六、托福阅读反细节题

托福强化阅读教程Section6–NegativeFactualInformationQuestionsSection6反细节题一、提问方式Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisNOTtrueofX?Theauthor’sdescriptionofXmentionsallofthefollowingEXCEPTSection6反细节题二、能力匹配1、寻读能力（scanning）2、同义改写的识别能力Section6反细节题三、解题步骤1、提取题干定位词，找到文中列举处2、在原文中每对应一处，草稿纸上对应删除一个选项代号Section6反细节题四、正确选项特点1、文中没有对应处的选项2、与文中对应处信息矛盾的选项Section6反细节题五、题目规律1、局部反细节题1）短语式列举

在一句话中，用逗号隔开的若干个名词或名词短语构成的并列选项1）短语式列举AllofthefollowingarefactorsthatcancauseskincancerEXCEPTexposuretox-rayssunblisteringfamilyhistoryofskincancersunavoidanceSection6反细节题1）短语式列举AllofthefollowingarefactorsthatcancauseskincancerEXCEPTexposuretox-rayssunblisteringfamilyhistoryofskincancersunavoidanceSection6反细节题1）短语式列举AllofthefollowingarefactorsthatcancauseskincancerEXCEPTexposuretox-rayssunblisteringfamilyhistoryofskincancersunavoidanceSection6反细节题原句：

Theprincipalcauseofskincancerisoverexposuretosunlight,accordingtomostmedicalexperts.Chronicsunexposure—especiallywhenitcausessunburnorblistering—resultsinmoreskincancerthandoesanyotherriskfactor,includingexposuretox-raysandafamilyhistoryofthedisease.Section6反细节题原句：

Theprincipalcauseofskincancerisoverexposuretosunlight,accordingtomostmedicalexperts.Chronicsunexposure—especiallywhenitcausessunburnorblistering—resultsinmoreskincancerthandoesanyotherriskfactor,includingexposuretox-raysandafamilyhistoryofthedisease.Section6反细节题1）短语式列举AllofthefollowingarefactorsthatcancauseskincancerEXCEPTexposuretox-rayssunblisteringfamilyhistoryofskincancersunavoidanceSection6反细节题1）短语式列举AllofthefollowingarefactorsthatcancauseskincancerEXCEPTexposuretox-rayssunblisteringfamilyhistoryofskincancersunavoidanceSection6反细节题Section6反细节题五、题目规律1、局部反细节题

1）短语式列举

在一句话内部，用逗号隔开的若干个名词或名词短语构成的并列选项

2）句子式列举

几个相邻的并列句构成的并列选项2）句子式列举ThepassagementionsallthefollowingasaspectsofdramaEXCEPTwearingcostumesperformingbeforeanaudiencewritingdialogueforcharactersnarratingastorySection6反细节题2）句子式列举ThepassagementionsallthefollowingasaspectsofdramaEXCEPTwearingcostumesperformingbeforeanaudiencewritingdialogueforcharactersnarratingastorySection6反细节题原句：

Animportantelementofdramaisthatitisapresentationbyperformersinfrontofanaudience—forexample,…Anotheraspectiscostumes,suchas….Moreover,dramainvolvesstorytelling—recitationofmyths…Sometimesthestorytellerimitatesthecharactersinthestorybychanginghisorhervoicefordifferentcharacters.Section6反细节题原句：

Animportantelementofdramaisthatitisapresentationbyperformersinfrontofanaudience—forexample,…Anotheraspectiscostumes,suchas….Moreover,dramainvolvesstorytelling—recitationofmyths…Sometimesthestorytellerimitatesthecharactersinthestorybychanginghisorhervoicefordifferentcharacters.Section6反细节题2）句子式列举ThepassagementionsallthefollowingasaspectsofdramaEXCEPTwearingcostumesperformingbeforeanaudiencewritingdialogueforcharactersnarratingastorySection6反细节题2）句子式列举ThepassagementionsallthefollowingasaspectsofdramaEXCEPTwearingcostumesperformingbeforeanaudiencewritingdialogueforcharactersnarratingastorySection6反细节题2）句子式列举AllofthefollowingaregivenasreasonsforthenecessityofpoliticalpartiesEXCEPTInfluencingpopularopinionthroughthemediaisalargeandcomplexjob.Itisdifficulttoinformvotersaboutthevarietyofimportantissues.Buildingnation-widesupportistooexpensiveforindividualcandidates.Votersprefercandidatesthatexpressthevaluesofanestablishedparty.Section6反细节题2）句子式列举AllofthefollowingaregivenasreasonsforthenecessityofpoliticalpartiesEXCEPTInfluencingpopularopinionthroughthemediaisalargeandcomplexjob.Itisdifficulttoinformvotersaboutthevarietyofimportantissues.Buildingnation-widesupportistooexpensiveforindividualcandidates.Votersprefercandidatesthatexpressthevaluesofanestablishedparty.Section6反细节题AllofthefollowingaregivenasreasonsforthenecessityofpoliticalpartiesEXCEPTInfluencingpopularopinionthroughthemediaisalargeandcomplexjob.Itisdifficulttoinformvotersaboutthevarietyofimportantissues.Buildingnation-widesupportistooexpensiveforindividualcandidates.Votersprefercandidatesthatexpressthevaluesofanestablishedparty.Section6反细节题AllofthefollowingaregivenasreasonsforthenecessityofpoliticalpartiesEXCEPTInfluencingpopularopinionthroughthemediaisalargeandcomplexjob.Itisdifficulttoinformvotersaboutthevarietyofimportantissues.Buildingnation-widesupportistooexpensiveforindividualcandidates.Votersprefercandidatesthatexpressthevaluesofanestablishedparty.Section6反细节题原句：

Politicalpartiesarenecessary….Thisisbecausethevarietyofissues….Thejobofinfluencingpopularopinion…Buildingpoliticalsupportonanation-widescalecarriesahighcost,anditrequiresnationallyorganizedandwell-financedparties.Section6反细节题原句：

Politicalpartiesarenecessary….Thisisbecausethevarietyofissues….Thejobofinfluencingpopularopinion…Buildingpoliticalsupportonanation-widescalecarriesahighcost,anditrequiresnationallyorganizedandwell-financedparties.Section6反细节题AllofthefollowingaregivenasreasonsforthenecessityofpoliticalpartiesEXCEPTInfluencingpopularopinionthroughthemediaisalargeandcomplexjob.Itisdifficulttoinformvotersaboutthevarietyofimportantissues.Buildingnation-widesupportistooexpensiveforindividualcandidates.Votersprefercandidatesthatexpressthevaluesofanestablishedparty.Section6反细节题AllofthefollowingaregivenasreasonsforthenecessityofpoliticalpartiesEXCEPTInfluencingpopularopinionthroughthemediaisalargeandcomplexjob.Itisdifficulttoinformvotersaboutthevarietyofimportantissues.Buildingnation-widesupportistooexpensiveforindividualcandidates.Votersprefercandidatesthatexpressthevaluesofanestablishedparty.Section6反细节题Section6反细节题五、题目规律1、局部反细节题

1）短语式列举

在一句话内部，用逗号隔开的若干个名词或名词短语构成的并列选项2）句子式列举

几个相邻的并列句构成的并列选项

3）对应式列举

相邻句子中的非并列成分构成的选项3）对应式列举OGP80-11.Accordingtoparagraph1,allofthefollowingweretrueofviewingfilmsinKinetoscopeparlorsEXCEPTOneindividualatatimeviewedafilm.Customerscouldviewonefilmafteranother.Prizefightswerethemostpopularsubjectsforfilms.Eachfilmwasshort.Section6反细节题3）对应式列举OGP80-11.Accordingtoparagraph1,allofthefollowingweretrueofviewingfilmsinKinetoscopeparlorsEXCEPTOneindividualatatimeviewedafilm.Customerscouldviewonefilmafteranother.Prizefightswerethemostpopularsubjectsforfilms.Eachfilmwasshort.Section6反细节题OGP80-11.Accordingtoparagraph1,allofthefollowingweretrueofviewingfilmsinKinetoscopeparlorsEXCEPTOneindividualatatimeviewedafilm.Customerscouldviewonefilmafteranother.Prizefightswerethemostpopularsubjectsforfilms.Eachfilmwasshort.Section6反细节题OGP80-11.Accordingtoparagraph1,allofthefollowingweretrueofviewingfilmsinKinetoscopeparlorsEXCEPTOne

individualatatimevieweda

film.Customerscouldviewonefilmafteranother.Prizefightswerethemostpopularsubjectsforfilms.Eachfilmwasshort.Section6反细节题OGP80-1原句：

ItwasdesignedforuseinKinetoscopeparlors,orarcades,whichcontainedonlyafewindividualmachinesandpermittedonlyonecustomertoviewashort,50-footfilmatanyonetime.….,customersmovedfrommachinetomachinetowatchfivedifferentfilms(or,inthecaseoffamousprizefights,successiveroundsofasinglefight).Section6反细节题OGP80-1原句：

ItwasdesignedforuseinKinetoscopeparlors,orarcades,whichcontainedonlyafewindividualmachinesandpermittedonlyonecustomer

toviewashort,50-footfilmatanyonetime.….,customersmovedfrommachinetomachinetowatchfivedifferentfilms

(or,inthecaseoffamousprizefights,successiveroundsofasinglefight).Section6反细节题OGP80-11.Accordingtoparagraph1,allofthefollowingweretrueofviewingfilmsinKinetoscopeparlorsEXCEPTOneindividualatatimeviewedafilm.Customerscouldviewonefilmafteranother.Prizefightswerethemostpopularsubjectsforfilms.Eachfilmwasshort.Section6反细节题OGP80-11.Accordingtoparagraph1,allofthefollowingweretrueofviewingfilmsinKinetoscopeparlorsEXCEPTOneindividualatatimeviewedafilm.Customerscouldviewonefilmafteranother.Prizefightswerethemostpopularsubjectsforfilms.Eachfilmwasshort.Section6反细节题3）对应式列举OGP93-99.Accordingtothecognitiveapproachdescribedinparagraph7and8,allofthefollowingmayinfluencethedecisionwhethertoactaggressivelyEXCEPTaperson’smoralvaluespreviousexperiencewithaggressioninstincttoavoidaggressionbeliefsaboutotherpeople’sintentionsSection6反细节题3）对应式列举OGP93-99.Accordingtothecognitiveapproachdescribedinparagraph7and8,allofthefollowingmayinfluencethedecisionwhethertoactaggressivelyEXCEPTaperson’smoralvaluespreviousexperiencewithaggressioninstincttoavoidaggressionbeliefsaboutotherpeople’sintentionsSection6反细节题OGP93-99.Accordingtothecognitiveapproachdescribedinparagraph7and8,allofthefollowingmayinfluencethedecisionwhethertoactaggressivelyEXCEPTaperson’smoralvaluespreviousexperiencewithaggressioninstincttoavoidaggressionbeliefsaboutotherpeople’sintentionsSection6反细节题OGP93-9原句：Paragraph7

Cognitivepsychologistsassertthatourbehaviorisinfluencedbyourvalues,…Forexample,….(第八题定位)Section6反细节题OGP93-9原句：Paragraph8

…Peopledecidewhethertheywillactaggressivelyornotonthebasisfactorssuchastheirexperienceswithaggressionandtheirinterpretationofotherpeople’smotives.Section6反细节题OGP93-9原句：Paragraph8

…Peopledecidewhethertheywillactaggressivelyornotonthebasisfactorssuchastheirexperienceswithaggressionandtheirinterpretationofotherpeople’smotives.

motives--intentionsinterpretation—belief

Section6反细节题OGP93-99.Accordingtothecognitiveapproachdescribedinparagraph7and8,allofthefollowingmayinfluencethedecisionwhethertoactaggressivelyEXCEPTaperson’smoralvaluespreviousexperiencewithaggressioninstincttoavoidaggressionbeliefsaboutotherpeople’sintentionsSection6反细节题OGP93-99.Accordingtothecognitiveapproachdescribedinparagraph7and8,allofthefollowingmayinfluencethedecisionwhethertoactaggressivelyEXCEPTaperson’smoralvalues(Paragraph7)previousexperiencewithaggressioninstincttoavoidaggressionbeliefsaboutotherpeople’sintentionsSection6反细节题Section6反细节题五、题目规律2、全局反细节题

得分要点：1）根据已做题目排除选项2）尽量将完成次序向后延3）一箭双雕为主表题铺路2、全局反细节题OGP72-99.AllofthefollowingarementionedinthepassageascontributingtodesertificationEXCEPTsoilerosionglobalwarminginsufficientirrigationtheraisingoflivestockSection6反细节题OGP72-9原句：Paragraph2

Desertificationisaccomplishedprimarilythroughthelossofstabilizingnaturalvegetationandthesubsequentacceleratederosionofthesoil

bywindandwater.Insomecasestheloosesoilisblowncompletelyaway,leavingastonysurface.Inothercases,thefinerparticlesmayberemoved,whilethesand-sizedparticlesareaccumulatedtoformmobilehillsorridgesofsand.Section6反细节题OGP72-9原句：Paragraph4

Insomeregions,theincreaseindesertareasisoccurringlargelyastheresultofatrendtowarddrierclimateconditions.Continuedgradualg