选修7第1单元语法：不定式复习

Martysays…2.Iusedtoclimbtrees,swimandplayfootball.3.ThenIstartedtogetweakerandweaker.HaveALk

Unfortunately,thedoctorsdon’tknowhowtomakemebetter,butIamveryoutgoingandhavelearnedtoadaptto

mydisability.4.Evenafterallthat,noonecouldgivemydiseaseanameanditisdifficulttoknow

whatthefutureholds.5.Sometimes,too,Iwastooweaktogoto

schoolsomyeducationsuffered.6.Myambitionistoworkforafirm

thatdevelopscomputersoftwarewhenIgrowup.Martysays…Martysays…7.LastyearIinvented…andabigcompanyhasdecided

tobuyitfromme.8.Ialsohavetodoalotofwork,especiallyifIhavebeenawayforawhile.9.Justacceptthemforwhotheyare,andgivethemencouragementtoliveasrichandfullalifeasyoudo.动词不定式知多少？想一想：一不定式的构成二不定式的功能三不定式的否定式四不定式的时态和语态五疑问词+不定式动词不定式是动词的一种非谓语形式。由“？”构成,其否定形式是“

？

”,不定式可以带宾语或状语构成不定式短语,没有人称和数的变化,但有时态和语态的变化。一、动词不定式的构成

Atthe2004AthensOlympicGames,LiuXiangexcitedallthepeopleoverAsiawhenhebecamethefirstAsiantowinthegoldmedal/inthemen’s110-metrehurdles.1.作主语2.作宾语3.作宾语补足语4.作定语5.作状语6.作表语7.作独立成分8.与疑问词等连用二、不定式的功能

Pickouttheinfinitivesinthesentencesandtelltheirfunctions.HepretendedtobereadingattentivelywhenIcamein.ItisofgreathelpforustolearnEnglishwell.Ididn’texpectMarytoinvitemetoherbirthdayparty.Shelistenstonewseverydaysoastofindoutwhat’sgoingon.Thecartobeboughtisforhissisters.Theimportantthinginlifeistohaveagreataim,andthedeterminationtoattainit.(宾语）(主语）(宾补）(状语）(定语）(表语）不定式可作主、宾、表、定、状、补语。起名词，形容词和副词的作用。归纳不定式

不定式的时态和语态形式主动式被动式与谓语动作的关系一般式todotobedone进行式/与谓语动作同时发生完成式知识梳理形式主动式被动式与谓语动作的关系一般式todotobedone动作发生在谓语动作之后进行式tobedoing/与谓语动作同时发生完成式tohavedonetohavebeendone动作发生在谓语动作之前(1).Theypretendednottoseeus.(2).Hepretendedtobesleeping.(3).Shepretendedtohaveknownitbefore.(一般式表示与谓语的动作同时/几乎/发生在它之后.)(在谓语动词发生的同时,不定式的动作也正在进行)(完成式表示动作发生在谓语动作之前)(4).We’rehappytohavebeenworkingwith

you.(完成进行式表示谓语动作发生之前,不定式的动作一直在进行而且可能之后也继续)不定式的时态:ItissaidthatRobothasbeenstudyingabroad.—Robotissaidto__________________________.2.ItissaidthatRobotstudiedabroad.—Robotissaidto______________________.3.ItissaidthatRobotisstudyingabroad.--—Robotissaidto_____________________.4.ItissaidthatRobotwillstudyabroad.--—Robotissaidto_______________________.动词不定式的语态㈠.主动式(todo/tobedoing/tohavedone)WewanttolearnEnglishwell.Heisthefirststudenttohavegottheprize.Wedidn’texpectyoutobewaitingforushere.Shewishedtohavebeenreadingasmuchastheothers.当不定式逻辑上的主语是不定式所表示的动作的执行者时.不定式的使用动词不定式的语态㈡.被动式(tobedone/tohavebeendone)1.Hedidn’tliketobelaughedat.2.Thechairmanannouncedthemeetingtobestarted.3.Thenewsreportershurriedtotheairports,onlytobetoldthefilmstarhadleft.4.Doletyourmotherknowallthetruth.Sheappearstohavebeentoldeverything.当不定式逻辑上的主语是不定式所表示的动作的承受者时.不定式的用法动词不定式的语态1.Heclaimed____inthesuppermarketwhenhewasdoingshoppingyesterday.（上海98）beingbadlytreatedB.treatingbadlyC.tobetreatedbadly

D.tohavebeenbadlytreated.2.Thetransportationwillimprovealotinthiscity,withtwonewroads_____inthenearfuture.A.toconstructB.beingconstructedC.tobeconstructedD.constructing不定式的用法不定式在句中的作用Itisnecessarytotellhimthetruth.

Totellhimthetruthisnecessary.主语练习1.再次见到你真高兴。

It’sgood/agreatpleasuretoseeyouagain.2.他们那样做是不明智的。

Itisunwise___________________.

Itis+n/adj.(for/ofsb.)todoTogiveupsmokingisright.Itisrighttogiveupsmoking.不定式的用法ofthemtodolikethat不定式在句中的作用2.Ineedtoattendthemeeting.

宾语练习他们决定周末去野餐。Theyhave_______________________attheweekend.Shewantstoseethenewmovie.decide,/determine,learn,want,expect/hope/wish,refuse,manage,care,pretend,offer,promise,choose,plan,agree,ask/beg,help/afford,strive,happen,wait,threaten他拒绝借给我自行车。They______________mehisbike.不定式的用法decidedtohaveapicnicrefusedtolendV+todo决心学会想希望,拒绝设法愿假装.学会答应选计划,同意请求帮一帮.不定式在句中的作用3.Haveyougotanyquestionstoask?Ihavenochairtositon.练习没什么可担心的。Thereisnothing

toworryabout.定语

Betty是第一个知道真相的人.

Bettywasthefirsttoknowthetruth.不定式的用法修饰抽象名词如：ability,answer,reply,chance,excuse,idea,moment,reason,time,promise,attempt,way等+todo我没机会外出观光。Ihavenochancetogosightseeing.不定式在句中的作用4.ThebestwaytolearnEnglishistomakefriendswithanativespeaker.表语练习我的目标是考入北大。她的梦想是当一名设计师。Mygoalis______________________.Herdreamis__________________.不定式的用法tobeadmittedtoBeijingUniversitytobecomeadesigner不定式在句中的作用5.Ididn'texpectMarytoinvitemetoherbirthdayparty.宾补练习你可以让你姐姐帮你一下。Youcanaskyoursistertohelpyou.我总是劝他戒烟。Ialwaysadvisehimtogiveupsmoking.advise,allow,ask,beg,encourage,expect,forbid,force,get,invite,order,persuade,permit,prefer,tell,want,warn,wish,wouldlikesb.todo不定式的用法五看

watch

see

observe

notice三使

let

make

have

二听

listento

hear一发现、感觉:

find,

feel注意：当不定式放在下列动词后面作宾语补语时，不定式不带to。常用口诀如下：四看三室（使）两厅（听）一发现、感觉---CanIhavethedocumentrightnow?----Ofcourse.WaitaminuteandI’llhavemysecretary_____itforyou.A.toprintB.printingC.printedD.print2.Wetriedhard,andeventually,wewereabletogetMike____ushiscarforjustaday.A.lendingB.lendC.tolendD.lentPracticeImadehimdohiswork.Hewasmadetodohiswork(byme).Thedirectorhad

herassistant

pickup

somehotdogsforthemeeting.不定式在句中的作用练习我匆忙赶到汽车站，只是发现汽车刚刚离开。He’sgonetotheofficetoaskquestions.Ihurriedtothebusstop,onlytofindthebushadjustleft.6.Shelistenstothenewseverydaysoastofindoutwhat'sgoingon.7.Iwasdisappointedtohearthenews.状语他去办公室问题了。不定式的用法不定式的其他用法1.和疑问词连用Itisusefultoknow

howtodrive.Toknow

howtodriveisuseful.你决定穿什么参加去参加面试了吗？Haveyoudecidedwhat

toweartotheinterview?没人告诉我在哪买票。Nobodytoldmewhere

tobuytheticket.decide,discuss,explain,findout,learn,show,teach,tell,wonder

whether/what/who/how/where/when

todo其他用法2.和否定词连用不定式的其他用法Weturneddownthemusicinordernot

todisturbtheneighbors.nottodo1.妈妈让他不要花太多的时间玩电脑游戏。MothertoldhimnottospendtoomuchtimeonPCgames.2.他假装没看见我。Shepretendednottoseeme.其他用法3.不定式在一些特殊句型中的运用：…too…to…(TextbookP59.Ex.4)…enoughto…(P59.Ex.5)Itisadj.forsb.to…Itisadj.ofsb.to…Sb./Sth.issaid/reportedto…难点突破4.动词不定式不带to的特殊情况：(1)在介词but,except,besides,than前若有实义动词do时：Whatdoyouliketo

do

besidesswim?Hecoulddo

nothingexcept/butwait.Hedidnothingelsethanlaugh.Icouldhardlydolessthanlieinbed.Ididnomorethanfinishthework.难点突破(2)表示“只好,不得不”的but之后：(can’t/couldnotbut,can’t/couldnothelpbut,can’tchoosebut)1)It’sraininghard.Ican’thelpbutstayathome.2)Wecouldnotbutfacethereality.3)Ican’tchoosebutfinishthework.4.动词不定式不带to的特殊情况：难点突破5.独立结构tobefrank,tobeexact,tobehonest,tobeginwithTotellyouthetruth,Idon’tagreewithyou.类似的结构Exercises:判断成分Hewantstobeasinger.It’sveryeasytodothework.Heoftencomestoseeme.Haveyouseehimcomein?Hewasconsideredtohavetakenit.二.用正确的词的形式填空。Theywateredthesoil_________(stop)itgettingtoodry.Yoursisterissaid____________(take)aplanebefore.WhenIcamein,hepretended___________(read)abook.宾主状宾补主语补足语tostoptohavetakentobereading4.________(make)thingsworse,mycarwasheldupbythetrafficaccident.5.Weusedtohearourteacher_____(sing)thissong.6.Themeeting___________(hold)nextweekisveryimportant.7.Thedustyairmakesitdifficult_____(get)aclearpictureofspace.三.翻译下列各句singtobeheldtogetTomake1.不定式的完成和进行式1.给你添了这么多麻烦，真对不起。I’msorrytohavebroughtyousomuchtrouble.2.我们没想到你已经请了他。Wedon’texpectyoutohaveinvitedher.3.据报道他们正在这个地区修建另外一条铁路。Theyarereportedtobebuildinganotherrailwayacrosstheregion.4.我们很高兴这一段时间和你一起学习。