组织行为学 英文版PPT CHAPTER1

1-1Chapter1

Introductionto

OrganizationalBehavior

EssentialsofOrganizationalBehavior,10/eStephenP.Robbins&TimothyA.Judge1-2Afterreadingthischapter,youshouldbeableto:Defineorganizationalbehavior(OB).ExplainthevalueofthesystematicstudyofOB.IdentifythecontributionsmadetoOBbymajorbehavioralsciencedisciplines.DescribehowOBconceptscanhelpmakeorganizationsmoreproductive.ListthemajorchallengesandopportunitiesformanagerstouseOBconcepts.IdentifythethreelevelsofanalysisinOB.1-3TheFieldofOrganizationalBehaviorOrganizationalBehaviorstudiestheinfluencethatindividuals,groupsandstructurehaveonbehaviorwithinorganizations.Itschiefgoalistoapplythatknowledgetowardimprovinganorganization’seffectiveness.1-4组织行为学——是综合运用与人有关的各种知识，采用系统分析的方法，研究一定组织中人的心理和行为规律，从而提高各级主管人员对人的行为的预测和引导能力，以便更有效地实现组织目标的一门科学。1-5这一概念包括以下含义：

1.组织行为学的研究对象是人的心理和行为的规律性。

2.组织行为学的研究范围是一定组织中的人的心理与行为的规律。

3.组织行为学不是孤立地而是系统地研究一定组织中人的行为规律的。

4.组织行为学研究的目的是在掌握一定组织中人的心理和行为规律性的基础上，提高预测、引导、控制人的行为的能力，以达到组织既定的目标。1-6FocalPointsofOBJobsWorkAbsenteeismEmploymentturnoverProductivityHumanperformanceManagement1-7ComplementingIntuitionwithSystematicStudyIntuition:the“gutfeeling”explanationofbehavior.Systematicstudyimprovesabilitytoaccuratelypredictbehavior.Assumesbehaviorisnotrandom.Fundamentalconsistenciesunderliebehavior.Thesecanbeidentifiedandmodifiedtoreflectindividualdifferences.1-8SystematicStudyExaminesrelationships.Attemptstoattributecausesandeffects.Basesconclusionsonscientificevidence:Ondatagatheredundercontrolledconditions.Dataismeasuredandinterpretedinareasonablyrigorousmanner.1-9Evidence-BasedManagementComplementssystematicstudy.Basesdecisionsonthebestavailablescientificevidence.Forcesmanagerstobecomemorescientificintheirthinking.1-10ContributingDisciplines

totheOBFieldMicro:TheIndividualMacro:Groups&Organizations1-11组织行为学的性质与特点

（一）边缘性、综合性(marginalityandcomprehensiveness)

1.多学科交叉性(Intersectionality)

2.多层次性(multilaterallayer)第一层是个体。

第二层是群体。第三层是组织。第四层是组织的外部环境。1-12（二）两重性(duality)

这种两重性来自于以下三个方面：一是来自多学科性。(multidisciplinary)二是来自组织行为学的研究对象“人”本身的两重性。三是来自管理的两重性1-13（三）实用性(practicability)组织行为学相对于心理学、社会学、人类学等学科来说，它属于应用性科学(Appliedscience),。而心理学、社会学、人类学是属于理论性科学(Theoreticalscience)。这些学科是组织行为学的理论基础。1-14FewAbsolutesinOBImpossibletomakesimpleandaccurategeneralizationsHumanbeingsarecomplexanddiverseOBconceptsmustreflectsituationalconditions:contingencyvariables1-15ChallengesandOpportunitiesforOBTheworkplaceiscontainsawidemixofcultures,races,ethnicgroups,gendersandagesEmployeeshavetolearntocopewithrapidchangeduetoglobalcompetitionCorporateloyaltyhasdecreasedduetocorporatedownsizinganduseoftempworkersManagerscanbenefitfromOBtheoryandconcepts1-16RespondingtoGlobalizationIncreasedforeignassignmentsDifferingneedsandaspirationsinworkforceWorkingwithpeoplefromdifferentculturesDomesticmotivationaltechniquesandmanagerialstylesmaynotworkOverseeingmovementofjobstocountrieswithlow-costlabor1-17ManagingWorkforceDiversityWorkforcediversity:

organizationsarebecomingamoreheterogeneousmixofpeopleintermsofgender,age,race,ethnicity,andsexualorientation1-18DiversityImplications“Managershavetoshifttheirphilosophyfromtreatingeveryonealiketorecognizingdifferencesandrespondingtothosedifferencesinwaysthatensureemployeeretentionandgreaterproductivitywhile,atthesametime,notdiscriminating.”1-19OBOffersInsightsInto:ImprovingqualityandproductivityCustomerserviceandbuildingacustomer-responsivecultureDevelopingpeopleskills1-20OBAidsinDealingWith:StimulatingInnovationandChangeIncreasing“temporariness”intheworkplaceHelpingemployeesbalancework-lifeconflictsImprovingethicalbehavior1-21ThinkingPositiveCreatingapositiveworkenvironmentcanbeacompetitiveadvantagePositiveOrganizationalScholarship(PositiveOB):Examineshoworganizationsdevelophumanstrengths,fostervitalityandresilience,andunlockpotential.Focusisonemployeestrengths,nottheirweaknesses.1-22ThreeLevelsofOBAnalysisChapters2-7Chapters8-13Chapters14-16PlanoftheBook1-23ImplicationsforManagersOBhelpswith:InsightstoimprovepeopleskillsValuingofworkforcediversityEmpoweringpeopleandcreatingapositiveworkenvironmentDealingwithlaborshortagesCopinginaworldoftemporarinessCreatinganethicallyhealthyworkenvironment1-24研究和应用组织行为学的意义及作用（一）有助于加强以人为中心的管理，充分调动人的积极性、主动性和创造性。（二）有助于知人善用，合理地使用人才。（三）有助于改善人际关系，增强群体的合理凝聚力和向心力。（四）有助于提高领导水平，改善领导者和被领导者的关系。（五）有助于组织变革和组织发展。1-25ThemeaningandsignificanceoflearningandapplyingOB(A)tohelpstrengthenpeople-centeredmanagement.(B)tohelpappreciatingpersonreasonably(C)tohelpimprovingrelationships.(D)tohelpimprovingthelevelofleadership.(E)tocontributingtoorganizationalchangeandorganizationaldevelopment.1-26KeepinMind…OB’sgoalistounderstandandpredicthumanbehaviorinorganizations.Fundamentalconsistenciesunderliebehavior.ItismoreimportantthanevertolearnOBconcepts.Bothmanagersandemployeesmustlearntocopewithtemporariness.1-27SummaryDefinedOrganizationalBehavior(OB).