雅思阅读真题解析第1轮week3cambridge test

READINGPASSAGEYoushouldspendabout20minutesonQuestions1-13,whicharebasedonReadingPassage1below.EarlyChildhoodNewZealand'sNationalPartyspokesmanoneducation,DrLockwoodSmith,recentlyvisitedtheUSandBritain.HerehereportsonthefindingsofhisandwhattheycouldmeanforNewZealand'sA`EducationToBeMore'waspublishedlastAugust.ItwasthereportoftheNewZealandernment'sEarlyChildhoodCareandEducationWorkingGroup.Thereportarguedforenhancedequityofaccessandbetterfundingforchildcareandearlychildhoodeducationinstitutions.Unquestionably,that'sarealneed;butsinceparentsdon'tnormallysendchildrentopre-schoolsuntiltheageofthree,arewemissingoutonthemostimportantyearsofall?BA13-yearstudyofearlychildhooddevelopmentatHarvardUniversityhasshownthat,bytheageofthree,mostchildrenhavethepotentialtounderstandabout1000words—mostofthelanguagetheywilluseinordinaryconversationfortherestoftheirlives.Furthermore,researchhasshownthatwhileeverychildisbornwithanaturalcuriosity,itcanbesuppresseddramaticallyduringthesecondandthirdyearsoflife.Researchersclaimthatalityisformedduringthefirsttwoyearsoflife,——Q2andduringthefirstthreeyearschildrenlearnthebasicskillstheywilluseinalltheirlaterlearningbothathomeandat

Onceovertheageofthree,childrencontinuetoexpandonexistingknowledgeoftheworld.CItisgenerallyacknowledgedthatyoung backgroundstendtodolesswellinoureducationsystem.That'sobservednotjustinNewZealand,butalsoinAustralia,BritainandAmerica.Inanattemptto achievement,anationwideprogrammecalled'Headstart'waslaunchedintheUnitedStatesin1965.Alotofmoneywaspouredintoit.Ittookchildrenintopre-schoolinstitutionsattheageofthreeandwassupposedtohelpthechildrenofpoorerfamiliessucceedinDespitesubstantialfunding,resultshavebeendisappointing.Itisthoughtthattherearetwoexnationsfor—Q3First,theprogrammebegantooManychildrenwhoentereditattheageofthreewerealreadybehindtheirpeersinlanguageandmeasurableinligence.Second,theparentswerenotinvolved.Attheendofeachday,'Headstart'childrenreturnedtothesamedisadvantagedhomeDAsaresultofthegrowingresearchevidenceoftheimportanceofthefirstthreeyearsofachild'slifeandthedisappointingresultsfrom—Q7apilotprogrammewaslaunchedMissouriintheUSthatfocusedonparentsasthechild'sfirstteachers.The'Missouri'programmewaspredicatedonresearchshowingthatworkingwiththefamily,ratherthanbypassingtheparents,——Q8isthemosteffectivewayofhelchildrengetofftothebestpossiblestartinlife.Thefour-yearpilotstudyincluded380familieswhowereabouttohavetheirfirstchildandwhorepresentedacross-sectionofsocio-economicstatus,——Q5ageandfamilyconfigurations.Theyincludedsingle-parentandtwo-parentfamilies,familiesinwhichbothparentsworked,andfamilieswitheitherthemotherorfatherathome.——Q1 parent—educatorsvisitingtheparents'homeandworkingwiththeparent,orparents,andthechild.Informationonchilddevelopment,andguidanceonthingstolookforandexpectasthechildgrowswereprovided,plusguidanceinfosteringthechild'sinlectual,language, educationalandsensorydevelopment(hearingandvision)weremadetodetectpossiblehandicapsthatinterferewith problemswerereferredtoprofessionals.Parent-educatorsmade alvisitstohomesandmonthlygroupmeetingswereheldwithothernewparentstoshareexperienceanddiscusstopicsofinterest.Parentresourcecentres,locatedinschoolbuildings,offeredlearningmaterialsforfamiliesandfacilitatorsforchildcare.

EAttheageofthree,thechildrenwhohadbeeninvolvedinthe'Missouri'programmewereevaluatedalongsideacross-sectionofchildrenselectedfromthesamerangeofsocio-economicbackgroundsandfamilysituations,andalsoarandomsampleofchildrenthatage.Theresultswerephenomenal.Bytheageofthree,thechildrenintheprogrammeweresignificantlymoreadvancedinlanguagedevelopmentthantheirpeers,hadmadegreaterstridesinproblemsolvingandotherinlectualskills,andwerefurtheralonginsocialdevelopment.——Q11Infact,theaveragechildontheprogrammewasperformingatthelevelofthetop15to20percentoftheirpeersinsuchthingsasauditorycomprehension,verbalabilityandlanguageability.Mostimportantofall,thetraditionalmeasuresof'risk',suchasparents'ageandeducation,orwhethertheywereasingleparent,borelittleornorelationshiptothemeasuresof development.——Q12Childrenintheprogrammeperformedequallywellregardlessofsocio-economicdisadvantages.——Q4Childabusewasvirtuallyeliminated.Theonefactorthatwasfoundtoaffectthechild'sdevelopmentwasfamilystressleadingtoapoorqualityofparent-childinction.——Q13ThatinctionwasnotnecessarilybadinpoorerFTheseresearchfindingsareexciting.ThereisgrowingevidenceinNewZealandthatchildrenfrompoorereconomicbackgroundsarearrivingatschoollesswelldevelopedandthatourschoolsystemtendstoperpetuatethatdisadvantage.Theinitiativeoutlinedabovecouldbreakthatcycleofdisadvantage.Theconceptofworkingwithparentsintheirhomes,orattheirceofwork,contrastsquitemarkedlywiththereportoftheEarlyChildhoodCareandEducationWorking

Theirfocusisongettingchildrenand education.Educationfromtheageofthreetofiveisundoubtedlyvital,but educationandonthevitalimportanceofthefirstthreeyears,someevidenceindicatesthatitwillnotbeenoughtoeeducationalinequity.Questions1-ReadingPassage1hassixsections,A-WhichparagraphcontainsthefollowingWritethecorrectletterA-Finboxes1-4onyouranswerdetailsoftherangeoffamilytypesinvolvedinaneducation解析：通过rangeoffamilytypes(家庭类别范围)定位到D段，提到项目里的各种Theyincludedsingle-parentandtwo-parentfamilies,familiesinwhichbothparentsworked,andfamilieswitheitherthemotherorfatherathome.——Q1reasonswhyachild’searlyyearsaresoalityisformedduringthefirsttwoyearsoflife,——reasonswhyaneductaionprogrammeprogrammefaile（项目失败定位到C段resultshavebeenresultshavebeendisappointing.Itisthoughtthattherearetwo nationsfor—adescriptionofthe esofaneducation解析：通过解析：通过es（积极的结果）定位到F1Theseresearchfindingsareexciting.——Childrenintheprogrammeperformedequallywellregardlessofsocio-economicQuestions5-Classifythefollowingfeaturesasthe‘Headstart’the‘Missouri’boththe‘Headstart’andthe‘Missouri’neitherthe‘Headstart’northe‘Missouri’WritethecorrectletteroA,B,CorDinboxes5-10onyouranswerwasadministeredtoavarietyofpoorandwealthyHeadstartMissouriDavarietyofpoorandwealthyfamilies(贫穷和富裕的家庭)对应D段中的across-sectionofsocio-economicstatus（社会经济地位不同的。前面提到的项目是Missouri。Thefour-yearpilotstudyincluded380familieswhowereabouttohavetheirfirstchildandwhorepresentedacross-sectionofsocio-economicstatus,——Q53806withfollow-upassistanceinelementary解析：阅读整个Delementaryschools（小学。因此两个项目都没7didnotsucceedinits解析：题目说没有达成其目标，对应原文中的thedisappointingresultsfromthedisappointingresultsfrom'Headstart',——8dmanyformsofsupportandtrainingto解析：题目中说为家长提供多种形式的帮助和训练。这对应原文中ratherbypassingtheparents（而不是忽略了家长的问题。这个项目是MissouriThe'Missouri'programmewaspredicatedonresearchshowingthatworkingwiththefamily,ratherthanbypassingtheparents,——Q8解析：题目中 不足，但是通解析：题目中 不足，但是通读D段也未出wasdesignedtoimprovepre-schoolers’educationalHeadstart和Missouri。这两个项目都是为了提高学龄前儿童的教育发展问题，只Headstart没有关注父母，而Missouri同时关注了父母方面的问题。DothefollowingstatementsagreewiththeinformationgiveninReadingPassageInboxes11-13onyouranswersheet,TRUEifthestatementagreeswiththeinformationFALSEifthestatementcontradictstheinformationNOTGIVENifthereisnoinformationonthisMost‘Missouri’programmethree-year-oldsscoredhighlyinareassuchaslisteningspeaking,reasoningandin ctingwithothers.解析根据题目中的three-year-olds和Missouri定位到E段开头再根据speakingspeakingreasoningandEmoreadvancedinlanguagedevelopmentthantheirpeers,hadgreaterstridesinproblemsolvingandother lectualskills,andwerefurtherinsocialdevelopment（与同龄人相比，语言进步更大，解决问题能力更强，智Bytheageofthree,thechildrenintheprogrammeweresignificantlymoreadvancedinlanguagedevelopmentthantheirpeers,hadmadegreaterstridesinproblemsolvingandotherinlectualskills,andwerefurtheralonginsocial‘Missouri’programmechildrenofyoung,uneducated,cation,orwhethertheywereasingleparent,borelittleoreducation,orwhethertheywereasingleparent,borelittleornorelationshiptomeasuresofachievementandlanguagedevelopment（父母 、教育或者否为单亲对孩子成就的测定和语言的发展关系不大或毫无关系表述表述 parents'ageandeducation,orwhethertheywereasingleparent,borelittleornorelationshiptothemeasuresofachievementandlanguagedevelopment.——Q12父母的、教育或者是否为单亲对孩子成就的测定和语言的发展关系不大Thericherfamiliesinthe‘Missouri’programmehadhigherstress答案：NOT解析：通过stress定位到E2句。Theonefactorthatwasfoundtoaffectthechild'sdevelopmentwasfamilystressleadingtoapoorqualityofparent-childinction.（影响孩子发展的一个因素是家庭压力，这会导致父母与孩子之间交leadingtoapoorqualityofparent-child Theonefactorthatwasfoundleadingtoapoorqualityofparent-child READINGPASSAGEYoushouldspendabout20minutesonQuestions14-26,whicharebasedonReadingPassage2onthefollowingpages.Questions14-ReadingPassage2hassixparagraphs,A-ChoosethecorrectheadingforparagraphsBandD-Ffromthelistofheadingsbelow.Writethecorrectnumberi-viiiinboxes14-17onyouranswersheet.ListListof EffectsofirrigationonsedimentationIiThedangeroffloodingtheCairoareaIiiCausingpollutionintheMediterraneanIvInterruptingnaturalprocessVThethreattofoodVilessvaluablesedimentthanbeforeViiEgypt’sdisappearingcoastline lookingatthelong-termParagraphParagraph答案 Interruptingnatural解析：B段主要讲在建设了两座大坝后的变化对应iv选项中断自然过mostofthesedimentwithitsnaturalfertilizeraccumulatedupabovethedaminthesouthern，upstreamhalfofLakeNasser,insteadofpassingdowntothedelta．— ParagraphParagraph答案 Effectsofirrigationon解析：解析：Dirrigations（灌 后面又讲了灌溉后（沉淀物）的去向。答案为i：灌溉对沉淀物的影响verylittleofitactuallyreachesthecoastlinetore cewhatisbeingwashedawaybytheMediterraneancurrents．——Q15Paragraph答案 Thethreattofood解析：本题容易误选ii，因为看到文中出现ollutant就想选polutio，但是E段并未提到ditanan（地中海，所以ii错误。E段第一句说三角洲平原上的种植业以及咸水湖里的渔业和水产业在埃及的粮食供给方面占很大份额最后两句又提到各种 物质以及农业废物影响这农业和渔业的生产力，对应答案hethattofoodpodutin(对食物生产的 。 Thefarmsonthedelta insandfishingandaquacultureinthelagoonsaccountformuchofEgypt'sfoodsupply．——Q16三角洲平原上的种植业、以及咸水湖里的渔业和水产业在埃及的粮食供给方占很大份额Thesepoisonscaneasilyenterthefoodchain,affectingtheproductivityoffishingandfarming.Anotherproblemisthatagriculturalwastes——Q16这 Paragraph答案 lookingatthelong-term解析：根据F段第7行的impact（影响）得出答principallybecausetheyfeartheimpactthissituationcouldhaveonthewholeMediterraneancoastalecosystem.——Q17DisappearingThefertilelandoftheNiledeltais insomepartsestimatedat100metresperthecoastlinebythecurrentsoftheMediterraneanSeausedtobere cedbysedimentbroughtdowntothedeltabytheRiverNile，——Q18butthisisnolongerhappening．Uptonow,peoplehaveblamedthislossofdeltalandonthetwolargedamsaIAswaninthesouthofEgypt，whichholdbackvirtuallyallofthesedimentthatusedtoflowdowntheriver．Beforethedamswerebuilt，theNileflowed carrying sedimentnorthfromAfrica'sinteriortobedepositedontheNiledelta．Thisfor7,000years，eventuallycoveringaregionofover22,000square silt．Annualfloodingbroughtinnew,nutrient-richsoiltothedeltaregion，recingwhathadbeenwashedawaybythesea，anddispensingwiththeneedfor growingarea．ButwhentheAswandamswereconstructedinthe20thcenturytoprovideelectricityandirrigation，andtoprotectthehugepopulationcentreofCairoanditssurroundingareasfromannualfloodinganddrought，—Q20mostofthesedimentwithitsnaturalfertilizeraccumulatedupabovethedaminthesouthern，upstreamhalfofLakeNasser,insteadofpassingdownto

Now,however,thereturnsouttobemoretothestory．Itappearsthatthesediment-wateremergingfromtheAswandamspicksupsiltandsandasiterodestheriverbedandbanksonthe800-kilometretriptoCairo．Daniel StanleyoftheSmithsonianInstitutenoticedthatwatersamplestakeninCairo，justbeforetheriverentersthedelta，indicatedthattheriversometimescarriesmorethan850gramsofsedimentpercubicmetreofwater-almosthalfofwhatitcarriedbeforethedamswerebuilt．——Q21I'mashamedtosaythatsignificanceofthisdidn'tstrikemeuntilafterIhadread50or60studies，saysStanleyinMarineGeology．Thereisstillalotofsedimentcomingintothedelta，butvirtuallynosedimentcomesoutintotheMediterraneantoreplenishthecoastline．Sothissedimentmustbetrappedonthedeltaitself．OncenorthofCairo,mostoftheNilewaterisdivertedintomorethan10,000kilometresofirrigationcsandonlyasmallproportionreachestheseadirectlythroughtheriversinthedelta．Thewaterintheirrigationcsisstillorveryslow-movingandthuscannotcarrysediment，Stanleyexins．Thesedimentsinkstothebottomofthecsandthenisaddedtofieldsbyfarmersorpumpedwiththewaterintothefourlargefreshwaterlagoons——Q23thatarelocatednearouteredgesofthedelta．SoverylittleofitactuallyreachesthecoastlinetorecewhatisbeingwashedawaybytheMediterraneancurrents．——Q15

butprincipallybecausetheyfeartheimpactthissituationcouldhaveonthe ecosystem.——Q17Buttherearenoeasysolutions.IntheimmediateThefarmsontheins StanleybelievesThefarmsonthefishingandaquacultureinthelagoonsaccountformuchofEgypt'sfoodsupply．——Q16Butbythetimethesedimenthascometorestinthefieldsandlagoonsitisladenwithmunicipal，industrialandagriculturalwastefromtheCairoregion,whichishomeismore40millionpeople．’Pollutantsarebuildingupfasterandfaster,——Q24’saysStanley.Basedonhisinvestigationsofsedimentfromthedeltalagoons,FredericSiegelofGeorgeWashingtonUniversityconcurs.'InManzalahLagoon,forexample,theincreaseinmercury,lead,copperandzinccoincidedwiththebuildingoftheHighDamatAswan,theavailabilityofcheapelectricity,andthedevelopmentofmajorpower-basedindustries,'hesays.Sincethattimetheconcentrationofmercuryhasincreasedsignificantly.Leadfromenginesthatuseleadedfuelsandfromotherindustrialsourceshasalsoincreaseddramatically.Thesepoisonscaneasilyenterthefoodchain,affectingtheproductivityoffishingandfarming.Anotherproblemisthatagriculturalwastes——Q16includefertilizerswhichstimulateincreasesinntgrowthinthelagoonsandupsettheecologyofthearea,withseriouseffectsonthefishingindustry.AccordingtoSiegel,internationalenvironmentalorganisationsarebeginningtopaycloserattentiontotheregion,partlybecauseoftheproblemsoferosionandpollutionoftheNile

betomakeartificialfloods——Q25toflushoutthedeltawaterways,inthesamewaythatnaturalfloodsdidbeforetheconstructionofthedams.Hesays,however,thatinthelongtermanalternativeprocesssuchasdesalinationmayhavetobeusedtoincreasetheamountofwateravailable.——Q26'Inmyview,Egyptmustdeviseawaytohavemorewaterrunningthroughtheriverandthedelta,'saysStanley.Easiersaidthandoneinadesertregionwitharapidlygrowingpopulation.Questions18-DothefollowingstatementsreflecttheclaimsofthewriterinReadingPassageInboxes18-23onyouranswersheet, ifthestatementreflectstheclaimsofthe ifthestatementcontradictstheclaimsoftheNOT ifitisimpossibletosaywhatthewriterthinksaboutCoastalerosionoccurredalongEgypt’sMediterraneancoastbeforethebuildingoftheAswandams.解析：本题注意定位词要选取Egypt’sMediterraneancoast（埃及的地中海岸同时要将beforethebuildingoftheAswandams（在阿斯旺大坝建立之前）同义转换为inthepast（过去对应A段第5行。引文如果直接通过beforethebuildingoftheAswandams定位到B段第6行的Beforethedamswerebuilt（在大坝建立前）无法判断题目。A段中说，过去，被地中海水流冲走的海岸线上的土壤会由尼罗 Inthepast，landscouredawayfromthecoastlinebythecurrentsoftheMediterraneanSeausedtoberecedbysedimentbroughtdowntothedeltabytheRiver—SomepeoplepredictedthattheAswandamswouldcauselandlossbeforetheywere答案：NOTTheAswandamswerebuilttoincreasethefertilityoftheNileAswandamswereconstructedinthe20thcenturytoprovideelectricityandirrigation，andtoprotectthehugepopulationcentreofCairoanditssurroundingareasfromannualfloodinganddrought（20世Aswandamswereconstructedinthe20thcenturytoprovideelectricityandandtoprotectthehugepopulationcentreofCairoanditssurroundingareasfromannualfloodinganddrought——Q2020StanleyfoundthatthelevelsofsedimentintheriverwaterinCairowererelatively850）而解析：通过StanleyC段，题目中说Stanley发现开罗的河水含沉淀物的量相对较高，这与原文中的表述DanielnStanleyoftheSmithsonianInstitutenoticedthatwatersamplestakeninCairo，justbeforetheriverentersthedelta，indicatedthattheriversometimescarriesmorethan850gramsofsedimentpercubicmetreofwater-almosthalfofwhatitcarriedbeforethedamswerebuilt850）而DanielnStanleyoftheSmithsonianInstitutenoticedthatwatersamplestakeninCairo，justbeforetheriverentersthedelta，indicatedthattheriversometimescarriesmorethan850gramsofsedimentpercubicmetreofwater-almosthalfofwhatitcarriedbeforethedamswerebuilt．——Q21来 学会 发现在河流进入三角洲之前从开罗提取的水体样本SedimentintheirrigationcsontheNiledeltacauses答案：NOT解析：通过解析：通过irrigation s灌flooding，其它段落又没有irrigationDDWaterispumpedfromtheirrigation sintothe解析通过irrigationc s定位到D段再由pump定位到pumpedwiththewaterintothefourlargefreshwaterlagoons，题目与原文表述一致。pumpedwiththewaterintothefourlargefreshwaterlagoons——Questions24-CompletethesummaryofparagraphsEandFwiththelistofwordsA-HWritethecorrectletterA-Hinboxes24-26onyouranswerAartificialBCdeltaDnaturalEFGpopulationHInadditiontotheproblemofcoastalerosion,therehasbeenamarkedincreaseinthelevelof24 containedinthesiltdepositedintheNiledelta.答案：FE、Fincrease（增加）E段中的buildingupfasterandfaster（累积地越来越快，找到主语为pollutants。Pollutantsarebuildingupfasterandfaster,——Q24Todealwiththis,Stanleysuggeststheuseof intheshortterm,increasingtheamountofwateravailablethrough inthelonger答案：Aartificial解析：通过Stanley定位到F段，原文中说IntheimmediatefutureStanleybelievesthatonesolutionwouldbetomakeartificialfloods（近期，认为解决方案是近期 认为解决方案是制造人工洪水Intheimmediatefuture,Stanleybelievesthatonesolutionwouldbetomakeartificial近期 认为解决方案是制造人工洪水答案 解析：通过wateravailable和inthelongertime定位到原文inthelongtermanalternativeprocesssuchasdesalinationmayhavetobeusedtoincreasetheamountofwateravailable.（从长远看，脱盐这样的替代过程可能会被用于增加现有水量）题目中的through（通过后面应当接一种 这就对应了原文中的desalination（脱盐作用inthelongtermanalternativeprocesssuchasdesalinationmayhavetobeusedtoincreasetheamountofwateravailable.——Q26READINGPASSAGEYoushouldspendabout20minutesonQuestions27-40,whicharebasedonReadingPassage3below.TheReturnofArtificial Itis ingacceptableagaintotalkofcomputersperforminghumantaskssuchasproblem-solvingandpattern-recognitionAfteryearsinthewilderness,theterm'artificialinligence'(AI)seemspoisedtomakeacomeback.AIwasbiginthe1980sbutvanishedinthe1990s.Itre-enteredpublicconsciousnesswiththereleaseofAI,amovieaboutarobotboy.ThishasignitedpublicdebateaboutAI,——Q29butthetermisalsobeingusedoncemorewithinthecomputerindustry.Researchers,executivesandmarketingpeoplearenowusingtheexpressionwithoutironyorinvertedcommas.Anditisnotalwayshype.Thetermisbeingapplied,withsomejustification,toproductsthatdependontechnologythatwasoriginallydevelopedbyAIresearchers.Admittedly,therehabilitationofthetermhasalongwaytogo,andsomefirmsstillprefertoavoidusingit.ButthefactthatothersarestartingtouseitagainsuggeststhatAIhasmovedonfrombeingseenasanover-ambitiousandunder-achievingfieldofresearch.Thefieldwaslaunched,andtheterm'artificialinligence'coined,ataconferencein1956,——Q31byagroupofresearchersthatincludedMarvinMinsky,JohnMcCarthy,HerbertSimonandAlanNewell,allofwhomwentonto eleadingfiguresinthefield.Theexpressionprovidedanattractivebutinformativenameforaresearchprogrammethatpassedsuchpreviouslydisparatefieldsasoperationsresearch,cybernetics,logicandcomputerscience.——Q28Thegoaltheysharedwasanattempttocaptureormimichumanabilitiesusingmachines.Thatsaid,differentgroupsofresearchersattackeddifferentproblems,fromspeechrecognitiontochessying,indifferentways;AIunifiedthefieldinnameonly.Butitwasatermthatcapturedthepublicimagination.MostresearchersagreethatAIpeakedaround1985.——Q33Apublicrearedonscience-fictionmoviesandexcitedbythegrowingpowerofcomputershadhighexpectations.ForyearsAIresearchershadimpliedthatabreakthroughwasjustaroundthecornerMarvinMinskysaidin1967thatwithinagenerationtheproblemofcreating'artificialinligence'wouldbesubstantiallysolved.Prototypesofmedical-diagnosisprogramsandspeechrecognitionsoftwareappearedtobemakingprogress.Itprovedtobeafalsedawn.Thinkingcomputersandhouseholdrobotsfailedtomaterialise,andabacklashensued.'Therewasundueoptimismintheearly1980s,"saysDavidLeake,aresearcheratnaUniversity.'Thenwhenpeoplerealisedthesewerehardproblems,therewasretrenent.Bythelate1980s,thetermAIwasbeingavoidedbymanyresearchers,whooptedinsteadtoalignthemselveswithspecificsub-disciplinessuchasneuralnetworksagenttechnologycase-basedreasoningandsoon."——Q34、Ironically,insomewaysAIwasavictimofitsownsuccess.——Q35Wheneveranapparentlymundaneproblemwassolved,suchasbuildingasystemthatcouldlandanaircraftunattended,theproblemwasdeemednottohavebeenAIinthefirstce.'Ifitworks,itcan'tbeAI,"asDrLeakecharacterisesit.Theeffectofrepeatedlymovingthegoal-postsinthiswaywasthatAIcametoreferto'blue-sky'researchthatwasstillyearsawayfromcommercialisation.——Q39ResearchersjokedthatAIstoodfor'almostimplemented'.Meanwhile,thethatmadeitontothemarket,suchasspeechrecognition,languagetranslationanddecision-supportsoftware,werenolongerregardedasAI.YetallthreeoncefellwellwithintheumbrellaofAIresearch.Butthetidemaynowbeturning,accordingtoDrLeake.HNCSoftwareofSanDiego,backedbyaernmentagency,reckonthattheirnewapproachtoartificialinligenceisthemostpowerfulandpromisingapproacheverdiscovered.HNCclaimthattheirsystem,basedonaclusterof30processors,couldbeusedtospotcamouflagedvehiclesonabattlefield——Q27orextractavoicesignalfromanoisybackground—taskshumanscandowell,butcomputerscannot'Whetherornottheirtechnologylivesuptotheclaimsmadeforit,thefactthatHNCareemphasisingtheuseofAIisitselfaninterestingdevelopment,'saysDrLeake.AnotherfactorthatmayboosttheprospectsforAIinthenearfutureisthatinvestorsarenowlookingforfirmsusingclevertechnology,ratherthanjustacleverbusinessmodel,todifferentiatethemselves.——Q40Inparticular,theproblemofinformationoverload,exacerbatedbythegrowthofe-mailandtheexplosioninthenumberofwebpages,meansthereareplentyofopportunitiesfornew helpfilterandcategoriseinformation——Q30—classicAIproblems.Thatmaymeanthatmoreartificialinligencecompanieswillstarttoemergetomeetthischallenge.The1969film,2001:ASpaceOdyssey,featuredaninligentcomputercalledHAL9000.AswellasunderstandingandspeakingEnglish,HALcouldychessandevenlearnedtolipread.HALthusencapsulatedtheoptimismofthe1960sthatinligentcomputerswouldbewidespreadby2001.——Q37But2001hasbeenandgone,andthereisstillnosignofaHAL-likecomputer.Individualsystemscanychessortranscribespeech,butageneraltheoryofmachineinligencestillremainselusive.Itmaybe,however,thatthecomparisonwithHALnolongerseemsquitesoimportant,andAIcannowbejudgedbywhatitcando,ratherthanbyhowwellitmatchesuptoa30-year-oldscience-fictionfilm.'Peoplearebeginningtorealisethatthereareimpressivethingsthatthesesystemscando.’——Q36saysDrLeakeQuestions27-ReadingPassage3hassevenparagraphs,A-WhichparagraphcontainsthefollowingWritethecorrectletterA-Ginboxes27-31onyouranswerNBYoumayuseanylettermorethanhowAImighthaveamilitary解析：通过militaryimpact（军事影响）定位到E5行的battlefield（战场。couldbeusedtospotcamouflagedvehiclesonabattlefield——Q27于发于发 的车辆thefactthatAIbringstogetherarangeofseparateresearchseparateresearchareas（分散的研究领域定位到B段的disparate（不同的领域。这句的主语Theexpression（这个表述）指的就是前面提到的artificialin passedsuchpreviouslydisparatefieldsasoperationsresearch,cybernetics,logicandcomputerscience.——Q28thereasonwhyAI eacommontopicofconversation解析：根据题目中的common解析：根据题目中的commontopicofconversationagain（再次成为公众话题）位到A段中的ThishasignitedpublicdebateaboutAI（ 了公众对AI的讨AIAIAIAIAIhowAIcouldhelpdealwithdifficultiesrelatedtotheamountofinformationavailableelectronically解析：通过difficultiesrelatedtotheamountofinformationavailable（与电子信息量相关的（与电子信息量相关的 ）定位到F段中的theproblemoftheproblemofinformationoverload,exacerbatedbythegrowthofe-mailandtheexplosioninthenumberofwebpages,meansthereareplentyofopportunitiesfor tohelpfilterandcategoriseinformation——Q30由于电子邮件的发展以及网页数量 味着新技术 机会帮助过滤即分类信息wheretheexpressionAIwasfirst解析题目说AI的表述是在哪里第一次使用的B段第1句中直接提到说，theterm'artificialinligence'coined,ataconferencein1956,（人工智能这一术语1956）thetheterm'artificial ligence'coined,ataconferencein1956,——1956Questions32-DothefollowingstatementsagreewiththeinformationgiveninReadingPassageInboxes32-37onyouranswersheet, ifthestatementagreeswiththeinformation ifthestatementcontradictstheinformationNOTGIVEN ifthereisnoinformationaboutthisTheresearcherswholaunchedthefieldofAIhadworkedtogetheronotherprojectsinthepast.答案：NOTAI领域的研究人员曾在其它项目上合作过。查找原文并没In1985,AIwasatitslowest1985C1MostresearchersagreethatAIpeakedaround1985（AI1985年左右到达顶峰。MostresearchersagreethatAIpeakedaround1985.——AI1985Researchintoagenttechnologywasmorecostlythanresearchintoneural答案：NOT解析：通过agenttechnology（ 技术）和neuralnetworks（神经系统）定