美国统一各州埃博拉防控措施

WASHINGTON—ThefederalgovernmentonMondayannouncedanewsetofmonitoringguidelinesforpeoplearrivingfromWestAfricathatstoppedshortofthetoughmeasuresinstitutedinNewYorkandNewJerseylastweek,anefforttobringuniformitytoamessypatchworkofresponsesbystates.华盛顿——周一，联邦政府针对来自西非的人员，公布了一套新的监控指导方针。此举旨在让各州的响应措施趋于统一，摆脱目前混乱无序的局面。但这些方针的严厉程度，不及纽约州和新泽西州上个星期出台的措施。Thenewpolicy,whichfederalhealthofficialssaidwasanefforttostrikeabalancebetweensafetyandcivilliberties,wouldrequirereturningheathcareworkers,orpeoplewhohadbeennearEbolapatients,tosubmittoanin-personcheckupandaphonecallfromalocalpublichealthauthority.联邦卫生官员称，新的政策是为了在安全和公民自由之间取得平衡。该政策将要求从西非回国的医护工作者或曾经接触埃博拉患者的人，接受当地公共卫生官员的亲自检查和电话调查。Thatislooserthanthestay-homequarantinepoliciesinNewYorkandNewJersey,andmanybelievedthatthelong-awaitedfederalresponsewouldbeunlikelytosatisfythegovernorsofthosestates,whobelievethegovernmentneedstobemoreproactiveinpreventingpotentialEbolapatientsfromspreadingthevirus.这种做法比纽约州和新泽西州采取的居家隔离政策更加宽松，许多人认为，这个期待已久的联邦响应措施，不太可能令这些州的州长满意。后者认为，政府需要更积极地防止潜在的埃博拉患者传播该病毒。Dr.ThomasFrieden,thedirectoroftheCentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention,whoannouncedthenewmeasures,said:Webelievedthesearebasedonscience.Theseaddastronglevelofprotection.宣布上述新措施的是美国疾病控制与预防中心（CentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention，简称CDC）主任托马斯·弗里登博士(ThomasFrieden)。他说：“我们相信这些措施是有科学依据的。它们能够形成一种强有力的保护。”ButtheC.D.C.doesnothaveregulatoryauthority,anditwillbeuptostatestoenforcethepolicy,andanumberofstateshavealreadyindicatedthattheybelievestrongermeasuresshouldbetaken,includingIllinoisandFlorida.但CDC没有监管权限，这些政策的执行取决于各州政府。有几个州已经表示，认为应该采取更有力的措施，其中包括伊利诺伊州和佛罗里达州。Approximately100peopleadayarrivetotheUnitedStatesfromSierraLeone,GuineaandLiberia,mostofthemAmericancitizensorpermanentresidents.About70percentofthepeoplearrivetosixstates–NewYork,Maryland,Pennsylvania,Georgia,NewJerseyandVirginia.Dr.Friedenarguedthathisagencywasindiscussionswithstates,butdidnotspecifywhichones.每天有大约100人从塞拉利昂、几内亚和利比里亚飞抵美国，他们多数是美国公民，或拥有永久居留权。约70%的人会抵达以下六个州：纽约州、马里兰州、宾夕法尼亚州、乔治亚州、新泽西州和弗吉尼亚州。弗里登称，CDC正在与各州政府进行相关讨论，但没有具体说明是哪些州。WefoundthathealthdepartmentsgenerallydofollowC.D.C.guidelines,hesaid.Iftheywishthemtobemorestringent,thatiswithintheirauthority.“我们发现卫生部门基本上没有遵守CDC的指导方针，”他说。“如果它们希望采取更加严格的措施，它们有权力这样做。”Gov.TerryMcAuliffeofVirginiasaidMondaythathisstatewouldbegintomonitortravelersarrivingfromGuinea,Liberia,andSierraLeoneforhavingsymptomsconsistentwiththeEbolavirus,andmightprohibitreturninghealthworkersfromtakingpublictransitorattendinglargegatheringsforthreeweeksaftertheirarrival.弗吉尼亚州长特里·麦考利夫(TerryMcAuliffe)周一表示，将开始对那些从几内亚、利比里亚和塞拉利昂抵达美国，并呈现埃博拉病毒症状的人员进行监控，而且还可能禁止回国的卫生工作者在抵达后的三周内乘坐公共交通工具或参加大规模聚会。HealthworkerswhocaredforEbolapatientsinWestAfricawillalsoberequiredtosignagreementsthatrestricttheiractivities,thestatesaid.Thosehealthworkerswhohadknownbreachesofprotectiveprotocolwillberequiredtostayathomefor21days—withthepossibilityofmandatoryquarantine,Mr.McAuliffesaidinastatement.该州表示，在西非护理过埃博拉患者的医护人员，也将被要求签署限制其活动的协议。麦考利夫在一份声明中称，那些“已知曾违反防护规程”的医护人员，将被要求在家里待21天，并可能被强制隔离。HealthcareworkerswhotreatedEbolapatientsinWestAfricawillbeevaluatedonacase-by-casebasisandmayberestrictedfrompublictransportation,massgatherings,andclinicalcare,thestatementsaid.AlltravelersarrivinginVirginiafromthethreeWestAfricannationswillbeaskedtotakeandrecordtheirtemperatureatleasttwiceeachday,withlocalhealthofficialscontactingthemdailyforthreeweekstocheckontheircondition.该声明称，在西非治疗过埃博拉患者的医务工作者将“逐个接受评估，并可能被限制乘坐公共交通工具、参加大型聚会、参与临床护理”。从前述三个西非国家抵达弗吉尼亚州的人员，将被要求每天至少测量并记录两次体温，并且当地的卫生官员将在三周的时间里每天与其联系，检查他们的情况。Evenifatravelerhastestednegativeforthevirus,butdevelopssymptomsthatsuggestEbolahasbeencontracted,Mr.McAuliffesaidthetravelermightbeaskedtoremainathomefor21daysundertheclosesupervisionofstatehealthofficials.麦考利夫称，如果有旅客出现的症状显示感染了埃博拉病毒，即使该人的病毒检测呈阴性，也可能会被要求在家里待21天，接受州卫生官员的密切监督。Inannouncingthenewpolicyforreturninghealthcareworkers,federalofficialsareseekingtostrikeadelicatebalancebetweengettingthemedicaldetailsrightandmakingsurethepubliciscomfortablewiththeapproachthegovernmentistaking.Thisisimportantbecause,shouldthevirusbegintospread,healthworkerswillneedthepublictotrustthemenoughtorevealinformation.联邦官员公布针对归国医务人员的新政策，意在取得一个微妙的平衡：一方面需要搞清楚医疗细节，另一方面又需要让公众能接受政府采取的措施。这一点颇为重要，因为一旦埃博拉病毒开始传播，卫生工作者需要赢得公众足够的信任，公众才会透露信息。Ifsomethingisgoingtoscaresomeone,anEbolaguyonthesubwayisaprettygoodway,saidHowardMarkel,aprofessorofthehistoryofmedicineattheUniversityofMichigan,AnnArbor.Youhavetobeconcernedwiththepublicramificationofyouractions.“如果说有什么东西会吓到人，地铁上出现埃博拉患者可是个很好的办法，”密歇根大学安娜堡分校(UniversityofMichigan,AnnArbor)医学史教授霍华德·马克尔(HowardMarkel)说。“你必须关心自己的行动对公众造成的后果。”Thedifferencesbetweenthefederalgovernmentandthegovernorshavealreadyeruptedintoapoliticaltestofwillsjustdaysbeforethemidtermelections.AdministrationofficialsovertheweekendharshlycriticizedthequarantineplansinNewYorkandNewJersey,sayingtheywenttoofarandcouldhavetheunintendedconsequenceofdiscouraginghealthcareworkersfromgoingtoWestAfrica.