvalue(pH)1.4.NewYorkadiLongDakemountainousarea,in1930only4%ofthelakehasnofish,in1975,nearly50%ofthelakehasnofish,ofwhich200aredeadlake,hearpre-pubescent,deadsilence.Canadaaffectedbyacidrainwaterareaof5.2squarekilometers,morethan5000lakesobviousacidification.Torontoin1979,theaveragevalueofprecipitationacidity(pH)of3.5,moreacidthanatomatojuice,sudbury,Ontario,morethan1500lakesandpondsofdeadfishfloatingaround,lakesidetreeswither.Oneofthetoptenpollutionincident——DeadlakeeventinNorthAmerica2、OnMarch16,1978,theUnitedStates,220000tonsofsupertanker,fullofIraniancrudetoRotterdam,theNetherlands,sailingtherockstoFranceBrittanycoast,leakageofcrudeoil224000tons,a350-kilometercoastalzonepollution.Onlyoysterdiedmorethan9000tons,seabirdskilledmorethan20000tons.Maritimeitselfmorethan100milliondollarsindamage,pollutionlossesandexpensesaremorethanus$500million,andtothelosscausedbypollutedareaoftheMarineecologicalenvironmentismoredifficulttomeasure.Oneofthetoptenpollutionincident——Cadillac'sship3、OnJune3,1979,oilcompaniesinthegulfofMexicocancutherbayneartheYucatanpeninsula,stoke1platformtodrillintothe3625metersdeepunderwatersubmarineoilreservoir,oilspillsuddenlyseriousblowout,makethisareaoftheMarineenvironmentisseriouslypolluted.

Oneofthetoptenpollutionincident——BlowoutinthegulfofMexico

4、KubantangcityofSaoPaulo,Brazil,60kilometerssouthofthe1980sto"thevalleyofdeath"famousintheworld.Thecityislocatedinthevalley,60sintroductionofoilrefining,petrochemicals,ironandsoonmorethan300foreigninvestmententerprises,populationsoaredto150000,becomeindustrialsatellitetownofSaoPaulo.Businessownersofearningmoney,optionalemissionsfromwastewater,valley,smokediffuses.20%ofthemhadrespiratoryallergies,hospitalfullofchildrenandtheelderlytheoxygentherapy,makemorethan20000slumdwellerssufferbadly.OnFebruary25,1984,apipelinerupture,100000gallonsofoilburning,burninghundreds,burnedmorethan400people.OnJanuary26,1985,50tonsofammonialeakageofachemicalfertilizerplant,30peoplepoisoning,8000peopletoevacuate.Ontheoutskirtsof60squarekilometersforestsaredying,themountainseverywhere,intherainandlandslides,vastslumsisdestroyed.Oneofthetoptenpollutionincident——Kubantang"deathvalley"event

5、Theoriginalwestatotalof7.4millionhectaresofforest,bytheyear198334%ofinfectedwiththedisease,eachyearthedeadvolumeaccountingforforestgrowthofmorethan21%inthesameyear,hasmorethan80hectaresofforestshavebeendestroyed.Thiskindofdiseasefromacidrain.IntheBavarianstatepark,duetotheinfluenceofacidrain,almosteverytreewassick,alltheview.Hessatanaltitudeof500metersabovethefirdyingoff,illstateof57%ofthepines.Baden-state"blackforest",isnamedafterthedeepblackoffirandpinegreen,isthefamousresortofEurope,halfthetreesinfectedwiththedisease,alsofallsofftheleavesbrownspots,ofwhich460000muofcompletelydead.Hamburghavethree-quartersoftreesdie.Theforestsoftheindustrialarea,everywherebaldtrees,birds,anddeath,thechildreneveryyearfortenthousandcasesofpeopleinfectedwithspeciallaryngitis.Oneofthetoptenpollutionincident——Westforestdiseaseevents

——IndiaBhopaldisaster6、In1984,OnDecember3rd,theunioncarbidepesticideplantinthecityofBhopal,Indiaformanagementchaos,improperoperation,highlypoisonousmethylisocyanateresinwithinanundergroundstoragetankexplosionwereleakedbypressure.45tonsofgastoformadensesmokestruckataspeedof5000MPHinBhopalcity.Deathofnearlytwentythousandpeople,sufferedmorethantenthousandpeople,50000peopleblind,pregnantwomenabortion,stillbirthasorvulnerableareaof40squarekilometers,thousandsofanimalswerepoisoned.

Oneofthetoptenpollutionincident——Thechernobylnuclearleak7、OnApril26,

1986.LocatedontheoutskirtsofUkraineinKievatthechernobylnuclearpowerplant,duetopoormanagementandoperationerror,reactorcaughtfire,resultinginalargenumberofradioactivematerialleakage.31peoplewerekilledand237peoplehavebeenseriousradioactivedamage.Andwithin20years,30000

peoplewillbemaydevelopcancer.Allaroundtheplantcropswereburied,receives20milliontonsoffood,thelessall7kmwithintheplanttreeswerekilled.Afterhalfacentury,notfarminggrazingwithin10km,100kminsidecannotproducemilk...Thenuclearpollutionofflyashtoneighborisseriousdisaster.ThisisoneofthemostseriousnuclearpollutionintheWorld.

Oneofthetoptenpollutionincident

——HighlytoxicpollutioneventtheRhineriver8、OnNovember1,1986,Basel,Switzerland,doddschemicalwarehousefire,nearly30tonsofhighlytoxic,phosphideandchemicalproductscontainingmercurysulfidewiththefireextinguishingagentandwaterflowsintotheRhine.Downstreamwithin150kilometers,morethan60tenthousandfishdie,500kmriveronbothsidesofthewellwaterundrinkable,neartheriverwaterplantshutdown,thebrewerytosuspendproduction.Toxicantdepositinthebottomoftheriver,willmaketheRhinesoand"death"for20years.

Oneofthetoptenpollutionincident9、9:00amonNovember2,1989,inAthens,Greece,accordingtotheairqualitymonitoringstation318mg/m3,carbondioxideconcentrationintheairmorethanthenationalstandard59%(200mg/m3),issuedareddangersignals.11whenconcentrationto604mg/cubicmeters,morethan500milligram/immediatedangerline.ImmediatelyannouncedbythecentralgovernmentinAthens,intothe"emergency",banningallprivatecarsdriveinthecitycentre,limittherentalcarandmotorcycledriving,andtoputoutallthefuelboiler,themainfactorytocutfuelconsumptionby50%,andschoolsareclosed.Atnoon,theco2concentrationincreasedto631mg/m3,exceedtherecord.Carbonmonoxideconcentrationsandbreakthroughthedangerline.

Oneofthetoptenpollutionincident——Athensemergency

Manycitizensappearhaveaheadache,fatigue,poisoningsymptomsuchasvomiting,shortnessofbreath.Theroarofthecitywereheardeverywhere.Afternoon16when30points,gasmasks,bicycleinthestreetdemonstrationschanting"tobepollutionorus".Oneofthetoptenpollutionincident——Athensemergency

10、OnAugust2,1990toFebruary28,1991gulfwar,intothegulfoil