上海市徐汇区2017届高三第一学期12月学习能力诊断英语试题卷(word版)

..2016学年第一学期徐汇区学习能力诊断卷高三英语试题2016.12高三英语试卷<听力略Directions:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.PleasemindthesilenceDespitebeingusedby1.34billionpeopleeachyear,travelingontheTubeinLondoncanactuallybequitelonely.Anunwrittenruleencouragingsilence,mixedwithclassicBritishreserve,meansthat<21> you’repackedintoanenclosedspacewithhundredsofotherpeople,themorningcommute<上下班canleaveyoufeelingsomewhatisolated.OneLondonresident,however,istryingtochangethis."YougetontheTubehereandifscompletelysilentandifsweird,"saysJonathanDunne,42,anAmericanlivinginLondon,whohas,ironically,started<22> worldwidedialogueaftergivingoutbadges<黴章withtheslogan"Tubechat?"lastmonth,encouragingcommutersinLondontogettalkingtooneanother."Ihandedout500badgesduringrushhourinacityof8million,expectingmanyrefusalsandmostofthem<23> <throw>away,butafterabout24hoursitcompletelysnowballed,"hesays.Dunneandhis"Tubechat"campaign<24> <feature>inmediaacrosstheworldeversince,seeingTVinterviewsinSweden,BrazilandtheUK,aswellascountlesswebsite,newspaperandmagazineappearances.AlthoughDunnesayshe’sreceivedmostlypositivefeedback,noteveryoneagreeswithhissentiment.LondonerBrianWilsonrespondedwithacampaignof<25> own,handingout500badgeswiththewords"Don’teventhinkaboutit"onthem."I<26> hardlystandtheideaofhavingtotalktostrangersontheTubeonmywaytowork,"hetoldtheBBC.MichaelRobinson,24,astudentfromLondon,agrees."BeingontheTubeistheonlypeaceandquietsomepeoplegetontheirjourneystoand<27> work.Itdoesn’tneedtobespoiledbypeoplecomingupandchattingtoyou,"hesays.WhileLondonhasitsseeminglyantisocialsetofregulationstofollow,noteverywherelacksasenseofcommunity.DoesDunnehopethatsomeofthiscommunityspirit<28> <mirror>intheUKfollowinghiscampaign?"PeopleassumethatIjustwalkupandtalktostrangers,<29> Idon’t,butit’sbeenagreatwaytomeetpeopleyouwouldneverhavenormallyspokento,"hesays."OnMonday,Oct10,thecurator<馆长oftheLondonTransportMuseumhadmeoverfortea."Soifyoueverendup<30> <use>publictransportintheWest,whynotsayhellotothepersonnexttoyou?Justmakesuretocheckforabadgefirst.SectionBDirections:Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.EachwordcanbeusedonlyA.overtookB.promisingC.likelihoodD.ridiculousE.sharedF.controlledGbeliefsH.reasonableI.trendJ.trackedK.demonstratedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.Theriseinstoriesdescribingeventsthatneverhappened,ofteninvolvingfakepeopleinfakeplaces,hasledtoFacebookandGoogle’s<31> todealwiththem.Butarewereallysoeasytofool?Accordingtoseveralstudies,theanswerisyes:eventhemostobviousfakenewsstartstobecomebelievableifit’s<32> enoughtimes.InthemonthsrunninguptotheUSelectiontherewasaswrge<大浪infakenews.AccordingtoananalysisbyCraigSilverman,ajournalist,duringthistimethetop20fakestoriesincirculation<33> thetop20storiesfrom19mainstreampublishers.PaulHorner,acreativepublisheroffakenews,hassaidhebelievesDonaldTrumpwaselectedbecauseofhim."MysiteswerepickedupbyTrumpsupportersallthetime…Hisfollowersdon’tfact-checkanything-they’llposteverything,believeanything,"hetoldtheWashingtonPost.Silvermanpreviously<34> rumourscirculatingonlinein2014andfoundthatsharesandsocialinteractionsaroundfakenewsarticlesdwarfed<使...相形见绌thoseofthearticlesthatexposedthem.AccordingtoSilverman,fakenewsstoriesareengineeredtoappealtopeople’shopesandfears,andaren’t<35> byreality,whichgivesthemtheedgeincreatingshareablecontent.Youmightthinkyou’reimmunetofallingfortheselies,butawealthofresearchdisagrees.Backinthe1940s,researchersfoundthat"themorearumouristold,themore<36> itsounds".Theysuggestedthismeansthatarumourbornoutofmildsuspicioncan,bygainingcurrency,shiftpublicthinkingandopinion.Thisfalseimpressionoftruthwas<37> practicallyin1977whenresearchersintheUSquizzedcollegestudentsontheactualityofstatementsthattheyweretoldmaybetrueorfalse.Theresearchersfoundthatsimplyrepeatingthestatementsatalaterdatewasenoughtoincreasethe<38> ofthestudentsbelievingthem.Lastyear,LisaFazioatVanderbiltUniversityinTennesseeandherteamfoundthatstudentsbecomemorelikelytobelieveastatementthattheyknowmustbefalseifitisrepeated."Ourresearchsuggeststhatfalsenewscanandlikelydoesaffectpeople’s<39> .Evenifpeopleareconsciousthataheadlineisfalse,readingitmultipletimeswillmakeitseemmoretrustworthy,"Faziosays.Reassuringly,theteamfoundthataperson’sknowledgestillhasalargeinfluenceovertheirbeliefs,butit’sstillaworrying<40> giventhatfalsehoodsappearrepeatedlyinournewsfeedseveryday.ReadingComprehensionSectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearcfourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Twokeyclimatechangeindicators—globalsurfacetemperaturesandArcticseaiceextent—havebrokennumerousrecordsthroughthefirsthalfof2016,accordingtoNASAanalysesofground-basedobservationsandsatellitedata.Eachofthefirstsixmonthsof2016setarecordasthewarmest<41> monthgloballyinthemoderntemperaturerecord,which<42> 1880,accordingtoscientistsatNASA'sGoddardInstituteforSpaceStudies<GISS>inNewYork.Thesix-monthperiodfromJanuarytoJunewasalsotheplanet'swarmesthalf-yearonrecord,witha<n><43> temperature1.3degreesCelsius<2.4degreesFahrenheit>warmerthanthelatenineteenthcentury.Fiveofthefirstsixmonthsof2016also<44> thesmallestrespectivemonthlyArcticseaice<45> sinceregularsatelliterecordsbeganin1979,accordingtoanalysesdevelopedbyscientistsatNASA'sGoddardSpaceFlightCenter,inGreenbelt,Maryland.Theone<46>_____,March,recordedthesecondsmallestforthatmonth.<47> thesetwokeyclimateindicatorshavebrokenrecordsin2016,NASAscientistssaiditismoresignificantthatglobaltemperatureandArcticseaicearecontinuingtheirdecades-longtrendsofchange.Bothtrendsareultimatelydrivenbyrising<48> ofheat-trappingcarbondioxideandothergreenhousegasesintheatmosphere.TheextentofArcticseaiceatthepeakofthesummermeltseasonnowtypically<49> 40percentlessareathanitdidinthelate1970sandearly1980s.ArcticseaiceextentinSeptember,theseasonallowpointintheannualcycle,hasbeen<50> atarateof13.4percentperdecade."WhiletheElNinoeventinthetropicalPacificthiswinter<51> thegainingglobaltemperaturesfromOctober,itisthebasictrendwhichisproducingtheserecordnumbers,"GISSDirectorGavinSchmidtsaid.<52> ElNinoeventshavedriventemperaturestowhatwerethenrecordlevels,suchasin1998.Butin2016,evenastheeffectsoftherecentElNinowearoff,globaltemperatureshaverisenwellbeyondthoseof18yearsago<53> theoverallwarmingthathastakenplaceinthattime.Theglobaltrendinrisingtemperaturesfallsbehindtheregional<54> intheArctic,saidWaltMeier,aseaicescientistatNASAGoddard."Ithasbeenarecordyearsofarforglobaltemperatures,buttherecordhightemperaturesintheArcticoverthepastsixmonthshavebeenevenmoreextreme,"Meiersaid."Thiswarmthaswellasunusualweather<55> haveledtotherecordlowseaiceextentssofarthisyear."41.A.resistantB.respectiveC.resolvedD.remote42.A.makessenseofB.keepsupwithC.datesbacktoD.goesaheadof43.A.averageB.ordinaryC.commonD.temporary44.A.confirmedB.witnessedC.involvedD.conducted45.A.standardB.contentC.amountD.extent46.A.datumB.exampleC.monthD.exception47.A.WhileB.WhenC.AfterD.As48.A.combinationsB.reductionsC.concentrationsD.applications49.A.includesB.coversC.approachesD.indicates50.A.increasingB.changingC.decliningD.moving51.A.endedupwithB.gaverisetoC.brokeawayfromD.resultedfrom52.A.FrequentB.NaturalC.DisastrousD.Previous53.A.inreturnforB.incaseofC.inspiteofD.becauseof54.A.warmingB.fallingC.gatheringD.changing55.A.forecastsB.varietiesC.patternsD.illustrationsSectionBDirections:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA.B.CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.ALateoneautumndayattheaquaticcenter<水上运动中心inAncenis,France,somethingwentquietly,horriblywrong.An18-year-oldnamedJean-FrancoisLeRoywasaregular,comingoftenintheearlyeveningstoswiminthe25-meterpool.Drowningsareoftendifficulttospot.Mostarenear-silentincidentswherethevictimquicklysinksoutofview.Onthisparticulardaymaybethelifeguardsweren'tpayingascloseattentionastheyshouldhavebeen.CertainlytheybelievedthetallathleticLeRoywasnotahigh-riskswimmer.ButonthiseveningLeRoywaspracticingapnea<屏气swimming—testinghowfarhecouldswimunderwaterononebreath—andatsomepoint,withoutmakinganyvisibleoraudibledisturbanceonthewater'ssurface,helostconsciousness.Theguardsfailedtonoticeashestoppedswimmingandsanktothebottomofthedeependofthepool.Withhisarmscrossedoverhisheadandhisfeettwitching<抽搐>,hewasunconsciousanddrowning.Itwouldlakehimaslittleasfourminutestodie.Althoughthehumanlifeguardswitchingthepoolwereunaware,12largemachineeyesdeepunderwaterwerewatchingthewholethingandtakingnotice.Justninemonthsearlierthecenterhadinstalledastate-of-the-artelectronicsurveillancesystemcalledPoseidon,anetworkofcamerasthatfeedsacomputerprogrammedtouseasetofcomplexmathematicalproceduretodistinguishbetweennormalanddistressedswimming.Poseidoncoversapool'sentireswimmingareaandcandistinguishamongdimreflections,shadows,andactualswimmers.Itcanalsotellwhenrealswimmersaremovinginawaythey'renotsupposedto.Whenthecomputerdetectsapossibleproblem,itinstantlyactivatesabeepertowarnlifeguardsanddisplaystheexactincidentlocationonamonitor.Therestisuptothehumansabovethewater.SixteensecondsafterPoseidonnoticedthelarge,sinkinglumpthatwasJean-FrancoisLeRoy,lifeguardshadLeRoyoutofthepoolandgavehimfirstaid.Hestartedbreathingagain.Afteronenightinthelocalhospital,hewasreleasedwithnopermanentdamage.Poseidonhadsavedhislife.Peoplesometimesfailtodetectaccidentsintheswimmingpoolbecause .lifeguardsneglecttheirduties B.drowningmendon’tstruggleinwaterthereisnoelectronicsurveillancesysteminstalleddrowningsoftenoccurquietlyandquicklyWhichofthefollowingstatementsinNOTtrue?LifeguardswillgivewaytoPoseidonsystem.Poseidonsystemcanlocatedrowningincidents.Poseidonsystemcanpickoutunusualswimmers.LifeguardswillcountonPoseidonsystem.Thepurposeofthispassageisto .publicizeamachinewhichcanwatchoutforswimmersindistresstellpeoplewhatmayhappeninaswimmingpoolwarnswimmersnottoswimunderwateraloneadvertiseanaquaticcenterequippedwithstate-of-the-artdevicesBThefirstanimalsonearthwereneverabletoachievemuchintheworldbecausetheylivedinthesea,whichprovidedlimitedoxygen,andtheyhadnobackbone.Foragesthereweremanykindsoftheseanimalslivingintheseaandonland.Theydifferedwidelyfromeachotherandincludedsuchcreaturesasinsectsandworms.Theyhadnobrain,andthereforenoneoftheseanimalswithoutabackbonehaseverbeenofmuchimportance.Theyarewonderfullymadebutdiffersowidelythatitisreallyimpossibletoarrangetheminasimpleorder.However,thosewhostudythedifferentkindsofbackbonedanimalsfindtheycanallbearrangedinasimpleway.Moreimportantly,itispossibletoshowwhichclassevolvedfirst,whichlast,andsoon.Thefivegreatclassesofbackbonedanimalsare:fishes,amphibian,reptiles,birdsandmammals.Acommonamphibianisthefrogwhichisabletoliveinwaterandonland.Amammalfeedsitsyoungbygivingmilk.Thereareverygreatdifferencesbetweenafish,afrog,ahorse,abirdandaman;yettheyallhaveabackbone.Agreatstepwastakenwhensomecreaturesswamashore.Perhapsitallbeganwhenthefrogdeveloped.Eventoday,ababyfrog,thetadpole,beginsasafish,havinggills<鳃>,butthenbecomesafrogwithlungs.Thefrogevendevelopsfeetandhandssimilartooursinbonestructure.Agesagothefirstfroglaiddowntheplanofthekindoflimbs<肢whichallbackbonedanimals,includinghumans,havebad,thoughsomeofthem,likethebird,donotkeepthiskindoffive-fingeredlimballtheirlives.Whenthefroghasgrownfromatadpoletoabackbonedanimalwithfourlimbs,breathingairbymeansoflungs,itisverylikecertainofthenextclassofbackbonedanimals--thereptiles.Thelargerreptileslivingonearthformanyyearagoweredinosaurs.Someofthesmalleronesgrewstretchesofskinbetweentheiroutspreadfingerstoformwings.Wedoknow,fromfessilized<化石的remains,thatthefirstbirdswereflyingreptileswithsharpteeth.Whatastrangeworlditmusthavebeenduringthesetimes!59.Theauthorbelievesthatanimalswithoutbackbones______.A.hadnobrainsotheydidnotsurvive B.weredifficulttoclassifyC.havebeenimportantcreatures D.areeasilyplacedinorderofarrival60.Fromthearticlewecanknow______. A.animalshadabackbonebutnobrain B.insectscamefromwormsanimalscamefrominsects D.thetimeorderofspeciesAccordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?Thefirstbirddevelopedfromaflyingfish.Thehorsebelongstotheamphibianfamily.Thehandofafroghasfourfingersandathumb.Alltheanimalshavegotbackbonesinsidetheirbody.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?HowBackbonedAnimalsEvolved B.HowtoClassifyAllLivingThingsC.TheLifeCycleofaFrog D.HowtheFirstBirdFlewUntil1964mostformsofgamblingwereillegalintheUnitedStates.Sincethen,however,moreandmorestaleshavelegalizedgamblinginordertoraiseincome.TheU.S.gamblingindustryhasgonefromanattitudeof"prohibition"tooneof"promotion",asallbutfivestateshavenowlegalizedgamblingasasolutiontotheirdepressedeconomies.MoststatesintheUnitedStatesnowdependonincomesfromstatelotteries<博彩andusethemforgoodcauses,suchasimprovingpubliceducation,maintainingslateparks,anddevelopingenvironmentalprograms.Stategovernmentsmaintainthatthevoluntarycontributionoffundsthroughstatelotteriesispreferabletoincreasestatesalesorincometaxes,andtheresidentsofstatesusingthelotterysystemtendtosupportthis.Thegamingindustryhasalsobenefitedsomeofthenation'spoorestcitizens:NativeAmericans.TheU.S.governmentruledin1988thatslatescouldnottaxtherevenuesearnedbygamblingonNativeAmericanreservations.Havingtakenadvantageofthisrulinganopencosmos<赌场ontheirreservations,manyNativeAmericansmovedfromalifeofpovertytoalifeofwealth.Althoughtherearemanyadvantagestolegalizedgambling,therehasalsobeenagooddealofcriticismofstate-supportedgambling.Asstatesincreasetheirsupportofstatelotteries,theyseemtoencouragecommercialgamblinginallitsforms.About50percentoftheU.S.populationplaysthelottery,accordingtoastudybytheUniversityofChicago.Thistrendhasledtoanincreaseinhabitualgambling.Morethan5millionAmericanssufferfromgamblingaddiction.Thosemostatriskofbecomingaddictedincludethepoor,youngpeoplebetweentwelveandeighteenyearsold,andwomenovertheageoffifty,whoarelookingforsomeentertainment.Asaresult,manyofthemwillendupinprisonorevenhomeless.Thepromiseofwinningbigfortunehascreatedbigproblems.Perhapsthemostimportantconcernisthemoralissueoflegalizedgambling.Thelotteryistheonlyformofgamblingthatisessentiallyagovernmentcontrol.Criticsaskwhethergamblingisaproperfunctionofgovernment.Shouldthegovernmentbethespokesmanfortheexpansionofgambling?Criticssaystateadvertisingoflottoemphasizesluckoverhardwork,instanthappinessovercarefulplanningandentertainmentoversavings.Thetraditionalworkethic<道德准则>isbeingdevaluedbythepipedreamofstrikingitrich,andthisissendingconfusingmessagestoyoungpeople.In1996,CongresscreatedacommissiontoconductalegalstudyofthesocialandeconomicimpactsofgamblingintheUnitedStates.Aftertwoyearsofstudy,theCommissionrecommendedanendtotheexpansionoflegalizedgamblingandabanonInternetgambling.Somefeelthiswillseverelyhurtthegamblingindustry.Othersfearthatitisnotenoughandareaskingthegovernmenttotakeatoughstandagainstgambling.Accordingtothepassage,weknowthat .anyformsofgamblingwerebannedbefore1964intheUSAtheeconomicalproblemsledtotheriseofgamblingindustryintheUSAallAmericanstaleshavelegalizedgamblingsince1964onlyfivestateshavenowlegalizedgamblingbecauseofthedepressedeconomiesWhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedinthepassage?Statelotterysystemhelpstoraisemoneytoimprovepeople'spublicwelfare. B.GamblingindustryhelpstochangetheAmericanwayoflife.C.GamblingindustryhelpstoimprovethelifeofsomepoorNativeAmericans.D.Statelotterysystemhelpstoincreasestatesalesorincometaxes.Whatistheauthormostconcernedabout?Theexpandingofthegamblingindustry.Thesufferingofthegambling-addictedpeople.Themoralproblemsbroughtaboutbythelegalizedgambling.ThedisadvantageofInternetgambling.66.InParagraph5,theword"pipedream"means .A.wonderfulidea B.creativeidea C.unworkableplan D.practicalplanSectionCDrectons:Readthepassagecarefully.Fillineachblankwithapropersentencegiveninthebox.WhenchildrentodayplayAngryBirds,theywon'twonderwhythebirdsaresoill-tempered.Hollywoodisactuallysuchapowerfeaturingitscreativity,imaginationandefficiencyingivingrisetoitsentertainmentproducts.WhenchildrentodayplayAngryBirds,theywon'twonderwhythebirdsaresoill-tempered.Hollywoodisactuallysuchapowerfeaturingitscreativity,imaginationandefficiencyingivingrisetoitsentertainmentproducts.Itledthewayforanumberofotherequallysilly,equallyaddictivegamestoinvadecellphoneseverywhere.Lego,byputtingforwardeducationsolutions,isnowstrivingtohelpkidstostanduptoaproblemandsolveit.Nevermindthatthesegamesmadeabsolutelynosensefromanarrativeviewpoint.Initseffortstofeedtheaudience’scuriosity,Hollywoodmayinfactbekillingit.Afewyearsago,aFinnishapptookthemobilegamingworldbystorm.Itsset-upwassimpleanditsideaillogical:AngryBirdswaslittlemorethanashootinggame,withbirdsinsteadofbulletsandgreenpigsinplaceoftargets.__________67ShortlyafterAngryBirdstookoff,audiencesfoundanewdistractioninFruitNinja,agamewheretheobjectwastochopfallingproduce.ThentherewasCandyCrush,whereplayerscouldsaveacandykingdombymatchinglike-coloredbonbons.________68Thatwastheircharm,afterall:Theywereknowinglyridiculousorillogical,anattackintomindlessamusement.IngameslikeAngryBirds,playersfoundanescapefromreality.Alltheyhadtodoisresignthemselvestothelogicofthegame,aworldofsimplecause-and-effect:Slingshotabird,killapig,scorepoints.Fastforwardto2016,andthere'snowanAngryBirdsmovie,heretofillyouinonallthedetailsyouneverwishedtoknow.Thebirdshavebeengivenpersonalities,motivesandback-stories,andsohavetheevilgreenpigs.Meanwhile,thegame'snonsensehadtobemadesenseofduetoanecessaryplotforamovie.Logicreplacedillogic.AngryBirdsisnotaloneinhavingitsgrayareassketchedinforthebigscreen.Hollywoodhasmadeanindustryofansweringthequestionsnooneeverthoughttoask;tothepointofevengivingabrandoftoyblocksitsownstoryin2014’sTheLegoMovie.Countlesssecondarycharactershavealsobeenpulledfromthesidelinesandgiventheirownopportunitiestoshowonthescreen.ThatincludestheforgetfulbluefishDoryfrom2003’sFindingNemo._________69Viewersnolongerhavetheluxuryofimaginingback-storiesfortheirfavoritecharacters,ordebatingtheopen-endedquestionsinafilm5ssourcematerials:Anendlessflowofprequels<前传>,sequels<续传andspin-offs〔衍生产品fillinthoseblanksforthem.________70They'llknow.Everythingwillbedeterminedforthem:Accordingtothemovie,themainbirdRedgetspickedonforhisbushyeyebrows,andthatleaveshimfeelingisolatedand,well,angry.Insomeways,Hollywoodhastakenontheroleoffanfictionwriters,byexpandingandexploringeverycornerofitsfictionaluniverses.Butwhentheseuniversesexpandtoowidely,whatwillbelefttoimagine?SummaryWritingDirections:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthema/npoint<s>ofthepassage/nnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.Arewebornwithapreferenceforcertainkindsoffaces?Orisitjustsomethingthatpeoplelearn,withoutrealizingit?Tofindout,psychologistJudithLangloisandherteamattheUniversityofTexasinAustinworkedwithyoungchildrenandbabies.Theresearchersshowedeachbabyphotosoftwofaces.Onefacewasmoreattractivethantheother.Thescientiststhenrecordedhowlongtheinfantslookedateachface.Babiesspentlongerviewingtheattractivefacesthantheunattractiveones.Thatmeanttheypreferredtheprettyfaces.Thesefindingssuggestthatpeoplepreferprettyfacesveryearlyinlife.However,it’sstillpossiblethatwelearnthatpreference.Afterall,Schein,whoworkedwithJudith,pointsout,"Bythetimewetestinfants,theyalreadyhaveexperiencewithfaces."Thatexperiencecanmakeadifference.ResearchconductedattheUniversityofDelawarefoundthatbabies’brainsarebetteratprocessingfacesfromtheirownrace.Soinfantsquicklycometopreferthesefaces,Scheinsays.It’swell-knowninpsychologythatfamiliarthingsaremoreattractive,saysCorenApicella.SheisapsychologistattheUniversityofPennsylvaniainPhiladelphia."Perhapsaveragefacesaremoreattractivebecausetheyseemmorefamiliar."Indeed,herresearchbacksthisup.ApicellaandLittleworkedwithtwogroupsofyoungadults:BritishandHadza.TheHadzaarehunter-gatherersinTanzania,ana