2023版高三英语一轮复习第1部分基础知识解读Unit12CultureShock教师用书北师大版必修4

Unit12CultureShock(对应学生用书第84页)[单词拼写应用]Ⅰ.考纲单词——会拼写、要识记1．owevt. 欠(情、债等)2．briefadj.短暂的，简短的3．exchangevt.兑换，交换4．laughtern. 笑；笑声5．bookvt.预约，预订6．noveln. (长篇)小说7．headmastern. 校长8．requestn. 请求9．familiaradj. 熟悉的，常见的10．arrivaln. 到达，抵达11．aspectn. 方面12．outgoingadj.友好的，乐于交友的13．earthquaken. 地震14．belongvi.适应；属于15．birthplacen. 出生地16．fondadj.喜爱17．broadadj.各种各样的；广阔的18．minorityn. 少数，少数民族19．unfairadj.不公平的20．forgivevt.宽恕，饶恕21．cheque n. 支票22．indicate vt.说明；表示23．canteen n. 食堂，餐厅24．appetite n. 胃口，食欲25．detective n. 侦探26．contrary adj.相反的27．preview n. 预告；预演，预展Ⅱ.派生单词——能区分1．apologyn. 抱歉，认错→apologizev. 抱歉，辩白，赔不是2．absorbvt.理解，掌握；吸收→absorbedadj.被……吸引住的→absorbingadj.吸引人的3．expectationn. 期待的事物，预期→expectvt.期待，预料，指望→expectedadj.预期的，预料的4．majorityn. 大半，大多数→majoradj.主要的；重要的5．reasonn. 理由v. 推论→reasonableadj.合理的，正当的6．curiousadj.好奇的→curiouslyadv. 奇怪地；好奇地→curiosityn. 好奇7．movev. 移动；感动→movementn. 动作；活动→movableadj.可移动的→movedadj.感动的→movingadj.令人感动的8．formaladj.正式的→formallyadv. 正式地→informaladj.非正式的9．cautionn. 小心，谨慎→cautiousadj.小心翼翼的，谨慎的10．educatev. 教育→educationn. 教育→educatorn. 教育者→educatedadj.有教养的11．addvt.增加；补充说→additionn. 相加，增加物→additionaladj.附加的，补充的12．injurevt.伤害→injuryn. 伤害→injuredadj.伤害的Ⅲ.语境应用(用所给词的适当形式填空)1．Idon'twanttogettooabsorbed(absorb)inmodeling.(2023·全国卷Ⅲ)2．Inafurthertwist,birthrateishighestinpoorlyeducated(educate)ruralareas.(2023·江苏高考)3．IfIhavemadeanymistakes，I'mreadytoapologize(apology)．4．Sinceherarrival(arrive)atthecompany，shehasreorganizedseveraldepartments.5．Herhusbandiscautious(caution)，nevermakingaswiftdecisionaboutanything.6．Youshouldknowtheadditional(addition)responsibilitiesthatareincidentaltothejob.7．Parentsowetheirchildrenprivacyandrespectfortheirpersonalbelongings(belong)．8．Theboyiscuriouslywatchingwhattheoldmanisdoinginthegardenandheisalwayscuriousabouttheworldoutsideandshowsgreatcuriosityaboutwhatisgoingoninnature.(curious)9．Thecouplemovedintothemovablehouseandtheyfeltmuchmovedtoseethemovingmovieaftermovingintothenewhouse.(movement)10．Threepeoplewerekilledandfiveinjuredinthecrash.Thedoctorsaidtwooftheinjuredhadseriousinjuries．(injure)[拓展联想]单复数同形名词知多少①manners 礼貌②means 方法③news 新闻 ④series 丛书⑤Swiss 瑞士人 ⑥deer 鹿⑦beer 啤酒 ⑧spacecraft 航天器“伤害〞动词小聚①wound 伤害 ②hurt 受伤③damage 损害 ④harm 伤害⑤impair 损害 ⑥destroy 破坏；损坏“说〞之种种①insist 坚持说②joke开玩笑地说③add 继续说 ④complain 抱怨说⑤goon 接着说 ⑥warn 警告说⑦comeon 说吧 ⑧whisper 低声说[短语多维应用]Ⅰ.短语回忆——会默写1．getusedto 习惯于2．give...alift 让……搭车，搭便车3．see...off 给(某人)送行4．belongto 属于5．insiston 坚持，坚决要求6．stareat 盯着看；凝视7．beattachedto 附属于8．soundlike 听起来像9．inpoorcondition 状况不好10．besensitiveto 对……敏感11．atleast 至少12．contraryto 与……相反13．put/bringanendto 结束14．loadsof 许多，大量Ⅱ.语境应用(用上述短语的适当形式填空)1．IfoundthejobtiringatfirstbutIsoongotusedtoit.2．AfterTomsawFrankoffatthebusstation，hewenttothepostofficetoposttheletter.3．Contrarytomostmanagers'opinion，theyoungmanagervoicedhisuniqueview.4．Afinalbattleput/broughtthewartoanend，andthenthecountryhadbeeninpeaceformanyyears.5．Theyoungmaninsistedonbeingsenttowherehewasmostneeded.6．Thefreshairbelongsequallytousall，weshouldprotectitbeingpolluted.7．ThatsoundslikeBillcomingupthestairs.8．Theystaredatthestrangesightinsilentwonder.9．I'vegotloadsoffriendswho'reunemployed.10．I'veknownheratleastaslongasyouhave.[拓展联想]无被动语态短语大全①datefrom 始于②belongto 属于③sufferfrom 遭受④cometrue 变成现实⑤takeplace 发生⑥breakout 爆发聚焦“看〞相关短语①lookaround环顾；四下观察②lookdown 俯视；向下看③lookup 仰望；抬头往上看④glareat 怒视⑤stareat 盯着看；凝视⑥glanceat 浏览；粗略地看[句式结构仿写]教材原句——会背诵句式仿写——能应用1.特殊疑问词＋不定式Decidewheretogoonholidaywithafriend.1.曾有一段时间，我不知道如何与同学相处。TherewasatimewhenIdidn'tknowhowtogetalongwithmyclassmates.2.haveadifficulttime(in)doingsth.“有一段较为困难的时光〞WhenIfirstarrivedinSanFrancisco，IhadadifficulttimeunderstandingcertainaspectsoftheAmericanwayofdoingthings.2.在你休息后，你回到工作状态会感到困难吗？Afteryoutakeabreak，doyouhaveadifficulttimegoingbacktowork？3.thelasttime引导时间状语从句IhadasimilarexperiencethelasttimeIvisitedChina.3.上次我游黄山时被它的美景迷住了。IwasattractedbythebeautifulsceneryofMountHuang(对应学生用书第86页)精讲8个考纲单词owevt.欠(情、债等)；归功于[教材原句]Icertainlyoweyouanapologyfornotwritingmoreoften.没有多给你写信我真的非常抱歉。owesb.sth.＝owesth.tosb.欠某人某物owe...to... 把……归功于；归因于owingto 因为；由于oweittosb.that... 多亏了某人①Weowetheseachievementstothestrengthofreformandopening­upandtheperseveringspiritoftheChinesenation.我们把这些成就归功于改革开放以及中华民族不屈不挠的精神。②Thecountryowesforeigncountriesbillionsofdollars.＝Thecountryowesbillionsofdollarstoforeigncountries.这个国家欠外债数十亿美元。链接写作【导学号：33220233】你应当把你的成功归功于你的母亲。(普通表达)Youshouldoweyoursuccesstoyourmother.(高级表达)Youshouldoweittoyourmotherthatyouaresuccessful.absorbvt.理解；掌握；吸收[高考佳句]However，whensomethingdidinterestme，Icouldbecomeabsorbed.(2023·北京高考·阅读理解A)然而，当有东西使我感兴趣时，我会很投入。(1)absorb...from... 从……中吸收……o... 把……吸收进……absorboneselfin 全神贯注于absorb/attract/drawone'attention吸引某人的注意(2)absorbedadj.全神贯注的(be)absorbedin... 全神贯注于……beabsorbedby/into 被……吞并(吸引)①Plantsabsorbcarbondioxidefromtheairandmoisturefromthesoil.植物从空气中吸收二氧化碳并从土壤中汲取水分。②Look，theyabsorbthemselves(they)intheexperiment.快看，他们在专心做实验。③Aweakrayoflightcameinthroughasmallholeinthewallandhewasabsorbedinhisreading.一缕微弱的光线从墙上的小孔中透过来，他正在专心致志地读书。exchangevt.兑换，交换n．兑换，交换[教材原句]Talkingofmoney—it'sreallyeasytoexchangetraveller'schequesatbanksorhotelssoIadviseyoutogetsomeofthosebeforeyoucome.谈到钱，在银行或饭店交换旅行支票，非常容易，所以我建议你来之前准备一些支票。(1)exchangesth.forsth. 以某物交换某物exchangesth.withsb. 与某人交换某物(2)makeanexchange 交换inexchangeforsth. 交换某物①Ifthecoursefailstoprovidecompletesatisfactiontoyou，youcaneasilyexchangeitforanyothercoursethatweoffer.如果这门课程不能让你完全满意，你可以很容易地更换我们提供的其他任何一门课程。②Exchangeyourideawithyourpartnerandthenwriteitdown.与你的同伴交换想法然后记录下来。③I'veofferedtopaintthekitcheninexchangeforaweek'sholiday.我主动提出粉刷厨房作为一周假期的交换。majorityn．大半，大多数[教材原句]ButeventhoughsomeBritishpeoplearequitestrange，themajorityofthemarereallyfriendlyandI'vemadesomegoodfriends.虽然有些英国人十分乖僻，但是大多数人都很友好，我已经结交了一些好朋友。(1)a/themajorityof ……的大多数ina/themajority 占大多数by/withamajorityof 以多数票(2)minorityn. 少数intheminority 占少数①ThewhiteareinthemajorityinAustraliawhilethenativepeopleintheminority.在澳大利亚，白人占多数而土著人反而占少数。②Themajorityare/is(be)infavourofbanningsmokinginpublic.大多数人支持禁止在公共场合吸烟。③Themajorityofthedamageis(be)easytorepair.大局部损失容易补救。④Anagreementseemstobeimpossiblebecausethemajorityofthecommitteemembersare(be)againstit.好似是不可能达成协议了，因为大多数委员们反对。[名师点津](1)“a/themajorityof＋名词〞作主语时，其后谓语动词的单复数取决于of后名词的数。(2)themajority作主语时，谓语动词既可以用复数，也可以用单数。链接写作【导学号：33220234】如果你想参加，你的照片应当发送到intlphotoshow@gmschool。(2023·全国卷Ⅱ·书面表达)①(普通表达)Ifyouwanttojoin，yourphotosshouldbesenttointlphotoshow@gmschool.②(高级表达)Itisrequestedthatyourphotosshouldbesenttointlphotoshow@gmschoolifyouwanttojoin.requestvt.&n.请求；要求[高考佳句]Youcantalktotherobot，askitquestions，andmakerequestsforittoperformdifferenttasks.(2023·天津高考·阅读理解B)你可以跟机器人说话，问它问题，要求它来完成不同的任务。(1)make(a)requestfor/that...请求；要求……atsb.'srequest＝attherequestofsb.应某人之要求(2)requestsb.todosth. 请求某人做某事requestthat...(should)dosth. 请求……Itisrequestedthat...(should)dosth.据要求……①Theprofessorcametoourschooltogivelecturesatourrequest.这位教授应邀来我校讲课。②Myparentsrequestedmetolearn(learn)asecondforeignlanguage.我父母要求我再学一门外语。③Itisrequestedthatallthevisitors(should)nottake(take)picturesoftheexhibitions.要求所有的参观者不要对展品进行拍照。链接写作【导学号：33220235】Itisrequestedthatalltheclubmembersattendtheannualmeeting.Alltheclubmembersarerequestedtoattendtheannualmeeting.familiaradj.熟悉的，常见的[教材原句]JinLifoundtheAmericanwayoflifefamiliarsoonafterherarrivalintheUSA.金丽到达美国后不久，她就发现美国人的生活方式对她来说很熟悉。(1)sb.befamiliarwithsth. 某人对某物很熟悉sth.befamiliartosb.＝sth.beknowntosb.某物为某人所熟悉(2)besimilarto 与……相似①IbelievethesedonatedbookswillnotonlymakeyoumorefamiliarwithChinabuthelpenhanceyourChinese.我认为这些捐赠的书不仅能使你更熟悉中国，而且有助于提高你的汉语。②AlthoughthedragonisquitefamiliartomostChinese，nobodyhaseverseenarealone.尽管龙的形象对大多数中国人来说都是很熟悉的，可是没有一个人见过真龙。attachvt.系，固定；附上，贴上；喜欢，依恋[教材原句]Atfirst，wedidn'tfeelwebelonghere，butnowweareattachedtothelandweliveon.起初，我们认为我们并不属于这里，但是现在我们已与我们所居住的土地紧紧地联系在一起了。(1)attach...to...把……固定到/附在……上attachimportance/significance/valueto认为……有重要性/意义/价值attachoneselftosb. 与某人在一起，缠着某人(2)(be)attachedto 附属于；依恋①Myparentsalwaysattachimportancetomygettingagoodeducation.我的父母一直非常重视让我接受良好的教育。②Themiddleschoolattached(attach)toBeijingNormalUniversityiswell­knownacrossthecountry.北师大附中是一所全国知名的中学。bearvi.&vt.容忍，忍受；承当(责任)；支撑；承受；生育；出生；结(果实)；携带[教材原句]Ican'tbearthewaythenativeAustralianshavebeentreated.我不能忍受对待澳大利亚土著人的方式。(1)can'tbeardoing/todosth.不能忍受做某事can'tbearsb./sb.'sdoing/todosth.不能忍受某人做某事(2)bearaheavyburden 肩负重担bearresponsibility/theblame 承当责任/受责备(3)bear/keepsth.inmind 记住……bear/keepinmindthat... 记住……①Icouldn'tbeartolisten/listeninganylonger，soIlefttheroom.我实在听不下去了，便离开了房间。②Bearing(bear)aheavyburden，shehastoworkhardtobringupherchildren.肩负重担，她必须努力工作抚养孩子。③Youmaychooseanythemeyoulike.However，youshouldbearanessentialpointinmind.你可以选择任何你喜欢的主题，但关键的一条你应牢记于心。诠释3个核心短语getusedto习惯于[教材原句]You'regoingtohavetogetusedtobaconandeggswithafewslicesoftoastforbreakfastoverhere，AuntMei!梅姨，你得适应这里咸肉、鸡蛋加几片烤面包的早饭！get/beusedto(doing)sth. 习惯于(做)某事beusedtodosth./for(doing)sth. 被用来做某事beusedas... 作为……来使用usedtodosth. 过去常常做某事Whenhewasyoung，heusedtogo(go)thereonfoot.Nowhehasgotusedtogoing(go)therebybike，thoughhisbikeisusedtopick(pick)uphisgrandsonsometimes.当他年轻的时候，他常步行去那儿。现在他习惯于骑自行车去那里，虽然他有时用自行车去接他的孙子。see...off给……送行[教材原句]Heinsistedonwalkingmetothestationtoseemeoff.他坚持陪我走到车站为我送行。seethroughsb./sth.看透，识破；做完(某项工作)seetosb./sth. 照料；注意；处理seetoitthat... 确保/保证……seeingthat... 因为，由于，鉴于①Don'tfoolme；Icanseethroughyourtricks!别愚弄我了，我能识破你的把戏。②I'msogladyou'vecomeheretoseetothismatterinperson.我很快乐你亲自来这里处理这个问题。③Seeing(see)thatyou'realreadyatthedoor，IsupposeImustinviteyouinside.鉴于你已到了门口，我想我必须邀请你入内。bringanendto结束，制止[教材原句]ThearrivalofwhitepeoplegraduallybroughtanendtothetraditionalAboriginalwayoflife.白人的到来逐渐终结了传统土著人的生活方式。cometoanend 结束，告终eq\b\lc\\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(bring...toanend,putanendto...))使……结束；终结……attheendof... 在……结束时；最终①Themeetingdidn'tcometoanenduntil12o'clock.会议直到12点才结束。②Onlythroughpoliticalsolutioncouldweputanendtotheviolence.只有通过政治上的解决方案我们才能结束暴力。[名师点津](1)在end的习语bringanendto，putanendto，cometoanend中，用an不用the。(2)bringanendtosth.可以转化为bringsth.toanend，但putanendto不可改为put...toanend。突破2个高考句型(教材P39)Decidewheretogoonholidaywithafriend.定好和朋友到哪儿去度假。句中wheretogoonholiday...为“特殊疑问副词＋不定式〞结构，在句中作宾语。(1)特殊疑问词后跟动词不定式构成的短语，可以在句子中作主语、宾语、表语，还可以作定语。(why和if后不能直接跟动词不定式)(2)在“特殊疑问代词＋不定式〞结构中，不定式往往与前面的疑问代词构成动宾关系，不定式结构用主动语态。(3)此类不定式短语作定语时，通常仅限于“介词＋which＋不定式〞结构。①Howtodividelaboramongtheworkersisstillaquestion.(作主语)这些工人之间如何分工仍是个问题。②Hetoldhismotherthatheneededtendollarswithwhichtobuyanewdictionary.(作定语)他对他妈妈说，他需要10美元买一本新字典。③Themostcompetentadultsarethosewhoknowhowtodo(do)this.(作宾语)(2023·天津高考·阅读理解C)最有能力的成年人是那些知道怎么样去做这一点的人。(教材P40)IhadasimilarexperiencethelasttimeIvisitedChina.上次我到中国参观时，也有同样的经历。表示时间的名词短语thelasttime相当于附属连词，引导时间状语从句。(1)名词短语作连词引导时间状语从句的还有thefirsttime，eachtime，anytime，nexttime，themoment，thesecond，theminute，theinstant，thehour，theday等。(2)以­ly结尾的副词，如directly，instantly，immediately也可以用来引导时间状语从句，意为“一……就……〞，相当于assoonas。①Themomenthegotoutoftheairport，thepopstarwassurroundedbyhisfans.这位著名的歌星一出飞机场，就被歌迷围了起来。②Icametoseeyouimmediately(immediate)Iheardthenews.我一听到这个消息，马上就来看你了。链接写作【导学号：33220236】一见到她我就告诉她这个消息。Iwilltellherthenewseq\b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(①assoonas,②themoment,③theminute,④theinstant,⑤immediately))Iseeher.[多角快练]——练单词练短语练句型————————————————(对应学生用书第89页)Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Theresearchcenterfounded50yearsagoisattachedtoafamousuniversity.2．Iavoidmeeting(meet)him，becauseIdon'tlikehim.3．Thequestionwehavetofaceishowtocross(cross)theriver.4．Hecouldn'tbearlosing/tolose(lose)themoneyforwhichhehadriskedhislife.5．Heisconsideringsellingtheoldhousethatbelongstohisgrandparentsandusingthemoneytostartabusinessofhisown.6．Thematterrelated(relate)topeople'shealthsurelyrequiresdealingwithcarefully.7．Irequestthatyou(should)attend(attend)themeetingontime.8．Havingsmoked(smoke)toomuch，hehassufferedfromlungcancer.Ⅱ.单句改错1．Wemustseetothatallpeopleareequalbeforethelaw.to后加it2．Whilemostofushavemethim，wearenottoofamiliartohim.to→with3．Hesoongotusedtoliveinadormitoryafterheentereduniversity.live→living4．Theyoungladyrushedintotheroomimmediatesheheardthenoise.immediate→immediately5．Amajorityofthewaterweuseeverydayaregroundwater.are→is6．Herequestedusnotsmokeintherestaurant.not后加to7．WherecanIexchangemyAmericanmoneywithforeignmoney?with→for8．Shewontheelectioninamajorityof73votes.in→with/by(对应学生用书第90页)Ⅰ.课文语法填空请根据Lesson4的课文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Australiaisan1.astonishing(astonish)landwithlotsofbeautifulplantsandstrangeanimals，2.wherepeopletakesports3.seriously(serious)，andtheylikebeing4.outdoors(outdoor)．Australia，withamixofdifferentculturesisatypicalmulti­culturalcountry5.withalotofimmigrants.The6.earliest(early)people，Aborigines，cametothecountryfromIndonesia50，000yearsago.Theyusedto7.live(live)