新概念英语第二册笔记-第88课

33）adj.外表的困在矿井里Lesson88Trappedinamine困在矿井里[Text]Sixmenhavebeentrappedinamineforseventeenhours.Iftheyarenotbroughttothesurfacesoontheymaylosetheirlives.However ,rescueoperationsareprovingdifficult.Ifexplosivesareused,vibrationswillcausetheroofoftheminetocollapse.Rescueworkersarethereforedrillingaholeonthenorthsideofthemine.Theyintendtobringthemenupinaspecialcapsule.Iftherehadnotbeenahardlayerofrockbeneaththesoil,theywouldhavecompletedthejobinafewhours.Asitis,theyhavebeendrillingforsixteenhoursandtheystillhavealongwaytogo.Meanwhile,amicrophone,whichwasloweredintotheminetwohoursago,hasenabledthementokeepintouchwiththeirclosestrelatives.Thoughtheyarerunningoutoffoodanddrink,themenarecheerfulandconfidentthattheywillgetoutsoon.Theyhavebeentoldthatrescueoperationsareprogressingsmoothly.Iftheyknewhowdifficultitwastodrillthroughthehardrock,theywouldloseheart.【课文翻译】6个人被困在矿井里已有 17个小时了。如果不把 他们尽快救到地面上来，他们就有可能丧生。然而，事实证明营救工作非常困难。如果用炸药爆破，震动会引起矿顶塌落。因此，营救人员在矿井的北侧钻了一个洞。他们准备用一种特制的容器把这 6个人救上来。如果不是因为土壤下面有一层坚硬的岩石， 他们的营救工作仅用几个小时就可以完成了。实际情况是，他们已连 续钻了16个小时了，但离钻透还早着呢。与此同时，两个小时以前放下井去的一只麦克风使井下的人可以与其亲属保持联系。 虽然他们的食物和饮料都快消耗尽了， 但这些人的心情很好，坚信他们很快就会出去。他们一直被告知营救工作进行得非常顺利。 如果他们知道了钻透那坚硬的岩石有多么困难，他们会丧失信心的。Newwordsandexpressions 生词和短语trapv.陷入，使陷于困境surfacen.地面，表面explosiven.炸药vibrationn.震动collapsev.坍塌drillv.钻孔capsulen.容器layern.层、层次beneathprep.在 之下lowerv.放下，降低progressv.进展，进行smoothlyadv.顺利地【生词讲解】trap）v.陷入，使陷于困境eg：Hewastrappedinthegamepreserve.他被困在禁猎区。inthegamepreserve在禁猎区eg:Help!I'mtrapped.Openthedoor!救命啊，我出不来了。开门！eg:Theyweretrappedintheburninghotel.他们被困在着火的旅馆里。）v.将（某人）诱入圈套、诱骗（某人）trapsbintodoing诱使某人做某事eg：Theytrappedherintomarringhim.他们又骗她嫁给了他。eg：IwastrappedintotellingthepoliceallIknew.我中计了，把所有知道的一切全告诉了警察）n.（捕鸟、兽等用的）圈套、陷阱abearcaughtinatrap熊陷入陷阱setatrapformouse=setamousetrap设（陷阱）；张（罗网）；扬（帆），钩住）n.诡计、圈套、策略eg：Hefellintoatrap.他掉进了陷阱surface） n.地面，表面asmoothsurface光滑的表面） n.外表、外观lookonlyatthesurfaceofthings 只看事情的表面onthesurface表面上的、外观上的friendshiponthesurface 表面上的友谊eg：Youlookedsatisfiedonthesurfacethen.那个时候你看起来表面上很满足。surfacedifferences表面上的差异surfacekindness表面上的好心短语：surfacemail陆（水）路邮件、普通邮件（相反的airmail）sendaletterbysurfacemail 寄普通邮件explosive）n.炸药highexplosive强力炸药）adj.爆发的、爆发性的anexplosivesubstance爆炸物explosionn.）爆发、爆裂、爆炸声agasexplosion瓦斯爆炸）爆发anexplosionoflaughter爆发出笑声explodev.）（炸药、煤气等）爆炸事件eg：Theheatexplodedthecorkedbottle.热气使塞住的瓶子爆炸了。）（因生气、笑等）使（感情）爆发、（感情）爆发eg：Heexplodedinanger.勃然大怒eg：Hisjealousyexplodedwhenshekissedanotherboy.看她吻了另一个男孩、他醋劲大发。＊jealousy[?d?el?si]n.妒忌；猜忌vibrationn.震动thevibrationofthetraffic车辆来往产生的振动。vibrate）v.振动、摇动eg：Hisshouldersvibratedwithanger.他气到双肩颤动。

)v.受……而感动， (心)颤动、惊动eg：Myheartvibratedtothesoulfulpainting.那张充满感情的画感动了我的心灵。collapse)v.坍塌、瓦解、崩溃eg：Theroofcollapsedundertheweightofsnow.雪把房顶压塌了.eg：Theheavyfloodcollapsedthebridge.大洪水使桥梁倒塌了。)v.(计划、事业等)垮掉、挫败eg：Ourprojectcollapsedbecauseofshortageoffunds.因为资金短缺，我们的计划挫败。)v.折迭、可折迭eg：Thistablecollapses,soIcanstoreiteasily.这种桌子可以折迭 ,不用时很容易收藏。collapseatent把帐篷折迭起来drill)v.钻孔drillaholeinthewall 在墙上钻个洞drillatooth钻牙齿反复练习、接受训练)v.训练(某人)，、反复练习、接受训练drilltroops练兵英语发音练习anelectricdrill英语发音练习anelectricdrill电钻用钻打洞afiredrill消防演习英文单字反复练习) n.锥子 、钻孔机makeaholewithadrill) n.训练、演练、演习drillinEnglishwordscapsule n.容器、胶囊eg：Heswallowedtwocapsulesatatime.他一下吃了两粒胶囊。medicine：pill[pil]药丸、powder[?paud?]药粉、tablet[?t?blit]药片、capsule[?k?psju:l]胶囊layer）n.层、一层alayerofclay一层泥＊clay[klei]n.粘土，泥土acakewithtwolayers 两层蛋2）置放者、砌……的人（通常构成复合词）abricklayer泥瓦匠3）下蛋的鸡agoodlayer常下蛋的鸡<-->abadlayer 不常下蛋的鸡beneath）prep.在 之下（可用已表示接触或未接触时，稍为严谨的表达法，一般多用under）eg：Let’stakearestbeneaththetree.让我们在树下休息。eg：Thegroundbeneathmyfeetwassoft.我脚下的土地松软。2）（地位、价值） 较……差的，较••…不值的的eg：Hisworkisbeneathcontempt.他的行为使人不屑一顾eg：Suchwordsarebeneathyou.说这些话有些失你身份。lower）v.放低（高度、位置），降低eg：Sheloweredhereyes.他垂下眼睛。loweraflag降旗；lowerthesails降帆降低运河中的水位lowerthewaterinthecanal降低运河中的水位egeg：Heissmoothinhismanners. 他举止彬彬有礼。）v.降低（价格、数量、程度、声音等）lowertherentofahouse 降彳氐房租； lowerone'svoiceE彳氐声音theLowerHouse（两院治的）下议院theHouseofRepresentatives（美）众议院theHouseofCommons（英）下议院theUpperHouse上议院progress)[?pr??gres]v.进展，进行eg：Wearenowprogressingsteadilywithourwork我们现在工作进展顺利。)v.进步、上进eg：Youhaveprogressedquicklyinmathematics.你在数学上进步迅速。)n.[?pr?ugres]前进、进行朝目的地迅速前进朝目的地缓慢前进。朝目的地迅速前进朝目的地缓慢前进。医药的进步makeslowprogresstowardthedestination)n.进步theprogressofmedicinesmoothly adv. 顺利地、平滑地gosmoothly 进展顺利eg：Theescalatordidn’toperatsemoothly.自动扶梯没有顺利运作escalator[?esk?leit?]n.自动扶梯operate[??p?reit]vi.运转；动手术；起作用vt.操作；经营smooth）adj.平滑的、顺利的（反义词 rough）asmoothskin光滑的皮肤 ；asmoothroad 顺畅的道路eg：Hiseffortsmadethesmoothpassageofthebillpossible.他的努力使该法案得以顺利通过。）adj.口齿伶俐的asmoothtalker一个能说会道的人）adj.温和的

)v.使平滑(坦)smoothoutatablecloth 铺平桌布eg：Don’tforgettosmoothdowntheboardbeforeyoupaintit.在刷油漆之前别忘了把木料打磨光滑。【课文讲解】Sixmenhavebeentrappedinamineforseventeenhours.※betrappedinamine被困在矿井2)mine矿井，巷道，水雷amineofinformationabout/onsb/sth 知识的宝库；信息的源泉eg:Mygrandmotherisamineofinformationaboutourfamily'shistory我的祖母是我们家史的资料库。agoldmine金矿；workinamine在矿场工作Iftheyarenotbroughttothesurfacesoontheymaylosetheirlives.※bebroughttothesurface 救到地面上来loseone'sli欣生saveone'slife救命However,rescueoperationsareprovingdifficult.※rescue)v.(从危险等)救出rescue fromeg：Theyrescuedaboyfromdrowning.救了那个落水男孩。eg：Thefiremenrescuedababyfromthebrininghouse.消防队员从着火的房屋里救出一名婴儿。)n.救助gotoone'srescu法营救某人※provev.证明、显示出prove+adj. eg：Ive+tobe eg：Ivethateg：Itprovesthatitisdifficult.这证明，它是困难的Ifexplosivesareused,vibrationswillcausetheroofoftheminetocollapse.※真实条件句（主将从现）-详情请见SpecialDifficultyRescueworkersarethereforedrillingaholeonthenorthsideofthemine.※onthenorthsideofthemine 在矿井北侧onbothsidesofthestreet 在街道两边ontheothersideofthesquare 在广场的另一侧※therefore表示“因此”、“所以”等。它是副词，所以它既可以独立使用，也可以位于动词或形容词前。so表示“因此”、“所以”时通常是连词：eg:Thenewflatislargerandthereforemoreexpensive.这套新房子（比原先的）要大些，因此比较贵。eg:Hisparentsgavehimsomemoney,andhewasthereforeabletobuyacar .他的父母给了他一些钱，所以他能买得起一辆车。eg：Hisparentsgavehimsomemoney,therefore,hewasabletobuyacar .（译文同上，therefore前后都可以有逗号，so后面通常不用逗号）Wearrivedearly,sowegotgoodseats. 我到得早，因此我们找到了好座位。（so表示“所以”、“因此”时不放在动词前）Theyintendtobringthemenupinaspecialcapsule.※intendtodo打算做某事intendsbtodo打算让某人做某事eg：Heintendstostudyabroadnextyear .他打算明年到国外留学。eg：Heintendshissontomanagethecompany.他打算让他儿子经营该公司。※bringup）养育、培育、教育eg：She’sbroughtupthreechildren.她一个人养大了三个孩子。awell-broughtupchild 有教养的孩子 <-->abadly-broughtupchild 没有教养的孩子）提出话题eg：Hisnewsuggestionwasbroughtupatthemeeting.他在会议上提出新的建议。

Iftherehadnotbeenahardlayerofrockbeneaththesoil,theywouldhavecompletedthejobinafewhours.※非真实条件句（虚拟语气）-详情请见SpecialDifficultyAsitis,theyhavebeendrillingforsixteenhoursandtheystillhavealongwaytogo.※asitis实际上infact=asamatteroffact实际上，其实eg:Ithoughttheywouldhelpus.Asitwas,theyjustsatthereandlookedon.我以为他们会帮助我们。实际上他们却只是坐着旁观。eg:Ipromisedtoreturnthebooksyesterday.Asitis,Iwon'tbeabletodosountilnextMonday.我答应昨天还书的，但事实上我要到下星期一才能还。alongwaytogo（本文中）离钻透还早着呢YoustillhavealongwaytogoifyouwannamarrySusan.threemonthstogo还有三个月Meanwhile,amicrophone,whichwasloweredintotheminetwohoursago,hasenabledthementokeepintouchwiththeirclosestrelatives.※enablesbtodo使某人做eg:Thenewcontactenablesustodemandwhateverwewant.新的通讯方式能让我们得到想要的任何东西。Xkeepintouchwith 与…保持联系eg：Hestillkeepsintouchwithhisoldfriends.他依然与他的老朋友保持联系。<-->outoftouch 失去联系eg：I’moutoftouchwitheconomicconditionsnow.我不了解现阶段的经济状况。aneartouch （aclosecall）千钧一发closestrelatives=immediaterelatives 直系亲属Thoughtheyarerunningoutoffoodanddrink,themenarecheerfulandconfidentthattheywillgetoutsoon.runoutof耗尽（useuprunoutof耗尽（useup）runafter(chase)runafter(chase)eg:Acrowedofboysranafterthebeggar .一群男孩追赶着乞丐。runover撞倒eg:Thatboywasnearlyrunoverbyacar .=Thecarnearlyhithim.小男孩差一点儿被汽车轧了。runin (新汽车的发动机的) 磨合运转、磨合试车eg:Don'tdrivesofast.Thiscarhasn'tbeenruninyet.=Thecarmustbedrivenslowlysoasnottodamagethenewengine.别开得这么快这辆车还没有试车。runinto偶遇runacross/meetwith/comeacross/meetbychance/meetbyaccidenteg:IranintoHelgawhileIwasinSweden.我在瑞典时偶遇Helga。Xcheerful兴高采烈的，精神振奋的eg:Youareverycheerfultoday. 你今天很快活。confidentindoingsth.有信心做 confidentofsth确信 Theyhavebeentoldthatrescueoperationsareprogressingsmoothly.Iftheyknewhowdifficultitwastodrillthroughthehardrock,theywouldloseheart.X非真实条件句Xdrillthrough钻透loseheart失望=loseone'snerveeg:Theteachertoldherstudentsnottolosehearteveniftheydidn'tpasstheexam.loseone'sheart【关键词组摘录】loseone'sheart【关键词组摘录】betrappedinloseoneslifeprovedifficultdrillaholeonthenorthsideofintendtodosth丧失某人信心bringsbupalongwaytogoenablesbtodosthkeepintouchrunoutofloseheart

【Keystructures&SpecialDifficulties ]真实条件句和非真实条件句（虚拟语气）英语中的条件句分为真实条件句和非真实条件句。一、真实条件句：表示现实情况中可能实现的情况。真实条件句中的谓语动词一般用一般现在时代替一般将来时,用一般过去式代替过去将来时。例如：Ifitrainstomorrow,Iwillstayathome.Theysaidtheywouldletusknowifthey heardanynewsabouthim.【详解】条件状语从句表示主句动作发生的条件，通常由 if来引导，作如果……，那么••…•”讲。详解例句IwillvisitmygrandmotherifIamfree.Let'sgoshoppingifyouarenotbusy.Youmustbecarefulifyougoswimmingintheriver.时公①如米十口J用刖正版府术阿） if，寸U、J杀件状语从句常用一般现在时。②如果主句是祈使句，从句也常用一般现在时。③如果主句含有情态动词，从句一般也用一般现在时。语序if引导的条件状语从句PJ以放在主旬前回，常用逗号隔开；也可以放在主句的后面。Ifyoudon 'thurry,youwillbelate.=Youwillbelateifyoudonhurry.，t转换①祈使句+and（or）+陈述句仕思义上相Hurryup,oryou 'llbelate.T」,*「凸句一件状/从何啊量/口句。②“if+否定句”相当于“unless+肯定句”。=Ifyoudon thurryup,youlate.Don'tcomeinifIdon '=Don'tcomeinunlessIcallyou.tca'llbelyou.注：当连词if作是否”讲时，if引导的从句的时态要根据具体情况而定。【中考链接】( )1.IhearJackChanwillcometoLaiwunextweek. (2U1U山小来无)-Really? hecomes,myyoungersisterwillbeveryhappy.A.If B.Until C.Unless D.Before( )2.Idon 'tknowifit tomorrow.Ifit ,wewon，tgoonapicnic.()3A.rains;rains B.willrain;rains CWewillhavenowatertodrink wedon.willrain;willrain'tprotecttheea12010上海)A.until B.before C.【巩固练习】I.单项选择though D.if( )1.Wewillstayathomeifmyaunttovisitustomorrow.A.come B.comes C.willcomeD.iscoming( )2.—Doyouknowifhetoplaybasketballwithus?-Ithinkhewillcomeifhefreetomorrow.A.comes;is B.comes;willbeC.willcome;is D.willcome;willbe( )3.Youwillkeephealthyyoudomoreexercise,suchasrunningandswimming.A.if B.how C.before D.where

n.根据汉语意思完成下列句子，每空一词。.如果明天不下雨的话，我们将去动物园。Wewillgotothezoo tomorrow..如果你完成了作业，我们就去下象棋。 ,let 'sgotoplaychess..如果人人都能保护环境，世界将会变得更美好。Ifeveryoneprotectstheenvironment,theworld .、非真实条件句：也叫虚拟条件句，表示与现实情况相反的假设情况。主句和从句中的谓语动词都需要使用虚拟语气。在表示与事实相反的虚拟语气时，谓语动词有三种形式。其具体形式如下:时间概念 条件从句中的谓语动词与现在事实相反

与过去事实相反

与将来事实相反did/werehaddone/been时间概念 条件从句中的谓语动词与现在事实相反

与过去事实相反

与将来事实相反did/werehaddone/beendid/were主句中的谓语动词would(could/should/might)+dowould(could/should/might)+havedonewould(could/should/might)+doshoulddoweretodo注息：.上述主句的谓语中, would表示结果，might表示可能性，could表示能力、允许或可能性， should主要用第一人称后。.条件从句的谓语动词为 be时，不管其主语是单数还是复数通常用 were。例如：Ifhewereherenow,wecouldaskhimaboutit.（ 与现在事实相反）.混合条件句。当条件状语从句表示的行为与主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间做出相应的调整。例如：Ifhehadfollowedthedoctor'sadvicethen,hewouldbequiteallrightnow.(从句表示过去时间，主句表示现在时间).(省if)倒装的虚拟条件句。 虚拟条件句的从句部分如果含有 were,should或had,可将if省略，把were,should或had移到从句主语前形成倒装。例如：HadIseenhimthen,Iwouldhavebeenveryhappy..Ifitweren'和fofithadn 'tbeen耀两个很常用的虚拟语气句型， 其意为若不是(有)，要不是有“前者谈论现在的情况，后者谈论过去的情况。一、用动词的适当形式填空。—Whatwillyoudoifit(rain)tomorrow?—Wehavetocarryiton,sincewe 'vegoteverythingready.Shetoldmethatshewouldnotgowithmeifit(rain)thenextday.IfI(be)you,Iwouldplantsometreesroundthehouse.IfIhadbeenyouthen,I(notquarrel)withhim.IftheUnitedStateshadbuiltmorehomesforpoorpeoplein1955 ,thehousingproblemsnowinsomepartsofthiscountry(notbe)soserious.二、选择填空一Johnwenttothehospitalalone.—Ifhemeaboutit,Iwouldhavegonewithhim.A.shouldtellB.tellsC.toldD.hadtoldIfwetheotherroad,wemighthavearrivedhereintimeforthemeeting.A.takeB.hadtakenC.tookD.havetaken3.Ifhemyadvice,hewouldn thavelosthisjob.3.IfheA.followedB.shouldfollowC.hadfollowedD.wouldfollow.HadIknownaboutthiscomputerprogram,ahugeamountoftimeandenergy.wouldhavebeensavedhadbeensavedwillbesavedwassaved.forthefreetickets,Iwouldnothavegonetothefilmssooften.A.Ifitisnot B.WereitnotC.HaditnotbeenD.Iftheywerenot6.一Theweatherhasbeenveryhotanddry.—Yes.Ifithadrainedevenadrop,thingswouldbemuchbetternow!Andmyvegetables.A.wouldn'tdieB.didn'tdieC.hadn 'tdiedD.wouldn 'thavedied补充：状语从句(AdverbialClauses)指用作状语起副词作用的句子。根据其作用可分为时间、原因、条件、目的、结果、让步、方式和比较等从句。英语中常见状语从句的分类及常用的引导词：常用的引导词时间状语从句when,as,while,after,before,till(until),assoonas,since原因状语从句because,since,as结果状语从句so…that,such•••that目的状语从句sothat,inorderthat条件状语从句if,unless,aslongas让步状语从句although,though,evenif(though)【例句观察】WhenIcameintotheroom,mybrotherwasplayingonthecomputer.我进到屋里的时候，弟弟在玩电脑。SinceyouareinChina,youmustobeytheChineselaw.因为你在中国，所以你必须要遵守中国的法律。Theoldmanwassoexcitedthathecouldnotsayaword.老人激动得一句话也说不出来了。Speakclearly,sothattheymayunderstandyou.请你说清楚点，以便大家都能明白。Youmayborrowthebookaslongasyoukeepitclean.只要你保持这本书清洁，你就可以借。Hewentoutevenifitwasraini