Unit1ArtDiscoverUsefulStructures不定式作表语导学案-高二英语人教版选择性必修第三册

Unit1Art不定式作表语（Infinitivesasthepredicative）一、动词不定式的形式动词不定式有一般式、进行式和完成式三种时态；有主动和被动两种语态。否定式将“not”放在不定式符号“to”之前。动词不定式的基本形式有：主动形式被动形式一般式todotobedone进行式tobedoing—完成式tohavedonetohavebeendone完成进行式tohavebeendoing—⑴不定式的一般式表示的动作或状态通常发生在谓语动作之后或同时发生。（全国卷hadmanydreamssinceIwasachild.Nowmydreamistoopenacafe.Allhewantedwastobeleftalone.⑵不定式的进行式表示其动作正在进行，且与谓语动词发生的动作同时进行。（全国卷I）TheeffortsmadebytheTanzaniaNationalParkAuthorityseemtobepayingoff.⑶不定式的完成式表示的动作或状态通常发生在谓语动词之前；不定式的完成进行式表动作从过去发生一直持续到现在。TheyseemtohavecleanedthehouseHeseemedtohavebeenlisteningtotheteacher.二、不定式作表语1.当句子的主语是不定式时，系动词后可接不定式作表语，用于解释主语所描述的行为，或说明该行为带来的结果。*Tobekindtotheenemyistobecrueltothepeople.*Todothatwouldbetocutthefoottofittheshoe..主语是以way,aim,duty,hope,dream,idea,intention,purpose,mistake,plan,proposal,job,suggestion,task等抽象名词为中心词的名词词组，或者是以what引导的名词性从句，后面的不定式说明其内容。（天津卷）Oncwaytobeginistoansweryourownexcuses.Thegreathappinessistoservethepeople.WhatIwouldsuggestistostartworkatonce.【名师点津】动名词和不定式在句中作表语的区别（1）一般情况下，区别不大，可通用。"Seeingisbelieving.=Toseeistobelieve.（2）当动词所表达的是某一特定的行为，尤其是将来的行为或有待于实现的行为时，通常用动词不定式（短语）作表语。Herbestwishistoputhernewideasintopractice.若动词所表达的并不强调动作，而是表示主语的内容，则通常用动名词（短语）作表语。Myfavoritesportisswimming.WhatIhatemostisbeinglaughedat..当主语包含定语从句且先行词为代词all或形容词最高级形式theleast,themost时，其后可接“系动词+不定式”作句子的表语。TheleastIcanexpectistohavethisdayalltomyself.Allhewantedwastobeleftalone..在某些句型中，当主语部分有动作动词do及其不同形式时，作表语的不定式可以省略符号“t。”。*AHwehavetodoispushthebutton.我们所能做的就是按下按钮。*TheonlythingIcandoisacpanyyoutotheendoftheworld.5.疑问词+不定式结构作表语疑问词who,what,which,when,where,how,why后加动词不定式构成不定式短语,它在句中可作主语、宾语和表语。*Theproblemwashowtogetridofthewastethrownbythepassengers.*Perhapsthemostdifficultchallengeishowtosurvivewithoutfriends.6.有些作表语的不定式，在结构上是主动的，但在意义上却是被动的。*Sheistoblame.*Thehouseistolet.【名师点津】“be+动词不定式”结构可以表示多种不同的语义。⑴表示“计划”或“安排”。*SwedenistocloseallhighschoolsanduniversitiesfromWednesday.(2)表示“命令”。一般译为“必须”或“不准为*Thisnaughtyboyistostayhereuntilclassisover.(3)表示“应该*Youhavedonesowell.Youaretoberewarded.⑷表示“不可避免”或“注定发生”，意为“必定”。*Yourplanistobeafailure.L单句语法填空.Heseems(thinkabout)thatquestionrightnow..Mydrcamis(admit)toakeyuniversityandmakecontributionstooursocietyinthefuture..Thegoalofeducationis(develop)afinepersonalityinchildren..Pleaseremain(seat)untiltheplanehasetoaplelestop..Whatyouneedtodois(treat)yourbodybetterandlivemorehealthilythanbefore..(北京高考)Thebestwaytobuildagreatteamis(gather)agroupofthemosttalcntcdindividuals..Youmustbepatientandpersistentifyou(succeed)..Allhewanted(siton)thegrassanddrinksomewater.II完成句子.(全国HI卷)当我13岁的时候,我唯一的目标是成为我们足球队的明星。WhenIwas13,myonlypurposewas..教师的职责是教给孩子们知识，这些知识对他们以后的学习和生活都有帮助。Ateachersresponsibilityisthatwillhelpthemfortheirlaterschoolcareerandlife..鼓励孩子爱书最有效的方法就是大声朗读给他听，而且越早开始结果越好。Themosteffectivewaytoencourageyourchildtolovebooksandtheearlieryoustart,thebettertheresultwillbe..别担心，你需要做的就是好好睡上一觉。Doniworry.Whatyouneedtodo..每天早晨我所做的第一件事就是进行锻炼。ThefirstthingIdoeverymorningL.他想做的最有意义的事情就是帮助穷人。Themostmeaningfulthinghewantstodo..Thequestionis(如何将计划付诸实践)..托尼最喜欢把精力投入到医学研究上。WhatTonyenjoysmostis..她的爱好之一是集邮。Oneofherhobbies..我认为就是你弟弟对这次事故负有责任。Ithinkitisyourbrotherwho.nr用动词不定式做表语改写句子.Ifyoureallywanttolearndriving,goingtoadrivingschoolmightbethebestchoice,(myadviceis...)--Ifyouwanttolearndriving,myadviceistogotoadrivingschool..Heboughtthepulerjustbecausehewouldratherworkathomethangototheoffice(Thereasonthat...)Doingdeepbreathingexercisesfortenminutescanmakeyoufeelmorerelaxed(Agoodwaytorelaxis....)ThisyearIhopeIcanachievemygoalofperformingaflutesolo(独奏)attheschools,artfestival(Mygoalthisyearis...)Totellyouthetruth,ItakeyogaclassessimplybecauseIwanttostayinshape.(...,mypurpose...)Withhiscarstuckinthesnow,hecoulddonothingbutwaitforhelptoarrive.(...,allhecoulddowas...)IV用所给词的正确形式填空StarPrimarySchoolsartstudio,Room26,isopentoanychildatplaytime,lunchtime,orafterschool.OnFridays,ifthechildrenhavepletedalltheirschoolwork,theycanspendtherestofdaythcrc.ArtistBobSmithandhisassistantJoanGrantGibbarctheonlyadults(work)there.Theyarethechildren'semployees.Room26isanindependentbusinessseparatefromtheschool,andhasamitteeofmembersallundertheageof12.Forthemittee,theyneedtothinkofsomeways(make)endsmeet.Theytakeandsellschoolphotographs.Theyalsomakecards(sell).Anotherwayofmanagingtheirfinancesis(raise)morefunds.Thustheycanpayforartmaterialsandemployprofessionalartists.Inste