实验05：静态路由与默认路由

实验05：静态路由与默认路由一、 实验目的•掌握静态路由，默认路由配置要点•掌握链路备份配置要点二、 实验原理PC1上默认数据从R1E1/2——R3E1/2R1E1/2——R3E1/2出现故障时，从R1E1/0——R2E1/0走PC3上默认数据从R3E1/1——R2E1/1走R3E1/1——R2E1/1出现故障时，从R3E1/2——R1E1/2走三、 实验拓扑如图所示：

四、实验文档IPDATA-CCNA实验18.pkt1.打开实验文档"1.打开实验文档"IPDATA-CCNA实验18.pkt”，确保路由器已经正确运行。IIPIIP甑置DHCP□静态IP地址子网掩码192.168.1.225S.255.255.0首先配置网络终端地址。PC1的IP地址为192.168.1.2255.255.255.0，网关192.168.1.1。如下图所示网关/DNS动态断置□静态甑置网美192,168,1.1DNS月局务器同样的方法，将PC2的IP地址为192.168.2.2255.255.255.0，网关192.168.2.1；PC3的IP地址为192.168.3.2255.255.255.0，网关192.168.3.1。配置路由器地址段。首先配置R1。使用命令行输入如下：•修改路由器定义名称Router>enReutertEnterconfigurationccmmandsFoneperline.EndwithCNTL/Z-Routertccnfig)#haR1Ell(config)#R1(config)#•配置各个接口IP地址R1(config)#R1(config)#infO/OR1(config-if)#ipad192.1SS.1.12S5-25S.255.0(ccnfig-if)#eR1(config)#inel/OR1(config-if)#ipad210.10.0.12S5.2S5.255.0(ccnfig-if)#eR1(config)#inel/2R1(config-if)#ipad210.10.2.12S5.2S5.255.0(ccnfig-if)#eRltconfig)#•开启各个端口R1(ccnfig)#R1(config：!#inf0/0R1(ccnfig-if)#nosh%LINK-5-CHANGEDzInterfaceFastEtherne10/0Fchangedatatetoup%LINHPSOTO-5-UPDOWN:LinepratocalcnInterfaceFastEthernetO/OpchangedstatetDupR1(ccnfig-if)R1(config：!#inel/0R1(ccnzig-if)#nosh%LINK-5-CHANGED:InterfaceEthernetl/0FchangedstatetoupR1*config-if)#eR1(config)#inel/2R1(ccnfig-if)#nosh4LINK-5-CHANGED:InterfaceEthernetl/2rchangedstatetoupR1(config-if)R1tconfig)#同样方法，配置路由器R2和R3。也可使用软件的图形界面进行操作。•修改路由器名称全局设置中，主机名修改为R2：配置各个端口的IP地址，并将之开启各个端口IP地址配置无误，拓扑页面下，各个端口点呈现绿色，表示畅通。深入的查询，在命令行输入如下(showipinterfacebrief)

&l>snRl#shipinbrInterfaceIP-AddressOK?MethodStatusFrotocQlFastEthernetO/O192-168.1.1YESmanualupupFastEtheme10/1unassignsdYESmanualaduninistrative1ydowndownEthernetl/0210-10.0-1YESmanualupupEthernetl/lunassignsdYESmanualaduninistrative1ydowndownEthernetl/2210-10.2-1YESmanualupupEthernetl/3unassignedYESmanualadininistrative1ydowndownVlanlunassignsdYESmanualaduninistrative1ydowndown&1#ipinbrInterfaceIP-AddressOK?MethodStatusProtocolFastEthernet0/0192.1S8.2-1YESmanualupupFastEthernetO/lunassignedZZSmanualadministrative1ydo-™.downEthernetl/O210.10.0.2YESmanualupupEthernetl/l210.10.1.1ZZSmanualupupEthernetl/2unassignsdZZSmanualadministrative1ydotra.do'wnEthernetl/3unassigned.ZZSmanualadministrative1ydowndotm.VlanlunassignedZZSmanualadministrative1ydoimdcimR2#R3>enR3#shipinhrInterfaceIP-AddressOK?MethodStatusErotocolFastEthernetO/O192.16S.3.1YESmanualupupFastEthernetO/1unassignedTZSmanualadministrative1ydowndownEthernetl/OunassignedYESmanualaduninistrative1ydowndawn.Ethernetl/l210.10.1.2YESmanualupupEthernetl/2210.10.2.2YESmanualupupEthernetl/3unassignsdYESmanualadministrative1ydowndownVlanlunassignedYESmanualaduninistrative1ydowndctmas#也可使用鼠标悬停的方式:加VIiAN 加VIiAN 工P烂址MAC烂址FaatEthernetO/0Up-- 192.168.1.1/240060.2FS2.7B01FastEthernetO/1Down— 〈没有戏＞00S0.2FS2.7B02Ethernetl/0Up— 210-10-0-1/240030.A3S0.6301Ethernetl/lDown— V没有心*0030.A360.S302Ethernetl/2Up-- 210-10-2.1/240030.A350.6303Ethsrnetl/3Down— W有戏*0030.A360.£304VlanlDown1 V没有心*00D0.BA0A.A07A主机客二Ed.琴E物理城际，城市魏曰r公司外公空r主霎的工作搅,机柜设置路由转发表首先设置R1。有题目要求，默认数据从R1到R3；如果这条链路出现故障，走R1到R2。我们通过设置关键距离的方法来实现题目要求，关键距离越大，效果就会越差，数值在1-255之间。具体设置如下：Bl(ccnfig)#&1(config)#iproute0.0.0.00.0.0.0210.10.2.2R1(config)#iproute0.0.0.00.0.0.0210.10.0.250ELL(config)#其结果为：ElijahiprouteCedes:C-ccrmectsd,S-static,I-IGRPFB.-RIP,M-mobilePB-BGPD-EIGRPrEX-EIG&Pexternal,O-OSPF,IA-OSPFinterareaN1-OSPFNSSAexternaltype1pN2-OSPFNSSAexternaltypw2El-OSPFexternaltypm1pE2-OSPFexternaltypie2pE-EGPi-IS-ISPLI-IS-ISlevel-1,L2-IS-ISlevel-2ria-IS-ISinterarea*-candidatedefaultrU-per-userstaticroutero-ODR.P-pericdicdownloadedataticrouteGatewayoflastresortis210»10-2.2tonetwork0„0„0.0C 192-1S8„1-0/24isdirectlyconnectsd,FastEthernetO/0C 210„10-0„0/24iadirectlyc；c:nnectedpEthernetl/0C 210„10.2.0/24isdirectlyconnected,Ethernetl/2S*0.0.0.0/0[1/0]via210„10.2.2&1#同样的方法，我们设置R3的路由。默认数据从R3到R2；如果这条链路出现故障，走R3到R1。&3(ccnfig)#B3(config)#iproute0.0.0.00.0.0.0210.10.1.1R3(config)#iproute0.0.0.00.0.0.0210.10.2.150B3(config)#

as#El3#shiproutsCodes:C-connsctednS-static,I-IGREF8.-RIPrM-mobileFB-BGPD-EIGBPpEX-EIGRPexternal,O-OSPFrIA-OSPFinterareaN1一OSPFNSSAexternaltypie1pN2-OSPFNSSAexternalt^e2El-OSPFexternaltyp*5】『E2-OSPFexternaltypie2rE-EGPi-IS-ISPLI-IS-ISlevel-lFL2-IS-ISlevel-2ria-IS-ISinterarea*-candidatedefaultpU-per-userstaticroutero-OD&P-periodicdownloadedstaticrouteGatewayoflastresortis210-10.1-1tonetwork0.0.0.0C 192-1GS-3-0/24isdirectlyccrinected,FaatEthernet0/0C 210„10.1.0/24isdirectlyconnectedpEthernetl/1C 210„10-2-0/24isdirectlyconnectedFEthernetl/2S* 0.0.0.0/0[1/0]via210.10.1-1根据需要，我们设置R2的路由表。目的地址若为192.168.1.0,则下一跳为凶；目的地址若为182.168.3.0，则下一跳为R3。具体设置如下：R2(ccnfig)#R2(config)#iproute192.168-1.0255.255.255.0210-10.0.1R2(ccnfig)#iproute192.1S8.3.02S5.255-255.0210-10.1.2R2(config)#El2#shiprouteCodes:C-connected,.S-static,I-IGRPpR.-RIPpM-mchilepB-BGPD-EIGRPrEX-EIGRFexternal,O-OSFFfIA-OSFFinterareaMl-OSFFNSSASKternaltype1pN2-OSFFNSSAexternaltype2El-OSPFexternaltypm1pE2-OSPFexternaltypm2RE-EGPi-IS-ISFLI-IS-ISlevel-lpL2一IS-ISlevel-2ria-IS-ISinterarea*-candidatedefaultFU-per-userstaticroutero-ODRP-pericdicdcwnlcaded.staticrouteGatewayoflastresortisnotset1921921922101921921922102101S8-2„0/24isdirectlyc；c:nnect：edrFastEtheme10/01G8.3.0/24[1/0]via210.10.1.210.0„0/24isdirectlyconnectedrEthernetl/010.1„0/24isdirectlyconnectedrEthernetl/1也可使用软件的图形界面进行操作。选择“配置”中“路由功能”里的“静态路由”。检查网络连通情况用PC1去pingPC2PC>ping192.1S8-3-2Pinging192-IffB-3-2with32bytesofdata:Replytram192-16S.3.2:bytes=32time=lSmsTHj=125Replyfrom192-16S-3-2:bytes=32time=22insTTL=125Replyfrom192-1=SS-3-2:bytes=32time=14insTTL=125Replyfrom192-1GB.3.2:bytes=32time=14insTHj=125Pingstatiaticzafor192-1G8-3-2:Packets:Sent=4『Received=4rLost=0(Oiloss),Appr□kimateroundtriptimesinmilli-seconds:Minimun=14msFMajcimiun=22msrAverage=17msPing成功，使用tracert命令检查通过的路由PC>tracert192-16S-3-2Tracingrouteto192-16S.3_2overamaxiinmnof30hops:14ms3ms6ms192.1S8-1-111ms7ms11ms210.10.1-2313ms15ms15ms192.1S8-3.2Tracecouplets-如图所示，经过路由器R1和R3，属于最短的路径。下面我们人为的损坏这条路径，即关闭路由器R1的E1/2端口，再进行ping实验：PC>ping192.168.3.2Pinging192-168-3-2with32bytesofdata:Replyfrom192-1=S8-3-2:bytes=32time=33msTTL=125Replyfrom192-16B-3-2:bytes=32time=18msTTL=125Replyfrom192-1=S8-3-2:bytes=32time=13msTTL=125Replyfrom192-1=S8-3-2:bytes=32time=17insTTL=125Pingstatisticsfor192-1S8-3-2:Packets:Sent=4『Received=4rLost=0(0%loss)Approximateroundtriptimesinmi11i-seconds:Minimmn=13msFMajcimiun=33msFAverage=20msPOtracert192-16B.3.2Tracingrouteto19216S-3-2overamaximumof30hopsz17ms5ms5HIS192.1S8.1.1q11ms6ms7ms210.10.0.2313ms12ms12ms210.10.1_2413ms17ms18ms192.1S8-3-2Tracecouplete-如图所示，仍然可以ping通，但是观察路径发现多了一个R2。说明如果R1到R3直接连线故障时，间接仍可连接。符合题目要求。用PC3去pingPC2PC>ping192.1SS-2.2Pinging192-16S-2-2with32bytesofdata:Eleqiieattimedout-Reply 主e口m 132-1S8-2-2: bytes=32 time=15ms TH=12fiReply from 132-l=ff8-2-2: bytes=32 time=19ins TTL=126Reply from. 132-l&B_2.2: bytes=32 time=10in3 THj=126Pingstatisticsfor192„1€S-2-2:Packets:Sent=4rReceived=3rLost=1(25%loss),Appr□Kima.tee口und.triptimesinmilli-seconds:Minimum=lOinsrMajciinLim=19msfAverage=14ms如图，虽有1个包丢失，但后续包都可以快速接受，说明连接正常。使用tracert命令检查通过的路由。如图所示，经过路由器R3和R2，属于最短的路径。下面我们人为的损坏这条路径，即关闭路由器R3的E1/1端口，再进行ping实验：PC>ping192.1SS-2.2Pinging192-16S-2-2with32bytesofdata:attimedout-RmquEatt;imedout-Elequesttimedout-R.equeattimedout-Pingstatisticsfor192„l&S-2-2:Packets:Sent=4『Received=0rLost=