英语三大从句常考点

名词性从句第1页/共49页第一页，共50页。2023/2/12一.相关概念1.名词：表示人或事物的名称的词2.名词的句法作用：名词在句中主要作主语,宾语,表语和同位语。3.名词性从句：在英语的句子结构中，本来该由名词充当的主语、宾语、表语和同位语，由一个句子来充当,这个句子就叫:名词性从句。第2页/共49页第二页，共50页。2023/2/121.Whenwewillstart

isnotclear.2.MrsBlackwon’tbelieve

thathersonhasbecomeathief.3.

Myideais

thatweshoulddoitnow.4.Ihadnoidea

thatyouwereherfriend.主语从句宾语从句表语从句同位语从句二.名词性从句的种类第3页/共49页第三页，共50页。2023/2/12连接词：that,whether,if（引导从句，不作成分；that无义，whether/if“是否”）2.连接代词：who(whom),what,which,whosewhoever(whomever),whatever,whichever(作主语/宾语/表语/定语)

3.连接副词：when,where,why,how（作状语）

三.连接词,连接代词,连接副词第4页/共49页第四页，共50页。2023/2/121.Thathesaidnothingsurprisedeverybodypresent.

（that引导主语从句，不作成分，常用it作形式主语）Itsuprisedeverybodypresentthathesaidnothing.2.Whathesaidatthemeetingsurprisedeverybodypresent.(what引导主从，并在从句作said的宾语)

3.Theproblemiswhetherwefinishthetaskontime.（whether引导表从，不作成分，表示“是否”）4.Wherehelived

isunknowntous.（where引导主从，作live的状语）第5页/共49页第五页，共50页。2023/2/12名词性从句六大考点第6页/共49页第六页，共50页。2023/2/12考点1.that与whatWhatwecan’tgetseemsbetterthanwhatwehave.

Thatanewteacherwillcometoourschoolistrue.小结：that

只引导从句，无实义，不充当成分what既引导从句，又要在从句中充当成分（主语/宾语/表语）第7页/共49页第七页，共50页。2023/2/121._______Chinahasalargepopulationisknowntousall.2._______isknowntousallis_____Chinahasalargepopulation.3.______isknowntousallthatChinahasalargepopulation.4.______isknowntousall,Chinahasalargepopulation.比较句2，句3和句4thatWhatThatItAs第8页/共49页第八页，共50页。2023/2/121）____youdon’tlikehimisnoneofmybusiness.A.WhatB.WhoC.ThatD.Whether2)____hesaidatthemeetingastonishedeverybodypresent.

A.WhatB.ThatC.ThefactD.Thematter

☆☆高考题选萃第9页/共49页第九页，共50页。2023/2/12考点2.用if/whether填空1.Idon’tknow_______I’llbefreetomorrow.2.Idon’tknow_______ornotI’llbefreetomorrow.3.Thequestionis________thisbookisworthwriting.4.Ihavenoidea

__hewillcomeornot.whether/ifwhetherwhetherwhether第10页/共49页第十页，共50页。2023/2/125.Itdepends

on_________wewillhaveenoughmoney.6._______theycandoitmatterslittletous.7.Theyhavediscussedforhours_______theywillholdthemeeting.8.Ithasnotbeendecided________togo.whetherWhetherwhetherwhether第11页/共49页第十一页，共50页。2023/2/12小结：只用whether引导从句的情况主从位句首；表语从句；同位语从句；介词后面的宾从；后面紧跟ornot；作discuss的宾语从句；后面有todo不定式第12页/共49页第十二页，共50页。2023/2/12考点3.whoever/whatever/whichever/what/who引导名词性从句1.__________wassaidheremustbekeptsecret.2.Shewouldliketomakefriendswith__________sharesherinterest.3.Youmaychoose____________________you’dliketogowith.4.Take___________seatyoulikeintheclassroom.5._______weneedismoretime.6._______madethelongdistancecalltohimisnotimportant.WhateverwhicheverWhowhoeverWhatwhoever/whomever

第13页/共49页第十三页，共50页。2023/2/12小结whoever=anyonewho…“任何……的人”whatever=anythingthat…“任何……的物”whichever=any…that…任何…的人或物”

（已知范围内的或上文提到过的）第14页/共49页第十四页，共50页。2023/2/121.Whateverwassaidheremustbekeptsecret.

=Anythingthatwassaidheremustbekeptsecret.2.Shewouldliketomakefriendswithwhoeversharesherinterest.

=Shewouldliketomakefriendswithanyonewhosharesherinterest.3.Takewhicheverseatintheclassroomyoulike.

=Takeanyseatintheclassroomthatyoulike.

第15页/共49页第十五页，共50页。2023/2/121.____hashelpedtosavethedrowninggirlisworthpraising.A.Who

B.TheoneC.AnyoneD.Whoever高考题选萃第16页/共49页第十六页，共50页。2023/2/122.

Itisgenerallyconsideredunwisetogiveachild

____heorshewants.

A.howeverB.whateverC.whichever

D.whenever☆第17页/共49页第十七页，共50页。2023/2/121.Itis

clear/necessary/certain/true

that…

Itisnecessary/important/strange/natural+that

(should)+do2.Itisapity/ashame/anhonor

that…

3.It

iswellknown/reported/thought/said

that…Itis（建议/要求/坚持/命令）suggested/requested/insisted/ordered+that(should)+do考点4.it作形式主语,形式宾语it作形式主语第18页/共49页第十八页，共50页。2023/2/12

it作形式宾语“6123”结构find/feel/make/think/consider/believe/+it+adj/n.+that…/todo…/doingIthinkitnecessary

thatwetakeexerciseeveryday./totakeexerciseeveryday.Ifinditnousearguingwithhim.第19页/共49页第十九页，共50页。2023/2/121.I’vegottomakeclearthathetoldalie.2.他发现很难使别人理解他.Hefound_____________________________3.我认为我们保持冷静很重要.Ithink____________________________.

itdifficulttomakehimselfunderstood.ititimportantthatweshouldkeepcalm第20页/共49页第二十页，共50页。2023/2/12考点5.主语是thereason，引导表从用thatThereasonwhy...isthat...This/It/Thatisbecause...(原因)This/It/Thatiswhy...（结果）第21页/共49页第二十一页，共50页。2023/2/12

今天早上他迟到的原因是因为路上行人太多.

1.Thereasonwhyhewaslatethismorningisbecausethattherewasalotoftrafficontheroad.2.Thereasonwhyhewaslatethismorningisthattherewasalotoftrafficontheroad.3.Hewaslatethismorning.Thatwasbecausetherewasalotoftrafficontheroad.(原因)4.Therewasalotoftrafficontheroad.Thatwaswhyhewaslatethismorning.（结果）第22页/共49页第二十二页，共50页。2023/2/12考点6.that引导同从和定从的区别1.that引导同位语从句在抽象名词后面,说明或解释该名词的内容.that引导的限制性定语从句是修饰或限制前面名词的。2.that引导同位语从句中成分完整，that只引导从句，不作任何成分，但不可省略。that引导定语从句中成分残缺，that引导从句，并在句中作主语、宾语、表语。当that在从句中作宾语时，可以省略。第23页/共49页第二十三页，共50页。2023/2/121.Thesuggestionthatheshouldnotgothereisofgreatvalue.2.Thesuggestion（that）hemade

isofgreatvalue.3.Thefact

thathewonthefirstplacecan’tbedenied.4.Thefact（that）hetoldme

excitedme.（that在定语从句中作told的宾语，可以省略）第24页/共49页第二十四页，共50页。定语性从句第25页/共49页第二十五页，共50页。2023/2/12相关概念：1.限制性定语从句：是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或失去意义。这种从句和主句关系十分密切，写时不用逗号分开。Eg:Iwastheonlypersonwhowasinvitedinmyoffice.非限制性定语从句：和主句关系不很密切，只是对先行词作些附加说明，如果去掉，主句的意思仍然清楚。这种从句，写时往往逗号分开。Eg:ThatisMr.Wang,whosedaughterteachesEnglishatamiddleschool.注意：引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词不可用that，指人时用who(主语),whom(宾语)，指物时须用which.第26页/共49页第二十六页，共50页。2023/2/12考点一:如何判定用关系代词还是用关系副词1、找出定语从句中是否主语和宾语都齐全。如齐全用关系副词。用什么关系副词看先行词（主句中的名词或代词）。Iwillneverforgetthedays(______Istayedwithyou).when____JurassicParkisaboutapark______(averyrichmankeepsdifferentKindsofdinosaurs).___________where1958wastheyear______(Spielbergmadehisfirstrealfilm).__________Pleasegivemethereason_____(youmadesuchagreatsuccess).________whenwhyMorningisthebesttime______(youpractisereadingaloud)._________whenDoyourememberthelake_____(youfirstmetyourgirlfriend.）___________where第27页/共49页第二十七页，共50页。2023/2/122、如定语从句中缺宾语，确定定语从句的谓语动词是不是及物动词，如是，用关系代词，如不是，用关系副词。

Yesterdaywewenttovisitthehouse______(thegreatwriterusedtolive)._______whereinwhichThehouse______(theybuiltin1987)stayedupintheearthquake.whichthat/______Luckilynoneofthepeople_____(Iknow)werekilledintheearthquake.

whowhomthat/_____Myfatherwasbornintheyear______(theSecondWorldWarbrokeout)._________________________inwhichwhen第28页/共49页第二十八页，共50页。2023/2/123、如定语从句中谓语结构是被动结构，有主语，则用关系副词。Kunmingisabeautifulplace______(flowersareseenalltheyearround).whereOctober1stistheday________(newChina

wasfounded).whenThewindow(______wasopenedthismorning)hasbeenbroken.WhichthatThemeeting(______willbeheldnextweek)isveryimportant.Whichthat第29页/共49页第二十九页，共50页。2023/2/12考点二：that和which的选择

(1)that指物时一般可以与which互换，但在下列情况引导词只用that，不用which。

①当先行词为all,much,little,few,none,something,anything,everything,nothing等不定代词时，如：

a.Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.b.Iamsureshehassomething(that)youcanborrow.c.Thereislittle(that)theenemycandobesidessurrender.②先行词被all,every,no,some,any,little,much修饰时：

I’vereadallthebooks(that)yougaveme.第30页/共49页第三十页，共50页。2023/2/12③先行词是序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。Thisisthebestbook(that)I’veeverread.Thisisthefirstcomposition(that)hehaswritteninEnglish.④先行词被theonly,thevery,thelast修饰时。Thatwhitefloweristheonlyone(that)Ireallylike.Thisistheverybook(that)Iwanttofind.⑤当有两个或两个以上分别表示人和物的先行词时，这个定语从句要用that而不用who(whom)和which引导。如：Hetalkedabouttheteachersandschools

（that）hehadvisited.第31页/共49页第三十一页，共50页。2023/2/12⑥先行词是疑问词who,which,what

时，定语从句用that而不用who,(whom)和which引导。Whoisthepersonthatisstandingatthegate?Whichofusthatknowssomethingaboutphysicsdoesnotknowthis?Whatthatisonthetablebelongstome?⑦当关系代词在从句中作表语时：

Maryisnolongerthegirl(that)sheusedtobe.Chinaisnolongerthecountrythatitusedtobe.

第32页/共49页第三十二页，共50页。2023/2/12Which可以引导非限定性定语从句，可用于介词后，其先行词可是一个词,也可是整个主句或主句的某一部分。

1Sheheardaterriblenoise,______broughtherheartintohermouth.A.itB.whichC.thisD.that2.Theweatherturnedouttobegood,___wasmorethanwecouldexpect.A.whatB.whichC.thatD.it（2）只用which的情况

B

B第33页/共49页第三十三页，共50页。2023/2/12考点三：as与which引导的定语从句※对这两个词作如下归纳：

1、如果定语放主句后，即引用as也可以用which.Hefailedtotheexam,as(=which)isnatural.Sheseemsascientist,as(=which)infactsheis.Grammarisnotadeadrule,which(=as)Ihavesaidbefore.

2、如果从句在主句前，这时要用as而不用which引导定语从句。如：

Asweallknow,hisparentswerekilledinthewar.Asweallknow,

theearthisround.第34页/共49页第三十四页，共50页。2023/2/123.用于thesame…as…,such…as…，as…as…,so…as…中，一般用as。e.g.Suchbooks

asyoutellme

areinteresting.ThisisthesamebookasIlentyouyesterday.4.as代表前面主句意思时，有“正如…”之意，而which没有此意思，从句中的动词常是expect,know,see,think,want,suppose等。

Hewonthematch,aswehadexpected.Heagreedtotheplan,aswastobeexpected.Thepolicewerelookingforhim,ashethought.Hereissobigastoneasnomancanlift.第35页/共49页第三十五页，共50页。2023/2/125.as在从句中作主语时，后面常接行为动词的被动语态，如beknown，besaid，bereported等，如从句中行为动词是主动语态，一般要用which作主语。e.g.Shehasbeenlateagain,aswasexpected.Tomhasmadegreatprogress,whichmadeushappy.6.如果从句的内容对主句内容起着消极作用，或者说导致的结果，则用which.a.Hecheatedhisfriendofmachmoney,whichwasverydisgraceful.b.Hecamebacklate,whichmadehismotherworried.第36页/共49页第三十六页，共50页。2023/2/12考点四：关系代词前介词的确定如何选定介词:1.根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系，请体会：e.g.Isthatthenewspaper

forwhichyouoftenwritearticles?2.根据从句中动词或形容词的习惯搭配，如：e.g.CanyouexplaintomehowtousetheseidiomsaboutwhichI’msure.3.根据先行词与介词的搭配习惯，请体会：e.g.1949wastheyearinwhichtheP.R.C.wasfounded.第37页/共49页第三十七页，共50页。2023/2/124.非限制性定与从句中，要表示先行词的一部分时，可用“数词/代词+of+关系代词”的结构，如：e.g.Thereare50studentsinourclass,two-thirdsofwhomhavebeentoBeijing.5.Whose从句可转换为“of+关系代词”型，如：e.g.Theyliveinahouse,whosedooropenstothesouth.

Theylivedinahouse,ofwhichthedooropenstothesouth.Theylivedinahouse,thedoorofwhichopentothesouth.第38页/共49页第三十八页，共50页。2023/2/12关系副词when,where,why可以用适当的介词+which来替代。如：when=in/on/at…+which,where=in/on/at…+which,

why=for+which

介词的位置非常灵活，有时放在关系代词之前，有时放在动词之后。eg.1.Iwon’tforgetthedate

when(onwhich)Iwasborn.2.Thisistheroom

where(inwhich)Ilived.=Thisistheroom

whichIlivedin.3.Idon’tknowthereason

why(forwhich)hehaven’tcometoday.4.Tomstillremembersthedays

when(inwhich)theylivedinTianjin.第39页/共49页第三十九页，共50页。2023/2/12思考？是否所有的介词+关系代词都能用关系副词代替?Thepainting(__________Ilooked)waspaintedbyme.atwhichThebook(______________Iheard)waswrittentwentyyearsago.aboutwhichThepen(____________shewrotethatbook)cannowbeseeninamuseum.withwhichKunmingisabeautifulplace_____________(flowersareseenalltheyearround).where/inwhichIwillneverforgottheday_____________Ifirstmetyouontheship.onwhich/whenduringwhichThefilm(_____________Ifellasleep)wasveryboring.结论：只有当介词+关系代词充当地点状语、时间状语或原因状语时，才能用关系副词代替。第40页/共49页第四十页，共50页。2023/2/12Correctthesentences:1.I’musingthepenwhichheboughtityesterday.2.Isthatfactorywhichyourfatheronceworkedin?3.ThemanwhomIspokeisfromCanada.4.July1,1999isthedaywhenwe’llneverforget.(去掉)theone^__^to____which5.Thestudentsandthingswhichyouspokeofareknowntous.____that第41页/共49页第四十一页，共50页。2023/2/125.Einsteinissuchagreatscientistthatwemustlearnfrom.6.Thestudentwho’sbookIhadborroweddidn’tcometoschooltoday.7.Whoistheworkerwhotooksomepicturesofthefactory.8.Itisoneofthebestfilmswhichhavebeenshownrecently.9.ThethirdplacewhichwearegoingtovisitisHangzhou10.Whichisknowntoall,manysatellitearegoingaroundinthesky.____as_____Whosethat____that________that_____As第42页/共49页第四十二页，共50页。状语从句第43页/共49页第四十三页，共50页。2023/2/12时间地点原因目的结果条件让步方式when.while.as.since.before.assoonas,where

since,because,seeingthat,as,for