泛读教程4-unit8-The-Holocaust知识分享

theholocaust

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冯选丽02郑舒017周婷019第一页，共42页。TheNaziholocaustisnationalcleaning(genocide)thataimedatkillallJewsinNaziGermanyinthesecondworldwar.Theholocaustinworldwaristhemostfamousholocaustinwhichmorethan6millionJewswerekilledbyvariousofwaysincludingshot,deliberatelyfreezing,deliberatelystarvetodeathandpoisongas,etc.Theword"Holocaust"isfromtheGreekandmeansusingfiresacrifice.第二页，共42页。TheHolocaust◆AdolfHitler

◆TheNaziParty

◆Kristallnacht

◆ThereasonoftheHolocaust◆TheprocessoftheHolocaust◆ThewaysoftheHolocaust◆NaziConcentrationcamp

◆TheinfluenceoftheHolocaust第三页，共42页。Photocredit:USHMMPhotoArchives

Photocredit:NationalArchives,

courtesyofUSHMMPhotoArchives

courtesyofUSHMMPhotoArchivesAdolfHitler第四页，共42页。AdolfHitler(1889-1945)wasthefounderandleaderoftheNaziPartyandthemostinfluentialvoiceintheorganization,implementationandexecutionoftheHolocaust,thesystematicextermination(根除(gēnchú)；灭绝）andethniccleansingofsixmillionEuropeanJewsandmillionsofothernon-aryans.（非雅利安人）In1933,hebecameChancellorofGermanyandthecountrybecameaone-partystate.HitlerwastheHeadofState,SupremeCommanderoftheArmedForcesandguidingspirit,orfuhrer,ofGermany'sThirdReichfrom1933to1945第五页，共42页。RiseoftheNaziPartycourtesyofUSHMMPhotoArchives

Hitler’sPromisesBetterlifeGermanygreat nationRacialpurityHitlerYouthParadeHitlerYouthmarchthroughNuremberg,GermanypastNaziofficials.第六页，共42页。Emblem（徽章(huīzhāng)）oftheNaziPartytheNaziPartyNaziParty：NationalSocialistGermanWorkers’Party

politicalpartyofthemassmovementknownasNationalSocialism.UndertheleadershipofAdolfHitler,thepartycametopowerinGermanyin1933andgovernedbytotalitarianmethodsuntil1945第七页，共42页。第八页，共42页。Photocredits:HauptstaatsarchivStuttgart,courtesyofUSHMMPhotoArchivesKristallnacht“TheNightOfBrokenGlass”第九页，共42页。Kristallnacht(1938)OnNovember9—10，1938,JewishminorHerschelGrünspanassassinatedNaziGermandiplomatErnstvomRathinParis.ThisincidentwasusedbytheNazisasapretexttogobeyondlegalrepressiontolarge-scalephysicalviolenceagainstJewishGermans.JewswereattackedandJewishpropertywasvandalized,over7,000Jewishshopsandmorethan1,200synagogues(roughlytwo-thirdsofthesynagoguesinareasunderGermancontrol)weredamagedordestroyed.Afterthesepogroms,JewishemigrationfromGermanyaccelerated,whilepublicJewishlifeinGermanyceasedtoexist.第十页，共42页。“YouhavenorighttoliveamongusasJews.”第十一页，共42页。ThereasonoftheHolocaust

ThereasonoftheHolocaustismainlytheracism.Hitlerisanextremeracistandananti-Semitic.HeregardedJewsastherootofallevilandtherootofalldisastersandthedestroyerofhumanlifeorder.TheNaziPartythinktheGermannationisthemostexcellentpeople,sotheymadeanti-Semitismamajorplank

ofitspoliticalplatform.第十二页，共42页。TheprocessoftheHolocaustTheNazionslaught(攻击(gōngjī))ontheJewscanbedividedintotwomainphases:Ⅰ.FromHitler’saccessiontopowerin1933untilabout1941.InthisphasestheaimistomakeGermanyfreeofJews.Ⅱ.From1941totheendofwarin1945.ThisphaseoftheNazionslaughtontheJewswasevenmoreextreme,andincludethenotorious(臭名昭著的)“FinalSolution”.第十三页，共42页。ThewaysoftheHolocaustThegenocideoftheJewswasaffectedintwomainways.First,specialmobileunitsfollowedtheadvancingGermanarmiesandshotalltheJewstheycouldfind.Second,Jewswereherdedintocampswheretheywereeitherworkedtodeath,starvedorgassed.第十四页，共42页。第十五页，共42页。NaziConcentrationcampBergen-Belsen(贝尔艮-贝尔森集中营)Sachsenhausen(萨克森豪森集中营)Dachau(达豪集中营)Auschwitz(奥斯维辛集中营)第十六页，共42页。Auschwitz(奥斯维辛集中营)奥斯威辛集中营是纳粹德国在二战期间修建的最大的集中营，始建于１９４０年４月，是距波兰首都华沙３００多公里的奥斯威辛市附近大小４０多个集中营的总称。德国纳粹在这里监禁过数百万人，并屠杀了其中(qízhōng)的１１０多万人，受害者绝大部分是犹太人。１９４５年１月２７日，苏联红军解放了奥斯威辛集中营，７０００名幸存者获得了新生。第十七页，共42页。Bergen-Belsen(贝尔艮-贝尔森集中营)贝尔根·贝尔森集中营（Bergen-Belsen），又称贝尔森。纳粹德国集中营，在距汉诺威州采勒（当时属普鲁士）西北16千米处的贝尔根和贝尔森两村附近(fùjìn)。1943年7月建立，部分为战俘营，部分为犹太人转运营。设计容量为1万人，但在第二次世界大战结束时，关押达4．1万人。这个集中营虽然没有毒气室，但死于饥饿、疾病、过度劳累以及肮脏的生活环境者达3．7万人之多。纳粹用推土机将尸体推人万人坑掩埋。第十八页，共42页。AwagonpiledhighwithcorpsesoutsidethecrematoriumintheliberatedBuchenwaldconcentrationcamp(April1945)第十九页，共42页。FamilybeingforcedintoGhettos(犹太人区）第二十页，共42页。Peoplebeing“resettled”toConcentrationCamps第二十一页，共42页。Prisonersarrivingatthecamps…第二十二页，共42页。TheinfluenceoftheHolocaustTheNazismurderedaroundsixmillionJews,totallydestroyingthegreatJewishcommunitiesofGermanyandofcentralandeasternEurope.ThecenterofJewishculturemovedfromEuropetoIsraelandtheUSA.Thus,theHolocaustwasapivotal(关键(guānjiàn)的）elementoftwentieth-centuryJewishhistoryandhaveaprofoundimpactonJewishlifeandthought.第二十三页，共42页。EntrancetoAuschwitz“Workwillsetyoufree”第二十四页，共42页。第二十五页，共42页。CrowdedConditions第二十六页，共42页。第二十七页，共42页。Photocredit:GermanNationalArchives

第二十八页，共42页。Eventheveryyoung…第二十九页，共42页。ResistanceRighteousAmongtheNationsOskarSchindlerRaoulWallenbergVarianFryWallenbergSchindlerFry第三十页，共42页。GroupportraitofaresistanceunitResistanceFighters第三十一页，共42页。LiberatedRussianchildrencheer/Dachau第三十二页，共42页。KindertransportLocalSurvivor第