2023版高三英语一轮复习第1部分基础知识解读Unit21HumanBiology教师用书北师大版选修7

Unit21HumanBiology(对应学生用书第145页)[单词拼写应用]Ⅰ.考纲单词——会拼写、要识记1．doubtfuladj. 疑心的，不肯定的2．seekvt.寻找3．entryn. 进入；入学4．treatv. 款待5．rebuildvt.重建6．routinen. 常规；惯例7．teamworkn. 协作；配合8．weeklyadj.每周一次的9．deadlinen. 截止日期，最后日期10．declinevi.下降11．votevi.表决12．interval n. 间隔；间歇13．fundamental adj.根本的，根底的14．compulsory adj.强制性的，义务的15．controversial adj.有争议的16．contradict vt.与(其他事物)相矛盾17．ample adj.充足的，充裕的18．postpone vt.推迟，延期19．symptom n. 病症20．temporary adj.临时的；短暂的Ⅱ.派生单词——能区分1．toleratevt.容忍→tolerantadj.宽容的；容忍的→tolerancen. 容忍2．opposevt.反对→oppositeadj.相反的→oppositionn. 相反3．privilegen. 特权；优惠，优待→privilegedadj.荣幸的4．tryv. 试验n. 尝试→trialn. 实验5．prohibitvt.禁止→prohibitionn. 禁止；禁令6．unitevt.联合；团结；统一→unionn. 团结→unitedadj.团结的7．faithn. 信心→faithfuladj.忠诚的，忠实的；正确的，可靠的8．equipvt.使有准备→equipmentn. 装备；设备9．fortunen. 大笔钱财，巨款→fortunateadj.幸运的→misfortunen. 不幸10．concernn. 担忧；担忧→concernedadj.关心的，牵挂的；有关的→concerningprep. 关于11．annualadj.每年的，一年一次的，年度的→annuallyadv. 一年一次地，每年地，年度地12．prohibitvt.禁止→prohibitionn. 禁止；禁令→prohibitiveadj.禁止的13．submitvt.认为；提交→submissionn. 屈从，屈服；意见；提交→submissiveadj.服从的14．robvt.使丧失；抢劫→robbern. 抢劫犯→robberyn. 抢劫15．violatevt.违反，违背→violationn. 违反，违背Ⅲ.语境应用(用所给词的适当形式填空)1．Hertoleration(tolerate)ofhisbrazenattitudeisenoughtoshowhergreattolerance.2．Fromnowonanyviolation(violate)oftheregulationmustbecruellypunished.3．Tomorrowisthelastdateforsubmission(submit)ofentriesforthecompetition.4．Wheremoneyisconcerned(concern)，Ialwaystrytobeverycareful.5．Comparedwithothernewspapers，thisnewspapergaveafaithful(faith)accountoftheevent.6．Thestudentslivingfarawayfromtheschoolwerestronglyopposedtotheplan.Theiroppositionpreventedtheplanfrombeingcarriedout.(oppose)7．Asweallknow，anannualmeetingisheldannually．(annual)8．Severalrobbersrobbedthebankofanenormoussumofmoney，makingthelargestrobberyofthiscityinthelastdecade.Buttheyweresooncaughtbythepolice.(rob)[拓展联想]“annual〞相关形容词全扫描①minutely 每分钟的②hourly 每小时的③daily 每日的④weekly 每周的⑤monthly 每月的⑥quarterly 每季度的“oppose〞近/反义词大全①reject→object ②agree→disagree③agreement→disagreement ④approve→disapprove⑤approval→disapproval“财富〞相关名词小聚①fortune ②treasure③wealth ④possession⑤property聚焦“状况，情况〞相关名词①condition ②state③situation ④circumstance⑤status[短语多维应用]Ⅰ.短语回忆——会默写1．invain 徒然，白费力气2．atrandom 随便地，随意地3．atallcosts 不管多大代价；无论如何4．straightaway 立刻，马上5．wipeout 彻底消灭6．stopsth.initstracks 终止；消灭7．robsb.ofsth. 抢劫某人某物8．atanyrate 无论如何；至少9．getdownto 开始做10．bringup 教育；抚养；呕吐11．getthrough 通过(考试)；完成12．clearup 整理；解释；澄清；放晴13．putoff 推迟；延期14．missout 遗漏；遗忘；错过时机15．focuson 聚焦；集中；对准Ⅱ.语境应用(用上述短语的适当形式填空)1．Wewererespectfulofcraft(技艺)andfocusedondiggingintothecharactersweweregoingtoplay.(2023·全国卷Ⅱ)2．Theytriedtomakeherhappybutinvain．3．I'lljustreadthroughtheformagaintomakesureIhaven'tmissedanythingout．4．I'vemadeupmymindtoattainmypurposeatallcosts．5．Theyhavedecidedtoputoffhandingintheirreports.6．Hadtheboyworkedharder，hewouldhavegotthroughtheexams.7．Themarketresearchersinterviewedpeopleatrandominthestreet.8．It'snotaeasytaskforyoutobringupasmallchildonyourown.9．It'stimeIgotdowntothinkingaboutthatessay.10．Atanyratetherewillbenoweddingpresentsinheaven.11．Itisrainingnow，butIthinkitwillclearupsoon.12．Onlyinthiswaycanwewipeouttheenemytroops.[拓展联想]“开始/着手做某事〞短语精选①getdowntodoingsth.②setouttodosth.③setaboutdoingsth. ④settledowntosth.⑤start/begindoing/todosth.“立即，即刻〞短语全接触①atonce 立即②rightnow/away 立刻③straightaway 立刻，马上④innotime 立刻，马上⑤inaflash 即刻⑥inaninstant 立即；马上“clear〞短语荟萃①clearaway 把……清理出去，把……收拾整洁②clearoff 溜掉，离开③clearout 把……清理干净④clearup 解释；澄清；放晴[句式结构仿写]教材原句——会背诵句式仿写——能应用1.Itis＋adj.＋forsb.＋todo...句型Itiscompulsoryforwinnerstobetestedbutotherparticipantsareonlytestedatrandom.1.他这次或许能通过驾照考试。Itispossibleforhimtopassthedrivingtestthistime.2.ratherthan并列连词，表示“而不是〞TheOlympicspirit—thespiritofcompetitionwhichemphasisestakingpartratherthanwinning—hasbeenviolatedbythedesiretosucceedatallcosts.2.作为学生，我们应当通过努力学习而非考试作弊来取得好成绩。Asstudents，weshouldtrytogetgoodresultsbystudyinghardratherthancheatinginexams.3.Sb./Sth.bebelievedto...“某人或某物被认为……〞Havingkilledupto50millionpeoplein18months，withatendencytostriketheyoungandfitratherthantheold，theSpanishFluisbelievedtohavebeenthemostacuteepidemicinhistory.3.据说这本书已被翻译成了好几种外国语言。Thebookissaidtohavebeentranslatedintoseveralforeignlanguages.(对应学生用书第147页)精讲6个考纲单词seekvt.寻找；寻求；追求；探求；探索；试图[高考佳句]Whensomerefusevaccinationandseekafreeride，immunitybreaksdownandeveryoneisinevenbiggerdanger.(2023·北京高考)当一些人为占小廉价而拒绝接种疫苗时，免疫力出现问题而使大家甚至处在更危险的境地。seeksth.fromsb. 向某人请求/寻求某物seek(after/for)sb./sth. 追求/寻找某人/某物seekone'sfortune 寻找成功(致富)的时机seekout 找出；寻出seektodosth. 试图做某事①Manypeoplespendyearsseekingforpeaceofmind，oftenwithlittlesuccess.很多人年复一年地寻求心灵的平静，却很难如愿以偿。②Halfanhourlater，hesoughtouthisfriendinthecrowd.半小时后，他在人群中找到了他的朋友。③HewenttoseekhisfortunetoAmericalastyear.去年他去了美国去寻找致富之路。opposevt.&vi.反对；对抗[教材原句]Gene­therapyisverycontroversialandmanypeopleopposefurtherresearchintoit.基因疗法存在很大的争议，许多人反对进一步研究。(1)opposedoingsth. 反对做某事opposesb.'sdoingsth. 反对某人做某事(2)opposedadj.相反的；对立的beopposedto(doing)sth. 反对(做)某事；与(做)某事对立①MostofthestudentsopposehavingclassesonSundays.大局部学生反对星期天上课。②Ihavebeenconsistentlyopposedtofeeding(feed)ababyregularly.我一贯反对按时定期地喂养婴儿。prohibitv．(尤指以法令)禁止；阻止[教材原句]SincetheSARSepidemicended，scientistshavebeendoingtrialsontreatmentstoprohibitanyfutureoutbreaks.自从SARS流行病结束以来，科学家们一直在对治疗进行反复试验以阻止任何未来疫情的突然爆发。(1)prohibitdoingsth. 禁止/阻止做某事prohibitsb.fromdoingsth. 禁止某人做某事prohibit(one's)doingsth. 禁止(某人)做某事(2)prohibitionn. [U]禁止；[C]禁令aprohibitionagainst/on ……的禁令①Visitorsareprohibitedfromfeedingtheanimals.禁止游客喂食动物。②Itwasthebadweatherthatprohibitedtheirgoing(go)tothesciencemuseum.是糟糕的天气阻止了他们去参观科学博物馆。③Theyvotedinfavoroftheprohibition(prohibit)ofsmokinginpublicareas.他们投票赞成在公共场合禁止吸烟。链接写作【导学号：33220236】在公共场所随意吐痰是被禁止的。①Spittingfreelyinthepublicplacesisforbidden．②Spittingfreelyinthepublicplacesisprohibited．declinev．衰落，减少；下降；婉言谢绝n．衰落，衰败；减少，下降[高考佳句]Evenchimpmothersregularlydeclinetosharefoodwiththeirchildren.(2023·江苏高考·阅读理解B)甚至猩猩妈妈也经常拒绝与孩子分享食物。(1)declinetodo 拒绝做……(2)adeclinein 在……方面下降indecline/onthedecline 在衰退中，走下坡路fall/gointoadecline 开始衰落；陷入衰退①Thenumberofpeoplewhoruntheredlightisonthedeclinesincethenewtrafficregulationscameintoeffect.自从新的交通法规实施以来，闯红灯的人数下降了。②Theintensecompetitionfromoverseashascausedthecottonindustrytofallintoadecline.来自海外的剧烈竞争导致国内棉花产业的衰退。equipvt.使有准备；配备；装备[经典例句]Theboysequippedthemselveswithtorchesandrope，andsetoff.(牛津词典)男孩们带上火把和绳索出发了。(1)equip...with... 用……装备……equip...forsth./todosth. 为了……而装备……beequippedfor/todosth. 为……装备好；做好准备(2)equipmentn. 设备，设施apieceofequipment 一件设备①Hisworkexperienceequippedhimtodealwithallkindsofpeople.他的工作经验使他能与各种各样的人打交道。②Heisequippedwithmuchexperienceinteaching.他具有丰富的教学经验。③Mymotherboughtausefulpieceofequipment(equip)forthekitchenyesterday.昨天，妈妈买了一件有用的厨房设备。submitvt.提交；递交vi.服从，屈服[教材原句]Youweresupposedtosubmititonthe14thJune.你本应该在6月14日提交它(文章)。submit...to... 把……提交给……；向……提出submitsb./oneselfto 使某人/自己甘受/服从submitto 服从于，屈服于①Indesperation，Mrs.Jonessubmittedtoanoperationonherrightkneetorelievethepain.绝望之际，琼斯夫人只好同意在其右膝上做手术以减轻疼痛。②Ihaveaskedthathisproposalbesubmittedtoaspecialcommittee.我已经要求他的建议要提交给一个专门的委员会。[名师点津]在submit...to...中，submit是及物动词，意为“呈交〞；而在submitto中，submit是不及物动词，意为“服从〞。链接写作【导学号：33220237】战败的人们不得不服从新的统治者。①Thepeoplehadtosubmitthemselvestothenewrulerswhentheylostthewar.②Thepeoplehadtosubmittothenewrulerswhentheylostthewar.③Thepeoplehadtogiveintothenewrulerswhentheylostthewar.诠释2个核心短语atallcosts不惜代价地，无论如何[教材原句]TheOlympicspirit—thespiritofcompetitionwhichemphasisestakingpartratherthanwinning—hasbeenviolatedbythedesiretosucceedatallcosts.人们不惜任何代价来获胜的愿望违背了重在参与而不是获胜的奥林匹克精神。(1)atthecost/expenseof...以……为代价atacostof... 以……的费用/价格atanycost 以任何代价(2)costsb.sth. 花某人某物，使某人付出/丧失①Wemustcherishexperienceacquiredatthecostofourownblood.用我们自己的心血换来的经验我们必须珍惜。②Thenewbuilding'sgoingupatacostof$82million.修建这座新大楼要花费8200万美元。③Wearedeterminedtoobtainourrightsatanycost.我们决定要不惜一切代价获取我们的权利。wipeout彻底消灭；全部摧毁[教材原句]Epidemicscanwipeoutuptohalfofthepopulationinurbanareas.流行病可以消灭居住在城市的多达一半的人口。wipeaway 擦掉，去除掉wipesth.off/from... 从……上擦去某物wipedown/up 彻底揩/擦干净①Ihastilywipeddown/upthemilkIhadspilled.我连忙把洒出来的牛奶擦干净。②Yourarmsaremycastle；yourheartismysky.TheywipeofftearsthatIcry.你的手臂就是我的城堡，你的心就是我的天空。他们擦去我哭泣的眼泪。突破2个高考句型(教材P34)Itiscompulsoryforwinnerstobetestedbutotherparticipantsareonlytestedatrandom.获胜者要强制性地进行检查，而其他参与者只是随意地检查。Itiscompulsoryfor...为“Itis＋adj./n.＋forsb.todo...〞结构，其中it为形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式短语。(1)此结构中for前面的形容词是指事物怎么样，如impossible，important等。(2)Itis＋adj.＋ofsb.todo...中of前面的形容词是指人的性质或特征，如nice，kind等。①It'simportantforyoutoarrivethereontime.重要的是你们能准时到达那儿。②ItiscarelessofKatetolosesomanythings.凯特丢了这么多东西，真是太粗心了。链接写作【导学号：33220238】①(普通表达)Tomdroveafterdrinkingwine.Itwasdangerous.(高级表达)ItisdangerousforTomtodriveafterdrinkingwine.(it作形式主语)②(普通表达)Itispossibleforhimtofindhislostkey.(高级表达)Itispossiblethathewillfindhislostkey.(改为含有that从句的复合句)(教材P34)TheOlympicspirit—thespiritofcompetitionwhichemphasisestakingpartratherthanwinning—hasbeenviolatedbythedesiretosucceedatallcosts.人们不惜任何代价来获胜的愿望违背了重在参与而不是获胜的奥林匹克精神。ratherthan为并列连词，表示选择，意为“而不是〞，这一表达方式通常用在平行结构中，连接相同的句子成分，即ratherthan前后两局部在成分和形式上应该一致。(1)ratherthan连接两个名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词应与ratherthan前面的主语在人称和数上保持一致。(2)ratherthan常用于以下结构中，表示“宁愿做……而不愿做……〞。prefertodosth.ratherthandosth.＝preferdoingsth.todoingsth.＝woulddosth.ratherthandosth.①Ifyouareoneofthem，Iwouldsaytheonlywaytochangethingsisbydoingratherthancomplaining.如果你是他们中的一员，我想说改变事情的唯一方法是行动，而不是抱怨。②Wemustdogoodratherthanevil，onhoweverhumbleascale.(谚)勿因善小而不为，勿因恶小而为之。③Mary，ratherthanyou，is(be)responsibleforthework.是玛丽而不是你应对这项工作负责。④Iprefertodieratherthangiveintohim.＝Ipreferdyingtogivingin(givein)tohim.＝Iwoulddieratherthangiveintohim.我宁死也不向他屈服。(教材P34)Inthefuture，athleteswhohavetheirgeneschangedmightbeabletodothe100metresdashinjust8secondsorthemarathoninlessthantwohours.在将来，那些经过基因改变的运发动有可能在8秒内跑完100米或在不到两小时内跑完马拉松。havesth.done中过去分词作宾补，表示被动的含义，有时也可用getsth.done来替换，该结构的意思是“使某事被做〞，有时翻译成“请人做某事〞或“主语遭遇到某事〞。(1)havesb.dosth.让某人做某事(2)havesb./sth.doingsth.让某人一直做某事(某事处于某种状态)；用于否认句，have表示“容忍，容许〞之意。(3)havesth.todo有事要做，have意为“有〞。①IusuallyhavemyclotheswashedonSundays，butIdon'twashmyclothesmyself.我通常在星期天洗衣服，但不是自己洗。②Wehadthemachinemended(mend)justnow.我们刚刚请人把机器修好了。③You'dbetterhaveyourcarrunning(run)slowly.你最好把车子开慢点。[多角快练]——练单词练短语练句型————————————————(对应学生用书第149页)Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．It'spossibleforhimtoopenanewcompanyofhisown.2．Theyalwayslookforexcusestopostponedoing(do)something.3．IfBobhadcome(come)hereyesterday，hecouldhaveseenJackieChan.4．Icouldhaveworked(work)outtheproblem，butIwastoonervous.5．—Excuseme，whereisthenearestbank?—Gostraightahead；youcan'tmissit，whichisahugebuilding.6．Pleasedon'tspitorthrowrubbisheverywhereatrandom.7．Robbed(rob)ofhergoldnecklace，whichismeaningfultoher，shebecameunhappy.8．Nobodycantoleratebeingcheated(cheat)，andthat'swhyhehasnofriend.Ⅱ.单句改错1．Itwasreportedthatallchildrenhadphysicallyandemotionallyabused.had后加been2．Ialwayshavefaithhewillcometoourpartyinperson.faith后加that3．Theyareurgentlyseekingoutthepostswheretheyarewellpaid.out→after/for4．Nomatterhowhardthesituationis，youshouldnotloseyourheart.去掉your5．Tom，ratherthanyou，areresponsibleforthetask.are→is6．Itisniceforyoutogiveussomuchhelp.for→of7．Hemadefortuneinhisbusinesstradelastyear.made后加a8．Thankfully，thisisadiseasethatisnowinthedecline.in→on(对应学生用书第150页)Ⅰ.课文语法填空请根据Lesson1的课文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Now“cheating〞isusednotonlyinexamsbutalsoinsportsorgames.When1.referring(refer)to“cheating〞inthegames，wecome2.acrosstheissueofperformance­enhancingdrugs.Thesedrugsareoriginallydeveloped3.tohelp(help)peoplewithillnesses，butnowtheyalsocreatesupremeathletesmakingthemfasterandstrongerthanisnormalforhumanbeings.Takingthesedrugsisknownas“doping〞，4.whichcancauseserioushealthproblemsinlaterlifeforthosewhoabusethem，butsomeathletesseektoachievebeyondtheir5.natural(nature)limitsandarepreparedtocheattodoso.Thesportsworlddoesn'ttolerat