必修二Unit4Exploringliterature(讲)知识精讲-2023年高考英语一轮复习讲练测(译林牛津2020)(学案)

必修二Unit4Exploringliterature

核心词汇精讲核心词汇-Ldevote(P43)【知识要点】①devotev.致力于，献身—devotionn.奉献，投入一devotedadj.忠诚的；献身的②相关短语：devoteoneselfto…献身于，致力于bedevotedto…奉献于,专心于，忠诚于devote…to…把贡献给，致力于，把用于类似devote…to(介词)…的短语：adapt…to…使适应,使配合adjust…to…调节以适应addict…to…使对上瘾，使沉迷于apply...to…把应用于prefer..」。...喜欢月生过attach...to...JE附在上Teachersattachgreatimportancetoimprovingstudents'abilitytoadapt/adjusttothenewenvironment.老师们非常重视提升学生的适应新环境的能力。Theproblemisthatanumberofmiddleschoolstudentsareincreasinglyaddictedtocellphones.问题是，许多中学生越来越沉迷于手机。Nowlotsofnewtechnologiescanbeappliedtosolvingproblemsinindustry.现在许多新技术可以应用于解决工业上的问题。ItwasthefirsttimethatIhadpreferredstayingathometoseeingafilm.这是我第一次宁愿呆在家里而不愿去看电影。【即时巩固】用该词条恰当的形式填空或填上恰当的词①Theoldteacherwasadmiredforhistotheeducationalcause.②Mr.Wangisafamilymanandhealwaysgoeshomedirectlyafterwork.(3)IfIamchosen,Iwilltobeingaqualifiedvolunteer.④Withmyenergyrevision,Ihavenotimetochatwithmyfriendsonline.⑤Heallhisfreetimereadingliterature.核心词汇-2.appeal(P44)【知识要点】—No,we(do)it,butwespenttoomuchtimeshopping.②Myumbrellaisgone.Who(take)itbymistake?(3)Mary(notreceive)myletter,otherwiseshewouldhavegonetotheconcert.④Whyareyoureyessored?You(notsleep)welllastnight.⑤Hadtheyknownwhatwascomingnext,they(have)secondthoughts.⑥Thereareseveraltheoriesaboutwhydinosaurssuddenlydiedout,oneofwhichsaystheirdisappearance(cause)bytheclimatechange.©Someone(leave)thetapon,forthewaterwasrunningoverandfloodingthebathroom.⑧一Sorry,Iamlate.一Why,you(come)tothecompanytoday.ItisSunday.⑨一Sorry,Mum!Ifailedthejobinterviewagain.一Oh,it'stoobad.You(make)fullpreparations.4.too...to…句型【原句呈现】Hismouthwastoodrytospeakbuthecouldnotreachforthewaternow.(P53Lines21-22)他的嘴干得说不出话来，但他现在不能伸手去拿水喝。【知识要点】①“too+形容词/副词+动词不定式”结构简称为“too…to”结构。这种结构是英语中常用的一种句型，在大多数情况下表示否定意义，在翻译时，通常可译为“太……而不能……”、"太……无法……②变式：▲too+adj./adv.+for…todo：在此结构中加上一个for…，以表示动词不定式的逻辑主语。Atoo+adj.+a(an)+n.+todo.注意：与so…that..和such...that…句型的转换(查看下列完成句子①④)③“too…to"不表示否定意义的情况：too…to结构之前带有but,only,just,simply,all,never,not时,是强调肯定的表示法，译作“非常……、十分……、实在……、真是太……”等；"too…to”结构中带有表示某种心情或描绘性的形容词或副词，如ready,eager,satisfied,kind,willing,easy,anxious等加动词不定式结合成一个不可分割的状态、态度、倾向或心情等。【完成句子】①这么多人注视着她，她紧张得说不出话来。Shewithsomanyeyesfixedonher.②(如果)没有大气保存太阳部分的热量，地球的晚上也会刺骨的寒冷，冷得让我们无法生存。Withouttheairtoholdsomeofthesun'sheat,theearthatnightwouldbefreezingcold,live.③急于求成，往往事与愿违。Beinghelpaneventdevelopoftenresultsintheourintention.④看到那块大石头了吗?事实上，这是一块大石头，没人能搬得动。Seethatbigstone?Actually,it's.①appealvi.有吸引力；申诉；呼吁n.吸引力；申诉；呼吁一appealingadj.有吸引力的，有感染力的，令人感兴趣的②相关短语appealagainst上诉appealto上诉到，诉诸appealtosb.对某人有/产生吸引力，受到某人的喜欢appealtosb.forsth.=makeone/anappealtosb.forsth呼吁/恳求某人某事appealtosb.todosth.=makeone/anappealtosb.todosth,呼吁/恳求某人做某事appealfor对有吸引力(appeal为名词)【即时巩固】用该词条恰当的形式填空或填上恰当的词①Thebeautifulvillagesurroundedbymanymountainsissothatittotouristsfromalloverthecountry.②Weadvocatesolvinginternationaldisputebynegotiation,insteadofappealingarms.③Ourschoolappealsthestudentssetasideanhoureverydaytotakeexercise.④Thefilmhasgreatappealyoungaudiences.⑤SunYangsaidhewouldappealtheCASdecision,which,tothepublic'ssurprise,bannedhimfromcompetitionforeightyears.完成句子①他决不会向他们乞求怜悯。Hewillnever.②煎饼是中国最最吸引人的小吃之一，几乎吸引了每一个美国人。Jianbing,oneofthemostsnacksinChina,almosteveryoneinAmerica.③越来越多的人喜欢住在农村，农村对人们的吸引力在于安静和慢节奏的生活。Moreandmorepeopleprefertoliveinthecountryside,liesinthequietandslow-pacedlife.核心词汇-3.determine(P44)【知识要点】①determinevt.确定；决定，支配vi.决心一determinedadj.意志坚定的，下定决心的一determinationn.决心、；决定②相关短语determinetodosth.决定做某事determineon/upondoingsht.决定做某事determinesb.againststh.使某人决定不做某事determinesb.todosth.使某人下决心做某事bedeterminedtodosth.下定决心做某事(表示状态)【即时巩固】用该词条恰当的形式填空或填上恰当的词①tocompletethejobontime,theysetouttoworkimmediately.②Hisgreatdiscoverylayinhisanddevotiontoscience.③Thereisalookonherface.④Hisadvicedeterminedmedrinkingandsmokingagain.Hisadvicedeterminedmedrinkandsmokenomore.⑤Theydeterminedstartingearly.完成句子①简决心过一种充实的生活，不管未来如何。Janeafulfillingliferegardlessofwhatthefutureholds.②我决心在英语上取得进步，比以往任何时候都更加努力。tomakeprogressinEnglish,Iworkharderthanever.ItomakeprogressinEnglish,soIworkharderthanever.核心词汇-4.significant(P44)【知识要点】①significantadj,有重要意义的；显著的(副词：+ly)一significancen.意义；重要性②相关短语beofgreatsignificance=beverysignfcant非常重要；有重大意义的【即时巩固】用该词条恰当的形式填空或填上恰当的词①Thenewdrughasgreatforthetreatmentofthedisease.②Therearenodifferencesbetweenthetwogroupsofstudents.③Thetwosetsoffiguresarenotdifferent.完成句子①合作或团队合作对足球比赛具有重要意义。Cooperationorteamworkinplayingfootballgames.②对于毕业生来说，找到一份合适的工作是非常重耍的。tofindaproperjob.核心词汇-5.sensitive(P45)【知识要点】①sensitiveadj.感觉敏锐的；体贴的；敏感的；灵敏的一sensen.感觉，意识—>sensibleadj.有感觉的，明智的一senselessadj.无意义的，无目的的，失去知觉，不明智的，愚蠢的—>sensitivityn.敏感②相关短语和句型besensitiveabout介/在意，在乎besensitiveto对敏感makesense有意义,有道理，讲得通（否定式：notmakeanysense=makenosense）makesenseof理解，弄懂，弄清的意思sensethat从句…意识到ina/somesense从某种意义上说【即时巩固】用该词条恰当的形式填空或填上恰当的词①Thepeopleinthevillagewereforthemostparttobeingpooratthattime.②一Whatdoyouthinkofhersuggestion?一Actuallyitwouldbemuchmoretotalkaboutitlater.（3）Youmightgetbehindifyouspendtoomuchtimedebatingissues.④Suchistheoftheinformationthatonlytwopeopleareallowedtoknowit.⑤Heisequippedwithadeepsenseofjusticeandresponsibility.⑥一CanyoureallymakesensewhatImean,Cathy?一I'msorry.Yourmeaningdidn'treallygetacross.⑦Itdoesn'tmakesense（=Itmakessense）tobuythecheapestcomputerjusttosaveafewdollars.⑧Youngpeopleareverytheirappearance.⑨somesense,yearsofeconomicrecessionremainedanevilthattouchedthewholenationaleconomy.⑩SheprobablyIwasn'ttellingherthewholestory.核心词汇-6.reflect（P45）【知识要点】①reflectvt.&vi.反映，显示；映出（影像）；反射（声、光、热等）；沉思一reflectionn.反映；思考；（声、光、热等的）反射；映像—reflectiveadj.反映的，反射的，沉思的②相关短语reflecton/upon考虑，反思,反省，思考，仔细考虑reflectwell/badlyon对有好的/坏的看法belostinreflection陷入沉思bereflectedin映出,倒映在upon/onreflection经再三考虑，经深思熟虑【即时巩固】用该词条恰当的形式填空或填上恰当的词①Wearclotheswithmaterialsoyouarevisibletodrivers.(DSittinginhiswickerchair,hegazedatthefire③Whenheisalone,heisoften.④Thelakeiscalmandclear,andanoldtowerthewater.⑤,hedecidedtoswitchovertoanothertopic.©Havingreadthearticleaboutambition,Istartedtoreflectmyownlife.完成句子①他沉迷于反思的原因是他在思考这个问题，这个问题反映在清单上。Thereasonwhyheislostinisthathe,whichinthelist.②重要的不是故事本身，而是故事中所反映的东西。Itisnotthestoryitselfbutinthestorythatcounts.③面对失败，我们需要做的是冷静下来，反思我们的学习方法或向老师请教。Inthefaceoffailure,whatweneedtodoiscalmdownandorasktheteachersforadvice.核心词汇-7.capable(P45)【知识要点】①capableadj.有能力，有才能；能力强的一capabilityn.能力，才能，性能，容量一incapableadj.无能力的参看必修二Unit1中的enable词条的词形变化②相关短语(be)capableofsth./doingsth.有能力做某事havethecapabilitytodosth.有自日)J做某事【即时巩固】用该词条恰当的形式填空或填上恰当的词①Heisastudentsolvingdifficultmathproblems.②Theyhavetocompletethetaskinaweek.③Ifpeoplekeeptellingyouyou're,youbegintoloseconfidenceinyourself.核心词汇-8.particular(P48)【知识要点】①particularadj,特别的,格外的；特指的；挑剔的—►particularlyadv.尤其，特别②相关短语beparticularabout/over对挑剔/讲究inparticular特别,尤其【即时巩固】用该词条恰当的形式填空或填上恰当的词①Therestaurantispopularwithyoungpeople.②Thegirlisveryparticularherclothes.③Asguests,weshouldpayattentiontoourbehaviour,tablemanners.核心词汇-9.destroy(P53)【知识要点】①destroyvt.摧毁，毁灭，破坏-^destructionn.毁灭，破坏一destructiveadj.毁灭性的，破坏性的一destroyern.破坏者，毁灭者；驱逐舰②相关短语becompletely/totallydestroyed被彻底摧毁destroyone'slife/faith/hope/confidence毁掉(摧毁)某人的生活/信仰/希望/信心③destroy,damage,hurt,ruin等词的区别destroy指彻底的摧毁、毁坏、毁灭，它也可用于摧毁、毁坏、毁灭抽象的东西，如名誉、计划等；damage是程度较小的“破坏”“损坏”，一般指被破坏的物品可以修复；可作名词。hurt指精神上，感情上或肉体上的“创伤，伤害，受伤”。肉体上的“疼”；ruin指经过长时间的侵蚀而毁坏，通常暗指无可挽回的伤害，但并不一定指完全毁灭。可作名词。Theyhavedestroyedalltheevidence.他们销毁了一切证据。Ourcampingtripwasruinedbytheheavyrainbroughtbythetyphoonthatmercilesslydestroyedseveralcoastalcitiesandlefttensofthousandsofpeoplehomeless.我们的野营之旅被台风带来的大雨破坏，这场台风使得几个沿海城市陷入瘫痪，成千上万的人无家可归。Severalvehiclesweredamagedinthecrash.好几辆汽车在撞车事故中损毁了。Theattackhascausedseveredamagetoenemy'smilitaryforces.这次袭击给敌人的军事力量造成了严重的损失。—Thecouple'squarrelingandfightinglastFridayhurteachother.—Ithinkso.Nancywashurtinthearmandsheblamedthatherarmwashurtingthewholeweek.“这对夫妻上星期五的吵闹伤害了对方的感情。”“我也觉得。Nancy的胳膊受伤了，她抱怨说她的胳膊疼了整整一个星期。”Ifshelosesthecourtcaseitwillruinher.如果败诉，她就完了。Infifteensecondsalargecitylayinruins.十五秒钟之内，一座大城市就沦为了废墟。【即时巩固】用该词条恰当的形式填空或填上恰当的词①Withtheirhabitats,manyanimalshavegoneextinct.②Theearthquakeruinedthecity,makinghundredsofthousandsofpeoplehomeless.③Ifnotdealtwithproperly,thepandemicofCOVID-19willcauseserioustotheinternationalcity.©Sugaristheofhealthyteeth.完成句子①大楼被大火完全摧毁了。Thebuildingbyfire.②我要告诉你，怀疑会摧毁你的信心，使你一事无成。I'mtellingyouthatdoubtwillandmakeyouaccomplishnothing.核心词汇-10.attempt(P53)【知识要点】①attemptvt.&n.努力，尝试，试图一attemptedadj.企图的，未遂的②相关短语attempttodosth.=makeattempts/anattempttodosth.=makeattempts/anattemptatdoingsth,试图做某事atthefirstattempt首次尝试inanattempttodosth.为了做某事③attempttodosth.和try/seektodosthL样，强调的是努力做某事的过程，不一定成功；而managetodosth.则表示“设法做成某事”，强调结果。managetodosth.相当于succeedindoingsth.。【即时巩固】用该词条恰当的形式填空或填上恰当的词①Themanisbeingquestionedinrelationtothemurderlastnight.②Theyclosedtheroadanattempttoreducetrafficinthecity.©BecauseoftheRussiangaslimittoEurope,arebeingmadetousebotanicalfuelasasourceofpower.④Notmanypeoplecananswerthisquestionthefirstattempt.⑤Hedidn9tliketheplanatfirst,butwetobringhimround.⑥Theboytogocampingbyhimselfbutwasstoppedbyhisparents.核心词汇-11.confused(P54)【知识要点】①confusedadj.糊涂的，迷惑的；不清楚的，混乱的-^confusingadj.令人困惑的一confusevt.使困惑(迷惑不解)一confusionn.困惑，混淆②相关短语confusesb.withsth.某物/某事使某人困惑，某物/某事把某人弄糊涂confuse..Mth/and…把和混淆/混为一谈be/getconfusedwith/about对感到困惑【即时巩固】用该词条恰当的形式填空或填上恰当的词①Fromhislook,Iknowheisthequestion.②Theannouncementonlysucceededincreating.(3)Youmeyourquestions.④Becarefulnottoquantityquality.经典句型研读l.not...but…结构【原句呈现】Whatamazedthechildwasnotanewworld,buttheunnoticedmusicoftheold.(P44Lines5-6)让孩子为之惊奇的其实不是一个新世界，而是旧世界那被人忽视的乐音。【知识要点】not…but…”不是……而是……”，用来连接两个并列成分。该结构连接的并列成分作主语时,谓语应与but后的成分在人称和数上保持一致。【完成句子】①真正的强者，不是没有眼泪的人，而是含着眼泪奔跑的人。Realstrongmenare,.②不是约翰和汤姆而是他们的妹妹玛丽对钢琴课很感兴趣。greatinterestinthepianolessons.③对你要紧的是实践经验而不是书本知识。Whatreallymatterstoyouis.2.what引导的名词从句［原句呈现】Itsattractionliesmoreinwhatitawakensinusthanwhatitsays.(P45Lines21-22)文学的魅力更多在于它唤起了我们什么，而不在于它说了什么。【知识要点】what引导名词性从句时，有比较灵活的意思，可视上下文把what理解为：the+名词+that…定语从句，通常翻译成：……的，在汉语中也叫“的”字结构。①what相当于thethingthat/anythingthat...②what相当于theplacethat...③what相当于thetimethat...④what相当于thepersonthat...⑤what相当于thespeedthat...⑥what相当于theamount/numberthat...⑦Aisto