初中英语语法之介词

介词Prepositions介词是一种用来表示词与词,词与句之间的关系的词。在句中不能单独作句子成分。什么是介词它的作用是什么？1.Lookat

me.()2.Hegoestoschoolby

bike.()3.Heisinterestedin

drawing.()4.Thebookisonthedesk.()代词名词

动名词介词:通常用在_________、_______、_______

之前，表示某个人、事物/东西、事件与另一个之间的_________。名词代词名词动名词关系介词的主要分类：1.atthecinema,inthehospital__________2.Writewithapen,gobybus___________3.insummer,onSeptemper1st___________4.intheeast,tothewestof___________5.bytheway,atlast,intheend___________时间介词地点介词方式介词固定搭配方位介词1.atsixo’clock,atnoon,atthattime,athalfpastthree,atmid-night…________________2.onSunday,onNewYear’sDay,onMarch21st,

onmybirthday…_________________3.inthreedays,inaweek,inamonth,inMay,in1998…_____________________4.inthemorning,intheafternoon,intheevening_____________________

但：onthemorningofMay1st5.atnight=_________heday=inthe________表示点钟或具体一点时间用at表示在某一天用on表示大于一天的时间用in在早上/下午/傍晚用inintheday-time一.时间介词1.MaryisflyingtoFrancesoon.ShewillarriveinParis___themorningofJuly9.A.onB.inC.at2.Thetwinswereborn__aFridayevening.A.inB.onC.at3.WetravelledovernighttoParisandarrived__5o’clock__themorning.A.on,inB.at,inC.at,in4.Wefinishourlessons___11:30andthenhavearest__noon.A.in,inB.at,atC.in,at2、in

＋

after

＋＋Eg.Hewillbebackthreeo’clock.Hewillbebackinafewminutes.Hecamebackafterthreedays.

after一段时间，与将来时连用，表过一段时间之后段时间，与过去时连用，表过一段时间之后点时间，与将来时连用，表多少时间之后

1.MrBrownhasgonetoCanada.Hewillbeback___twoweeks.A.forB.afterC.in2.Ourmanagercameback___anhour.A.inB.afterC.at3.Theyhavebeenhere__anhour.A.forB.afterC.in3.for+时段

since+

时段+ago

since+

时间点

since+

一般过去时句子常用于现在完成时1.Hecamehere__1992,andhehaslivedhere___1992.A.in,forB.in,sinceC.since,since2.IhaveknownLiLei__overfiveyears.A.inB.sinceC.for3.Ithasbeenthreeyearssincehe__here.A.comeB.cameC.comes4.Theoldmanhasbeenaway___twoyearsago.A.inB.sinceC.for4.before在……之前

by到……时为止,不迟于……1.Hewon’tcomeback___five.A.beforeB.afterC.by2.Theworkmustbefinished__Friday.A.atB.byC.after3.Wehadthreemeetings___lastFriday.A.inB.beforeC.byTill/until在肯定句中“到……为止”要用延续性动词。在否定句中not…until“直到……才”动词要用短暂性动词。from…to…表示从…到…Since+过去时间点/for+一段时间常与现

在完成时连用。提问时用howlongIn+一段时间表示将来时，提问时常用

howsoon总结时间介词1.Theyoftenhaveparties______Christmas.2.TheyplantogotoHainan______vacation.3.______themorning______March31,shemadeanimportantdecisioninherlife.Fillintheblanks:atonOn4.______thelifetime,HepburnearnedfourmoreOscarnominations.5.Ithasrained______thedaybeforeyesterday.6.ItwasaverylongdayforJack.Hedidn’tgethomefromschool______sixo’clock.

sinceDuringuntilof7.Waithere______therainstops.8.______getoffthebus____itstops.untiluntilDon’t二.地点介词

1.on在……的上面,与表面接触

over(反义词under)

在……的正上方

above(反义词below)在……上方1.Look!Thereisabridge__theriver.A.onB.overC.above2.Canyouseetheegg___theplate?A.onB.inC.over3.Thelight__usisverybright.A.overB.underC.on4.Thetemperaturewillfall__zeroatnight.A.belowB.aboveC.over5.Suddenlythereisaloudvoice___thetree.A.belowB.aboveC.on6.Thereisaclockonthewall.It’s___theblackboard.A.onB.inC.above7.Aroadis___ourcityandthereismuchtraffic___it.A.on,overB.above,onC.over,on8.Thesunrose___thehorizon(地平线).A.onB.aboveC.over

注意:

on

接触平面

over

在平面的正上方

above

在上方2.in

+大地方

at

+小地方

on

+门牌，某层楼1.Myunclelive___F12__thefifthfloor.A.at,onB.in,onC.on,at2.Theyarrived___Beijingat12:00andwaitedforabus___thestationtothehotel.A.at,inB.in,onC.in,at3.in里面，排、行、组on左、右边at前、后部1.Weare__TeamOne.Isit__thefrontoftheclassroom.LiPingis___myleft.A.on,in,atB.in,in,atC.in,at,on2.Ihaveagoodseat.Isit__thebus.A.inthefrontofB.infrontof3.Theteacherisstanding___ourclassandgiveatalk.A.inthefrontofB.infrontofinfrontof

是在物体外部的前面例如:教室前有个花园。

e.g.Thereisagardeninfrontoftheclassroom.

inthefrontof

是在物体内部的前面例如:教室前有张桌子。

e.g.Thereisadeskinthefrontoftheclassroom.

at一般指小地方；in一般指大地方或某个范围内。over,above和on均表示“在……上面”,over反义词是under;above反义词是below;on指两个物体表面有接触。

infrontof

表示“在……前面”,反义词是behind;inthemiddleof

表示“在……的中间”。between表示在两者之间,among表示“在……中”数目为三者或三者以上,around表示围绕在四周。beside表示“在旁边”,inside表示“在……内”,outside表示“在……外”。Conclusion:near/by/nextto表示“在……旁边”

。opposite表示“在……对面”

。1.Marysits________(在……附近)thewindow.2.Sheissitting_______(在……中间)BettyandTom.3.YaoMingisapopularbasketballplayer________(在……之中)theChinesepeople.4.Ourteacherisstanding_________(在……前面)theblackboard.Fillintheblanks:betweenamongnear/infrontofby5.Myteachersaystheearthmoves_______(围绕)thesun.6.Thereisashop_________(在……对面)ourschool.

aroundopposite1.in

在某范围之内

to

在某范围之外

on

与某地相邻、接壤

1.Chinalies___theeastofAsiaand___thenorthofAustralia.A.in,onB.in,toC.to,in2.Mongoliais___thenorthofChina.A.inB.onC.to三.方位介词三组表示位置关系的介词比较

Bis___theeastofA.Dis___theeastofA.Cis___theeastofA.1.Japanis___theeastofAsia.2.Japanis___theeastofChina.3.Koreais___thenortheastofChina.northsouthwesteastABCDintoonintoonTask3:Runquickly!throughacrossupdownoverround四、Prepositionsofmovement运动介词横穿从内部穿过

across

表面穿过

through

中间穿过

1.Thesunshinecomeintotheroom___thewindow.A.acrossB.throughC.past2.Youcango___theroadhere.A.acrossB.throughC.past3.Canyouswim____theriver.A.acrossB.throughC.pastup

表示“向上”,其反义词down表示“向下”。

along

表示“沿着”。

into表示进入的过程;onto为放上去的过程;out

of为“在……外部”。over表示“越过,跨过,在…正上方”。Conclusion:from表示“从,自”;to表示“向,往,到”。off表示“脱离,不触及”。

round表示“环绕,围绕”。1.Millieiswalking________theroad.(沿着)2.Simonisswimming________thepool.(横穿)3.Eddieisjumping________thechair.(越过)4.Atrainisgoing_______thetunnel.(穿过)5.Kittyisclimbing_______thehill.(向上)6.Amyiswalking______thesofa______thewindow.7.Sandyisgoing______thelibrary.(去)8.Hoboiswalking_______thetable.(环绕着)Fillintheblanks:alongthroughacrossoverupfromtotoround9.Hesuddenlyreturned_________________.(在一个寒冷的雨夜)10.Moreandmorepeopleliketosleep__________________.(窗户开着)11.Hewillbeback______________.(三天后)Fillintheblanks:inthreedaysonacoldrainyday

withthewindowsopenMultiplechoice:1.Where’sAlice?Weareallhere______her.A.besidesB.aboutC.exceptD.with2.Shesentherfriendacardapresent.A.onB.asC.forD.of3.Thefilmisdirected______TimBurton.A.toB.forC.asD.by4.Alicewaslate______theparty.A.forB.toC.withD.of5.Shehadbeenwaiting______10years.A.withB.forC.ofD.at6.Aliceisthegirl______blue.A.withB.ofC.inD.on______五.表方式、方法、手段1.

in

用材料、语言2.

with

用工具、某物3.

by

用方式、方法、手段

1.Mymotheroftengotowork___bike.A.inB.onC.by2.Ifyouareabletogettheticketstomorrow,

pleasetellme___phone.A.throughB.byC.on

3.Theteacheriswritingonthepaper__redinkandtheblackboard__apieceofchalk.A.with,withB.in,withC.with,in4.Canyousayit___English?A.inB.withC.by5.Youcangetsomeinformation__thecomputer.A.inB.onC.by1.between

在两者之间

among

在……当中（三者或以上）

during

在……期间

1.Somesupermarketsopen__8:30and8:00p.m.__theMid-AutumnDay.A.at,duringB.between,duringC.between,in2.Theylived____themountainsinthepast.A.amongB.betweenC.during3.Don’tsit____thetwogirls.

A.amongB.betweenC.during六.其它介词2.except

除……之外，不包括

besides

除……之外，还包括

1.Everyonepassedtheexam___Tom.A.besidesB.exceptC.for2.__MrLi,fiveteacherswenttothemeeting.A.BesidesB.ExceptC.Beside1.writewith

apen,cutwith

aknife,lockwithakey…____________________使用工具用介词with2.seewith

oureyes,dowith

ourhands,smellwithournoses,eatwith

ourmouths…____________________使用器官用介词withPrepositionsofways3.inEnglish,

in

French,

in

yourownwords,inthreelanguages…_____________________4.inaloudvoice,inalowvoice…

______________________5.in

thisway,in

theseways,by

thismeans…

______________________使用语言用介词in使用声音用介词in使用方法用介词in或by6.bybike,bybus,bytrain,byplane,byship,bycar…(onfoot)byland陆路，byroad陆路bysea水路，byair空运

________________________使用交通工具用by但：onthebike,onabus,onatrain,ontheplane,ontheship,inthecar…介词和动词的固定搭配。(1)同一动词和不同介词的搭配：lookat(看)

lookfor(找)lookafter(照顾)lookover(检查)lookoutof(朝……外面看)look(a)round(环视)arrivein＋大地方(到达)arriveat＋小地方(到达)hearof(听说)hearfrom(收到……的来信)spend＋钱＋onsth.(花钱做某事)spend＋时间＋(in)doingsth.(花时间做某事)同一介词和不同动词的搭配：askfor(要求)

leavefor(动身去)sendfor(派人去请)

payfor(付钱)waitfor(等待)agreewithsb(同意某人)beginwith(以……开始)helpwith(在……方面帮助)catchupwith(赶上)geton/alongwith(与……相处)makefriendswith(与……交朋友)(2)同一介词和不同动词的搭配：askfor(要求)

leavefor(动身去)sendfor(派人去请)

payfor(付钱)waitfor(等待)agreewithsb(同意某人)beginwith(以……开始)helpwith(在……方面帮助)catchupwith(赶上)geton/alongwith(与……相处)makefriendswith(与……交朋友)(3)其他的介词和动词的搭配：listento(听)

comefrom(来自……)falloff(从……上摔下)

tryout(试验)knockat/on(敲)prefer...to...(比起……来还是……好)learnbyoneself(自学)takecareof(照顾)stop...(from)doing(阻止……做……)helponeselfto＋食物(随便吃……)getto(到达)Thanksto(多亏，由于)介词和形容词的常见搭配：begoodat(在……方面好)beweakin(在……方面差)begoodfor(对……有好处)bebadfor(对……有坏处)belatefor(迟到)besorryfor(为……遗憾，抱歉)befullof(充满)bebusywith(忙于)beangrywith(对某人生气)beafraidof(害怕)beinterestedin(对……感兴趣)bedifferentfrom(与……不同)bestrictwithsb.insth.(在某事上对某人严格)befondof(喜爱)1.害怕2.对……惊讶3.生气4.对……兴奋5.对……满意6.以……著名7.充满了8.擅长9.对……感兴趣10.迟到11.与……不同

beafraidof

beamazedat

beangrywith

beexcitedabout

bepleasedw