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Unit4Animals一、单词——eq\a\vs4\al(在语境中默写,在联想中积累)写得准用得活(用所给词的适当形式填空)1.measurevi./vt.计量;估计;判断2.decreasevi.减少,减小3.reservevt.储藏,保存;预约4.conductvt.实施,处理5.delivervi./vt.运送,分送,传递6.providevt.提供;准备7.adoptvi./vt.收养;采取,采纳8.respectableadj.高尚的,值得尊敬的9.responsibilityn.责任,职责10.constantadj.经常的,不断发生的→constantlyadv.不变地,经常地11.curiousadj.好奇的,求知的→curiouslyadv.好奇地→curiosityn.好奇心;求知欲12.patientadj.耐心的n.病人→patientlyadv.有耐性地,有毅力地→patiencen.耐心,毅力13.determinevi./vt.决定,使下定决心→determinedadj.坚决的,果断的,有决心的→determinationn.决心,果断;坚决14.entertainvi./vt.使欢乐,使娱乐;款待→entertainingadj.有趣的,愉快的→entertainmentn.娱乐活动;娱乐;招待,款待15.amusevt.给……提供娱乐,消遣;使发笑→amusingadj.好笑的,有趣的→amusementn.娱乐,消遣,乐趣16.insurancen.保险;保险费→insurevt.给……保险;确保1.Wattwasalwayscuriousaboutscienceandhewouldaskhisgrandmamanyquestionscuriously.Itwashiscuriositythatledhimtoagreatsuccess.(curious)2.Fromthedeterminedexpressiononhisface,weknewthathewasdeterminedtotakeupthejob,whichneededgreatpatienceanddetermination.(determine)3.He'sagooddoctor.Healwayshaspatiencewithhispatients.Hetreatsthempatiently.(patient)4.Thechildreninthemountainvillagehavenoentertainment,_sotheirteachersoftentellentertainingstoriestoentertainthemafterclass.(entertain)5.Toinsurethatyougotothetriprelaxed,werecommendthatyoutakeouttravelinsuranceonallholidays.(insure)6.Intheamusementpark,themonkey'samusingmovementmadeeverybodypresentamused.(amuse)⇩eq\a\vs4\al(积得多平时多积累,考场出华章)1.“保持(存)〞词汇一览①reserve保存②preserve保护③conserve保存④keep保持⑤hold持有⑥remain保持⑦maintain维持2.“频率〞降下来①alwaysadv.总是②usuallyadv.通常③constantly=oftenadv.经常地④sometimesadv.有时⑤seldom=rarelyadv.偶尔⑥neveradv.从不3.“增加〞与“减少〞词聚集锦①增加:rise,increase,goup②减少:decrease,fall,drop,decline,godown4.de­开头动词大观园①depress使沮丧②decline下降,减少③delight使(某人)快乐④debate辩论,争论⑤decrease减少,减小⑥determine决心⑦declare宣布,宣告⑧defend保卫,防御

二、短语——eq\a\vs4\al(在应用中记牢,在归纳中记多)写得准用得活(选用左栏短语填空)1.not_only_..._but_(also)_...不但……而且……2.be_determined_to决定做……3.be_sure_of确信4.be_grateful_to感谢……5.lead_..._to通往……;引向……6.due_to由于7.show_off炫耀8.become_interested_in对……产生兴趣9.used_to(过去)常常做……10.get_close_to接近11.set_up建立,建造12.bring_about导致,引起13.treat_..._as把……当成14.at_least至少15.after_all毕竟,总归1.Thegirlused_tobeshy,butisgraduallygettingactiveingroupworkandismorewillingtoexpressherself.(2023·湖北高考多项选择)2.Youshouldn'tblamehimtoomuch.After_all,_heisjustakid.3.Heis_determined_togetaheadofothersinstudies,soheworksdayandnight.4.Thefindingsfurthersuggestthatstressmaybring_aboutadoubleeffect.5.I'mmakingafoolofmyselftryingtoshow_offbeforeanexpertlikeyou.6.Theyhaveset_upanorganizationtohelphomelesschildreninthecity.⇩eq\a\vs4\al(积得多平时多积累,考场出华章)1.攻克set短语①setup建造,建立,搭起②setaside把……放在一边③setdown写下;记下④setoff出发;动身⑤setout出发;动身⑥setabout开始;着手2.bring短语万花筒①bringabout导致,引起,带来②bringback带回;使想起③bringdown降低;使落下④bringin引入;使赚得⑤bringup教育,培养⑥bringout使呈现三、句式——eq\a\vs4\al(在解读中学懂,在仿写中学通)背原句明句式学仿写1.However,unlesspeoplebuildbeehives,theonlywayforthemtogethoneyistofindawildbees'nestandtakethehoneyfromit.然而,除非人们建造蜂箱,否那么他们获取蜂蜜的唯一途径就是找到野蜂的巢穴并从中获取蜂蜜。unless“如果不,除非〞,引导条件状语从句。除非你完全投入到你的工作中,否那么你永远也不会取得成功。(2023·湖南高考单项选择)Youwillnevergainsuccessunless_you_are_fully_devoted_to_your_work.2.Onceithastheirattention,itfliesthroughtheforest,constantlywaitingforthecuriousanimalorpersonasitleadsthemtothenest.一旦它引起了他们的注意,它就飞越树林,不断等候好奇的动物或人,一边领着它们进入巢穴。once“一旦〞,为连词,引导条件状语从句。一旦学会了利用失败,那么失败就能为你的生活做出积极的奉献。Failurecanmakeapositivecontributiontoyourlifeonce_you_learn_to_make_use_of_it.3.However,itwasalongtimebeforetheyacceptedmeandletmegetveryclosetothem.然而,过了很长时间之后它们才接受我,让我靠近它们。Itwas+一段时间+before...“过了多久才……〞。几年之后我才意识到大卫对我撒谎了。It_was_several_years_beforeIrealizedthatDavidhadliedtome.第一板块核心单词归纳集释1.determinevi./vt.决定,使下定决心[高考佳句]Asastudentinseniorhighschool,themostimportanttaskistostudyhard,whichdeterminesourfuture.(2023·重庆高考写作)作为一名高中生,最重要的任务是学习,这决定着我们的未来。(1)determine+从句决定……determinetodosth.决定做某事determineon/uponsth.就某事做出决定(2)determinedadj.有决心的,坚决的bedeterminedtodosth.决心做某事①Ihavedeterminedon/uponworkingasavolunteerteacherinthecountrysideaftergraduation.我已决定毕业后到农村支教。②Determined(determine)tomakeafortuneinabigcity,helefthisvillage.他离开了村子,决心在大城市发财。[联想发散]表示“决心要做某事,决定做某事〞的其他表达方式还有:decidetodosth.,makeadecisiontodosth.,makeupone'smindtodosth.,bebenton(doing)sth.等。2.measurevi./vt.计量;估计;判断n.计量制;计量单位;措施;尺寸[经典例句]Itisdifficulttomeasurethesuccessofthecampaignatthisstage.在现阶段还难以估量这场运动的成败。(1)measure...by...用……来衡量……bemeasuredby/in用……来衡量/计算(2)takemeasures/steps/actiontodosth.采取措施做某事makesth.tosb.'smeasure照某人的尺寸做某物①Educationshouldn'tbemeasuredonlybyexaminationresults.教育不应该单纯用考试成绩来衡量。②Thenumberofthemislessthan1,000,soIhopeyoucantake_some_effective_measures_to_protect_them.(2023·重庆高考写作)它们的数量缺乏1000只,因此我希望你们能采取一些有效措施来保护它们。③MymotheralwaysmakesnewclothestomyownmeasurewiththeSpringFestivalcoming.妈妈在春节来临时总是为我量身定做新衣服。[名师指津]measure表示“(量起来)有……长(宽、高、重)〞时为不及物动词,常用主动形式。3.entertainvi./vt.使欢乐,使娱乐;款待[教材原句]Sometimestheyspiceuptheirpets'liveswithentertainingvideosandamusingtoys.有时他们用有趣的视频和有趣的玩具来为他们宠物的生活增添情趣。(1)entertainsb.tosth.用某物招待某人entertainsb.withsth.用某物使某人快乐(2)entertainingadj.有趣的;令人愉快的(3)entertainmentn.娱乐,文娱节目;招待,款待toone'sentertainment使某人快乐的是①Heentertainedusforhourswithhisstoriesandjokeslastnight.昨晚他讲故事、说笑话,让我们快乐了好几个小时。②Tomygreatentertainment,hepromisedtoentertainustoicecream.令我非常快乐的是,他容许请我们吃冰淇淋。[熟词生义]读句子猜含义③MycousingavemeawonderfulentertainmentwhenIvisitedhimlastweek.招待,款待4.delivervi./vt.运送,分送,传递;生(小孩儿);接生;发表(演说等)[高考佳句]Ifeelitagreathonortodeliverafarewellspeechhereonbehalfofthestudentsofourschool.(2023·天津高考书面表达)我感到很荣幸能在这里代表我们学校的学生发表辞别演讲。(1)deliversth.(tosb.)递送/传送某物(给某人)deliveraspeech/lecture发表演说deliverababy助产;接生bedeliveredofababy分娩;生孩子(2)deliveryn.交付;投递;分娩①Theheadmasterdelivered_an_important_speechatthemeetingyesterdaywhichleftadeepimpressiononhisstudents.在昨天的会议上校长发表了一个重要演说,这给他的学生们留下了深刻印象。②MissWhitewasdeliveredofahealthyboyyesterday.昨天,怀特小姐生下一个健康的男孩。eq\a\vs4\al([单词集成训练])Ⅰ.根底点全练(单句语法填空)1.Iwasembarrassedbyhisunexpected(expect)question.2.Troopshavebeensenttoprotectaidworkersagainst/fromattack.3.Bittentwice,thepostmanrefusedto_deliver(deliver)ourlettersunlesswechainedourdog.4.Heentertainedhisfriendstodinnerinreturnfortheirhelp.5.Somevillagersreportedahugesnake,measuring(measure)overtwometreslong,wasfounddeadinanearbycave.6.MissGaoisverypatientwithyoungchildren,sosheisfitforthejob.7.Peoplehavealwaysbeencuriousaboutexactlyhowlifeonearthbegan.8.Shetreatedheradopted(adopt)sonasifhewereherownchild.Ⅱ.重难点多练determine点点练(1)单句语法填空①Wearedeterminedto_get(get)theworkdonebeforeFriday.②Sheissuchadeterminedgirlthatshewillachievehergoalwithdeterminationonceshehasmadeuphermind.(determine)(2)一句多译上学期,我期中考试得的分数低,我决心相信自己,并且设法改变。③Lastterm,aftergettingalowscoreinthemiddleexam,Idetermined_tobelieveinmyself,andtriedtochange.④Lastterm,aftergettingalowscoreinthemiddleexam,Idecided_tobelieveinmyself,andtriedtochange.⑤Lastterm,aftergettingalowscoreinthemiddleexam,Iwas_determined_tobelieveinmyself,andtriedtochange.⑥Lastterm,aftergettingalowscoreinthemiddleexam,Imade_up_my_mind_tobelieveinmyself,andtriedtochange.Ⅲ.阅读词汇专练根据语境选出deliver的词性和词义eq\x(Avt.递送Bvt.发表演说等Cvi.接生)1.LinQiaozhioftendeliveredbabiesforpoorfamilieswhocouldnotpayher.__C__2.Somenewbookshavebeendeliveredtoourschool.__A__3.Anastronautdeliveredaspeechinourschoollastweek.__B__第二板块短语句型归纳集释1.notonly...(but)also...不但……而且……[教材原句]Honeyisnotonlyagoodsourceofnaturalsugar;itisalsodelicious.蜂蜜不仅是一种很好的天然糖源,而且也很美味。(1)连接两个并列成分时,着重强调后者,其意为“不仅……而且……〞;其中的but有时可以省略。①Asanativespeaker,Inot_onlycanspeakMandarinfluently,but_alsoknowhowtoworkonittomakegreatprogress.(2023·四川高考总分值作文)作为一个说本族语的人,我不仅能说流利的普通话,而且知道如何努力取得很大的进步。(2)连接两个句子时,且notonly位于句首时,其所在的句子要用局部倒装。②Notonlycan_they_offerusjoyandexcitement,butalsotheycanencourageustothinkcritically.(2023·浙江高考书面表达)它们不仅能给我们带来快乐和兴奋,而且还能鼓励我们进行批判性的思考。(3)连接并列主语时,其谓语通常与临近的主语在人称和数上保持一致。③Notonlythestudents(but)alsotheirteacherlikes(like)playingfootball.不仅是学生们,他们的老师也喜欢踢足球。2.lead...to通往……;引向……[教材原句]...thenexttimethebirdcriestothemthroughtheforestitwillleadthemtoasnakeoraleopardinrevenge.当下一次鸟儿在森林里朝他们叫喊的时候,它会把他们引向一条蛇或一只豹来复仇。leadto导致,促使(to为介词)leadsb.todosth.使某人做某事lead/livea...life过……样的生活①Iwanttoknowwhatitwasthatledyouto_take(take)upactingasacareer.我想知道是什么让你开始从事演艺事业的。②Thediscoveryofnewevidenceledtothethief'sbeing_caught(catch).新证据的发现使得小偷被抓住了。[名师指津]leadto“导致,促使〞中to是介词,后跟名词、代词或v.­ing形式。3.However,unlesspeoplebuildbeehives,theonlywayforthemtogethoneyistofindawildbees'nestandtakethehoneyfromit.然而,除非人们建造蜂箱,否那么他们获取蜂蜜的唯一途径就是找到野蜂的巢穴并从中获取蜂蜜。unless意为“除非……,如果不……,除了……〞,多用于引导一个否认意义的真实条件句。unless引导条件句时,主要用于以下情况:(1)主句为肯定句①Unlessbadweatherstopsme,Iruneveryday.除非天气作梗,每天我都跑步。(2)主句为否认句②Youwill_never_getanywhereunlessyouhavesetyourgoal.如果你不设定目标,你哪儿也去不了。应注意的一些问题:(1)unless能与if...not换用的情况:unless在意义上相当于if...not,因此在有些场合中unless与if...not可互换使用。③Unless_I_am_mistaken,_I'veseenthatmanbefore.→IfIamnotmistaken,I'veseenthatmanbefore.如果我没搞错,我以前见过那个人。(2)unless从句中成分的省略:unless从句的主语与主句的主语相同时,unless从句中的主语和谓语(或一局部)有时可省略。④Unless_(he_is)_in_uniform,_hedoesn'tlooklikeapoliceman.如果不穿上制服,他看起来就不像警察。(3)unless从句的时态:主句是一般将来时态、祈使句或谓语中含有情态动词或主句是一般现在时,unless引导的真实条件句用一般现在时;如果强调从句动作发生在主句动作之前,从句可用现在完成时。但主句是过去将来时或过去时时,unless引导的真实条件句常用一般过去时。⑤Don'ttouchtheinstrumentsunlesstheteacherallows(allow)you.没有老师的允许,不要乱动仪器。⑥Thediseaseprevented(prevent)himfromrememberingthingsunlesshewasremindedbyothers.这种病使他记不住事,只能靠别人提醒。eq\a\vs4\al([短语句型集成训练])Ⅰ.根底点全练1.单句语法填空①Peterwaskeentoshowoffhisnewcarthemomenthesawhisfriends.②Thelittleboyfeltgratefultothecoachforhislettinghimjoininthegame.③Theharmfulmaterialsbecomeharmlesstotheenvironmentafterbeing_conducted(conduct).④Unlessasked(ask)toanswerquestions,thepupilswon'ttalkinMrsSmith'sclass.⑤ItwillbetwohoursbeforeIcanaffordtimetopickupmyson.⑥Heusedto_take(take)partinvariousactivitiestobroadenhishorizons.⑦Thetwosidesagreedtosetupacommitteetoinvestigatethecase.⑧Thegreatdamagewhichtheearthquakebroughtaboutmademanypeoplehomelessorlosetheirlives.2.运用所学短语完成片段LiGangwasfromSichuan.He①used_to(过去常常)helphisparentsdofarmwork.Thegreatdamagewhichtheearthquake②brought_about(导致)madehimlosehisfamily.Inordertomakealiving,thebraveyoungfellow③was_determined_to(决定……)gotoQingdao.There,hemetaprettyandkindAmericangirlnamedMarywho④set_up(建立)asmallcompany.Soonhewas⑤treated_as(被当成)herbestfriendandwasofferedajob.LiGang⑥was_very_grateful_to(对……非常感谢)herforherhelpandworkedveryhard.⑦Due_to(由于)hisexcellentperformance,Marygradually⑧got_close_to(接近)himandfellinlovewithhim.Nowthey'vegotmarriedandthey'relivingahappylife.Ⅱ.重难点多练1.lead相关短语个个清(1)补全句子①Asweallknow,successliesinhardworkwhilelazinessleads_to_failure(导致失败).②Iftheoperationsucceeds,Tomwillbeabletolead/live_a_normal_life(过上正常的生活).③Theguideled_the_visitors_to(把游客们带到)ashopofsouvenirs.(2)一句多译现代科学已给出了明显的证据,吸烟会导致许多疾病。④Modern_science_has_given_clear_evidence_that_smoking_can_cause_many_diseases.(cause)⑤Modern_science_has_given_clear_evidence_that_smoking_can_lead_to_many_diseases.(leadto)⑥Modern_science_has_given_clear_evidence_that_smoking_can_bring_about_many_diseases.(bringabout)⑦Modern_science_has_given_clear_evidence_that_smoking_can_result_in_many_diseases.(resultin)2.notonly...(but)also...面面观(1)单句语法填空①Theworldisnotonlyhungry,butalsothirstyforwater.②NotonlyIbutalsoTomandMaryare(be)fondofwatchingtelevision.③Notonlycantravelgivepeoplerelaxationandpleasure,butitcanincreasetheirknowledge.(2)一句多译它(龙舟训练营)不仅给像我们这样的青少年提供了一个享受非常令人兴奋的体育运动的时机,而且还为我们提供了一段美好的时光来更多地了解中国传统文化。(2023·北京高考书面表达)④Itnotonlyoffersteenagerslikeusachancetoenjoyaveryexcitingsport,but_it_also_provides_uswithagoodtimetoknowmoreabouttheChinesetraditionalculture.(provide)⑤Not_only_does_it_offerteenagerslikeusachancetoenjoyaveryexcitingsport,butitalsoprovidesuswithagoodtimetoknowmoreabouttheChinesetraditionalculture.(倒装结构)Ⅰ.单句语法填空1.You'dbetterwritedownherphonenumberbeforeyouforgetit.(2023·重庆高考单项选择)2.Youwon'tsucceedunlessyouworkhardandseizechances.3.Heisafraidto_climb(climb)thetreebecauseheisafraidoffallingdown.4.Inourschoolthenumberofstudentswhoareaddictedtocomputergamesisonthedecrease.5.Theoldprofessorlikestobesureofhisbodilycomforts.6.StevewasintenselycuriousaboutthecountryIcamefrom.7.Itwassuchafrighteningsnakethatnoonedaredgetclosetoit.8.Atrainingsessionshouldbeanoccasionwherethewholeteamworkstogether.9.Hisamusing(amuse)performancecausedaroaroflaughterintheaudience.10.However,inmanycases,youwillthenfindthattheprogramdoesnotrun.Ⅱ.单句改错1.Thatwasnotlongbeforehebecameusedtothelifethere.That→It2.Determiningtogiveupsmoking,hethrewawayhisremainingcigarettes.Determining→Determined3.Shesaidthathersonwasmeasured1.2meterstall.去掉was4.Hestoodonthesidewalkwithhishandsburyinginthepocketsofhisdarkovercoat.burying→buried5.Thepasser­bywasgratefulforusforourtimelyhelp.第一个for→to_6.Theolddoctorlookedontheorphanashisadoptingson.adopting→adoptedⅢ.用本单元所学知识完成写作训练(一)依据提示补全短文AsanEnglishContestfirstprizewinner,IF1am_grateful_to(对……感谢)myEnglishteacherforhishelp.ItwashisencouragementthatmademeF2become_interested_in(对……产生兴趣)English.Fromthenon,IdecidedtostudyhardtoimprovemyEnglish.IF3used_to(过去常常)studyEnglishF4at_least(至少)twohourseveryday.MyEnglishlisteningimprovedgreatlyF5due_to(由于)mypracticeintheEnglishCorner.①ItcannotonlyhelpuslearnEnglishfromeachother,butalsoit'sofsignificanceforustoenrichourEnglishknowledge.AstokeepinganEnglishdiaryeveryday,IthinkitisagoodhabitI'vehad,forithelpsaccumulatemorewordsandsentencepatternsforlaterstudy.IoftenturntothewebsiteEnjoyReading,whichoffersmeagreatnumberofarticlesaboutsomefunnywesternculture.Allinall,Iam_sure_of(确信)myEnglishlistening.I'llpracticeitcontinuously.(二)按要求将词汇句式升级1.用本单元高级词汇替换加黑局部(1)decided→determined(2)offers→provides(3)funny→amusing/entertaining(4)continuously→constantly2.用倒装句型改写句①Not_only_can_it_help_us_learn_English_from_each_other,_but_also_it's_of_significance_for_us_to_enrich_our_English_knowledge.[课下练熟高考]阅读理解提速练——练速度(限时:20分钟)AApopularTVhosthasreportedlyinvestedaboutUS$740,000inaprojecttoresearch,preserveandpromotetheHunanprovincialdialect(方言).ChineseTVpresentersarerequiredtospeakMandarin,orPutonghua,aspartoftheirwork,butshoulddialectsbeallowedonair?Bcnu(China):TVandradiostationshavetherighttodecidewhetherdialectsorMandarinwillbeusedintheirprograms.ThepopularityofsomedialectsinsomeareaswillnotchallengetheleadingroleofMandarininthewholecountry.RickN(US):TVandradiobroadcastersshouldtaketheleadinpopularizingMandarin.TorequirehoststospeakstandardMandarinisnottooppress(压制)dialects,butitonlyaimstorestrictirresponsibleuseoflanguage.Ithinkitisunprofessionalforsomehostsparticularlytoimitatethepronunciationofdialects.Cooper(UK):Dialectsareanimportantpartoflocalcultureandnowmanykidsevendon'tknowhowtospeaktheirdialectsbecauseofthemainuseofMandarinaroundthem.Itwouldbeapityiffuturegenerationswereunabletounderstandthelocaldialects.Itwouldbeaterriblebreakinculturaltraditions.Steve(France):Toattractviewersormakemoremoney,somehostscasuallyusedialects.DemandingTVandradioprogramsuseMandarinisamovetolimitstrangeandirresponsibleuseoflanguage,whetheritisMandarinorotherdialects.Inthisway,thedecisionisalsoaformofprotectionfordialects.HearingstandardMandarinonTVandradioprogramsisalsoabasicrightofaudiencesaroundthecountry.语篇解读:本文是一篇应用文。作者主要就“方言是否应该出现在播放的节目中〞这一话题给出了来自不同国家的人的观点。1.WhydoestheauthormentionapopularTVhost?A.Tomakecleartheauthor'sviewpoint.B.Tointroducethetopictobediscussed.C.Tosetanexampleforpeopletofollow.D.Toshowdialectsarelikelytodisappear.解析:选B推理判断题。根据文章内容可知,本文作者围绕“方言是否应该出现在播放的节目中〞这一话题给出了来自不同国家的人的观点,由此可推知,作者提及一个受欢送的主持人是为了引出本文要讨论的话题。应选B。2.WhataffectsdialectsnegativelyaccordingtoSteve?A.Massmedia'susingdialectscasually.B.Improperpronunciationofdialects.C.Restrictionsonspeakingdialectspublicly.D.Children'slosinginterestindialects.解析:选A细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句中的“somehostscasuallyusedialects〞以及“amovetolimitstrangeandirresponsibleuse...formofprotectionfordialects〞可知,Steve认为群众媒体对方言的随意使用对方言有消极的影响。应选A。3.Whofavordialectsonair?A.BcnuandSteve. B.BcnuandCooper.C.RickNandSteve. D.RickNandCooper.解析:选B细节理解题。根据第二段中的“TVheirprograms.〞和第四段中的“Dialectsareanimportantpartof...unabletounderstandthelocaldialects.〞可知,来自中国的Bcnu和来自英国的Cooper是赞同在播放的节目中使用方言的,应选B。B(2023·石家庄高三教学质检二)Accordingtoanewstudy,azebra'sstripes(条纹)mostlikelyhelptokeepannoying,bitingfliesoffthem.Scientistshavethoughtthatmightbethereason.However,theyalsohaveothertheories:thatthestripesprovidecamouflage(伪装)tohelpthemhidefromenemies;toconfusetheirenemies;tohelpthemstaycool;orforasocialreasonsuchastoattractamate.Abouttwoyearsago,scientiststestedthe“bitingflies〞theoryusinghorsemodelscoveredinastickysubstance.Horsefliestendednottolandonthefakehorsesthathadstripespaintedonthem.Theresearchersfeltthatthestripesconfusedtheflies'“navigationalsystem(导航系统)〞—theflies'abilitytosteerandland.Inordertobemorecertain,andtoanswerthequestionofwhyallhorse­typeanimalsdon'thavestripes,ateamofresearchersattheUniversityofCalifornialookedupalotofinformationonzebrasfrommanysources.Theyalsostudiedinformationaboutsimilartypesofanimalsincludinghorses,toseewherethestripeswereandwhatthestripeslookedlike.Theymappedwherezebraslived.Thentheylookedupinformationaboutwherebitingfliesandzebra­enemies(likehyenas鬣狗)lived.Theyhavediscoveredthatzebrastendtoliveinthesameareaswherebitingfliesarepresent,whichhassupportedtheirtheory.Nowthattheresearchersareprettycertainthestripeshelpzebrasdiscourageflies,theywanttodomoreresearchwiththattheoryinmind.Theywillobservehowbitingfliesactaroundstripedandnon­stripedanimals.TheresearchwillbepublishedintheAprileditionofthejournalNatureCommunications.语篇解读:本文为新闻报道。最新研究说明,斑马的条纹不是为了吸引异性,而是为了让马蝇远离它们。4.Thepurposeofthispassageis________.A.todiscusswithuswhyzebrashavestripesB.toinformusoftheresultofanewresearchC.topresentasciencelessonplantoteachersD.toprovideuswithsomeinformationaboutzebras解析:选B写作意图题。本文为新闻报道,报道的是一项最新科研成果,故正确答案为B。5.Accordingtothelateststudy,themainfunctionofzebras'stripesis________.A.toattractamateB.toconfusetheirenemies—hyenasC.tohelpthemstaycoolD.tohelpkeepbitingfliesoff解析:选D细节理解题。根据第一段首句“Accordingtoanewstudy,azebra'sstripes(条纹)mostlikelyhelptokeepannoying,bitingfliesoffthem.〞以及第三段首句“Theresearchersfeltthatthestripes...steerandland.〞可知,正确答案为D。6.Howdidtheresearchersgettheirnewdiscovery?A.Bydoingexperimentsinnature.B.Bycollectingallinformationabouthorse­typeanimals.C.Byobservinghowzebrasreactagainstbitingflies'attacks.D.Bycomparingthedistributionmapsofzebrasandbitingflies.解析:选D细节理解题。根据第三、四段,尤其是第四段第二句“Theyhavediscoveredthatzebras...supportedtheirtheory.〞可知,科研组通过比拟斑马分布区域和马蝇分布区域,发现两者惊人地吻合,由此得知新成果。7.Weknowfromthepassagethatscientistsstillhavedifferencesabout________.A.theclassificationofzebrasB.thedistributionofzebrasC.thefunctionofzebras'stripesD.thenavigationalsystemofzebras解析:选C推理判断题。根据第一段可知,科学家对斑马身上条纹的作用说法不一,有多种猜测。C(2023·绵阳第二次诊断)ArecentsurveyintheUnitedStatesshowedthattheaveragefamilyspentmoremoneyonitspetsthanonitschildren.Althoughrathershocking,itshouldnotsurpriseanyonewhohasseenthedoggyparlors(客厅)wherelovedpetsrest.AreAmericansuniqueintreatingtheirlittlefriendsinthisway?No,theEnglish,too,paymoreattentiontotheirpets.Thiscanclearlybeseenwhenwelookatpetfoods,whichoftencontainmorevitaminsthanhumanfood.Theycertainlycostmuch.LastyeartheBritishpublicspenttwohundredmillionpoundsonpetfoodalone,tosaynothingofveterinarybillsoranimalfurniture.Itisdifficultnottofeelangryaboutthiswhenconsideringwhatthesameamountcoulddoforvictimsofstarvationandpoverty,soitisnotunusualformeto_get_hot_under_collar_whenIreadanoldmanle

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